{"id":261644,"date":"2002-04-26T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2002-04-25T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/pso-svt-udnoicvteorrsailtyresearch-vs-vs-on-26-april-2002"},"modified":"2017-09-24T09:30:36","modified_gmt":"2017-09-24T04:00:36","slug":"pso-svt-udnoicvteorrsailtyresearch-vs-vs-on-26-april-2002","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/pso-svt-udnoicvteorrsailtyresearch-vs-vs-on-26-april-2002","title":{"rendered":"Pso.Svt.-Udnoicvteorrsailtyr,Esearch &#8230; vs Vs on 26 April, 2002"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">Pso.Svt.-Udnoicvteorrsailtyr,Esearch &#8230; vs Vs on 26 April, 2002<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: R Babu<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: S. Rajendra Babu, P. Venkatarama Reddi<\/div>\n<pre id=\"pre_1\">           CASE NO.:\nWrit Petition (civil) 67  of  1998\n\n\n\nPETITIONER:\nPSO.SVT.-UDNOICVTEORRSAILTYR,ESEARCH ASSOCIATES OF\n\n\tVs.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nVS.\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT:\t26\/04\/2002\n\nBENCH:\nS. Rajendra Babu &amp; P. Venkatarama Reddi\n\n\n\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p id=\"p_1\">[With W.P.(C) Nos.101\/98, 102\/98, 103\/98, 444\/98, 62\/98, 117\/98,118\/98 &amp; 194\/98]<\/p>\n<p>J U D G M E N T<\/p>\n<p>RAJENDRA BABU, J. :\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_1\">\tThis batch of writ petitions have been filed by Post-Doctoral<br \/>\nResearch Associates having Research Associateship under a scheme<br \/>\nframed either by the University Grants Commission [for short &#8216;UGC&#8217;] or<br \/>\nby the Council of Scientific &amp; Industrial Research [for short &#8216;CSIR&#8217;].<br \/>\nSome of the petitioners had filed writ petitions before the High Court of<br \/>\nDelhi in C.W.P. Nos. 4088\/98 and these petitions were dismissed by<br \/>\nstating that the petitioners cannot claim any right to continue to remain<br \/>\nas Research Associates beyond the contract period and their right to<br \/>\nremain in the said capacity come to an end on expiry of the contract<br \/>\nperiod.\t Those petitioners are before this Court.  the UGC has given a list<br \/>\nof Research Associate and in practically all the cases the research work<br \/>\nhas not exceeded five years and on completion of the tenure their<br \/>\nfellowship has been discontinued.  Further it has been stated before us<br \/>\nthat earlier the UGC has discontinued the scheme for the year 1998<br \/>\nexcept in relation to those who are continued under the existing scheme.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_2\">Under the scheme, duration of the Research Associateship is for an<br \/>\ninitial period of three years and a further extension of one or two years<br \/>\nwould be given after evaluation by an expert committee.\t Such Research<br \/>\nAssociateship is not intended to be an employment but an interim<br \/>\narrangement made for getting a job in any University or College during<br \/>\nwhich the Research Associate was given an opportunity to pursue<br \/>\nresearch.  If a Research Associate obtained employment during the<br \/>\ncurrency of the Research Associateship, he was at liberty to resign from<br \/>\nthe Research Associateship and join a new post.\t They were not<br \/>\ndesignated as Lecturers and the emoluments paid to them bear no<br \/>\nrelationship to the existing schemes in Universities.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_3\">\tConsidering the tentative nature of this Associateship, on behalf of<br \/>\nthe writ petitioners it is urged before us in these writ petitions that the<br \/>\nscheme of Research Associateship is counter productive causing great<br \/>\nharm not only to the research scholars but also to the entire nation as<br \/>\nonce the tenure of Research Associateship expires there is no way to<br \/>\nevaluate the validity or soundness of the research undertaken by them<br \/>\nduring the last a few years of such associateship;  the UGC or CSIR<br \/>\ncannot assess whether the expenditure incurred year after year in this<br \/>\nregard is properly utilised or not; that the scheme contemplated by the<br \/>\nUGC as well as CSIR clearly indicates that Research Associateship is<br \/>\ntreated as permanent except that the researchers are appointed on<br \/>\ntenure basis; that the short tenures fixed under the scheme would defeat<br \/>\nthe very purpose of the research their being no continuity in the projects<br \/>\nundertaken and when once the tenure is over, if there is no extension,<br \/>\nthe research done in the couple of years would be rendered futile; that if<br \/>\nthere is a sense of security with sustained follow-up under the control<br \/>\nand supervision of the institutions, it would be useful not only to the<br \/>\nscholars but also to the nation; that the UGC and CSIR Research<br \/>\nAssociateship are the first and perhaps the only avenues to doctorates<br \/>\nintending to dedicate their lives for research.\t If sufficient security is<br \/>\nprovided to them as by the end of their Associateship they would be in a<br \/>\nposition to find any job else where, their service in the institution would<br \/>\nbe useful and fruitful.\t Therefore, they implore upon us for a direction to<br \/>\nthe respondents to evolve a scheme so that the research and<br \/>\ndevelopment in the nation is optimally supported and benefited by the<br \/>\nscholarship and intellect of the Research Associates and also provide a<br \/>\nsense of security to them.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_4\">\tIn resisting these writ petitions, the UGC has set out in detail the<br \/>\nnature of the Research Associateship scheme which was formulated in<br \/>\n1983 and discontinued in 1998.\tThe research contemplated would cover<br \/>\neven work in humanities and social sciences including languages and<br \/>\nscience, engineering and technology independently and on project basis.<br \/>\nThe scheme was available to those who have completed their Ph.D.<br \/>\nwithin the last two years and have shown talent and competence for<br \/>\nindependent research.  The UGC pointed out that the Research<br \/>\nAssociates were not designated as lecturers nor were their emoluments<br \/>\ncomparable with that of the lecturers.\tThe Research Associateship would<br \/>\nnot envisage the creation of any post or any other appointment and they<br \/>\nare not working against specific posts since no posts are created for such<br \/>\nAssociateship. The teaching work, if any, undertaken by the Research<br \/>\nAssociate is part of the research or training and is not an appointment to<br \/>\na substantive post.  The contractual relationship was for a maximum<br \/>\nperiod of five years and there was no question of employment of the said<br \/>\nResearch Associate.  Even as late as May 5, 1997, the UGC decided that<br \/>\nthe Research Associateship should continue only on tenure basis for a<br \/>\nperiod of three years extendable by two more years and such<br \/>\nAssociateship would be terminated at the end of it.  Any fresh selection<br \/>\nwould be by application and selection for placement in the relevant<br \/>\nfellowship bracket and the UGC was not at all in favour of making the<br \/>\nresearch scholars permanent.  The scheme was only to provide post-<br \/>\ndoctoral experience and it would not possible to give permanence to the<br \/>\nscholars.  Still later on in March 1998 the UGC decided to discontinue<br \/>\nthe scheme at the end of IXth Five Year Plan due to acute shortage of<br \/>\nfunds.\tIt was also made clear that the position of Research Associates<br \/>\nwould continue to be available under the scheme of Major Research<br \/>\nProjects and other quality programmes under their respective grants on<br \/>\nad hoc contractual positions for the period of the project.  Under the<br \/>\nUGC Scheme, there were 933 Research Associates working under various<br \/>\nUniversities all over the country entailing an expenditure of Rs.9 crores<br \/>\nannually which would get enhanced to Rs.13 to Rs.14 crores in due<br \/>\ncourse.\t The UGC as such does not have any post of Research Associate<br \/>\nand the concerned scholars were working in the institutions all over the<br \/>\ncountry and such institutions have their own recruitment rules for<br \/>\nappointment thereto.  Appointing Research Associate to any vacant post<br \/>\nwould be tantamount to denying meritorious candidates the opportunity<br \/>\nto apply for the said post and, therefore, making those posts available to<br \/>\nthe Research Associate would not be appropriate and further various<br \/>\nUniversities being autonomous bodies have their own relevant<br \/>\nrecruitment rules to be applied in such matters.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_5\">The UGC also brings out the difference between the Research<br \/>\nAssociates Scheme and the Research Scientists Scheme of the UGC.  The<br \/>\nResearch Scientists Scheme was intended to build a cadre of Research<br \/>\nScientists in Indian Universities to promote high quality research in<br \/>\nscience, engineering and technology and humanities including social<br \/>\nsciences by providing opportunities to persons with outstanding merit.<br \/>\nUnlike the Research Associates who were retained on a fixed amount<br \/>\nmuch less than that of corresponding grades in Universities, the<br \/>\nResearch Scientists receive scales equivalent to Lecturer, Reader and<br \/>\nProfessor with all other benefits such dearness allowance, provident<br \/>\nfund, etc.  Therefore, the Research Scientists Scheme had built into it a<br \/>\npermanency and equivalence with University teachers.  On the other<br \/>\nhand, the Research Associates scheme did not contemplate either<br \/>\npermanency and equivalence with University teachers in any manner.<br \/>\nThe candidates with Ph.D. degree are eligible to apply for a Research<br \/>\nAssociateship whereas for the Research Scientists Scheme, Ph.D. along<br \/>\nwith research experience of not less than two years is required at the<br \/>\nminimum grade of Research Scientists &#8216;A&#8217; and the said scheme had been<br \/>\nrevised which is also for a fixed non-renewable term of five years only<br \/>\nand this scheme has also been discontinued now.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_6\">The stand of the CSIR is also similar.\tThe main features of the<br \/>\nscheme is to give placement to the Scientists on a temporary basis to<br \/>\nfacilitate them in the meantime to find out appointment on regular basis.<br \/>\nThey are not given any appointment but attached to a Government<br \/>\nDepartment or State Industrial Enterprises, National Labs.,<br \/>\nUniversities\/Scientific Institution etc. and they may even be attached to<br \/>\nan establishment in private sector.  The main purpose and intention of<br \/>\nthe Scheme is to give placement to Pool Officers which is not against any<br \/>\npost but is an unemployment support and the placement of such a<br \/>\nscientist as pool officer does not guarantee him any appointment with<br \/>\nthe CSIR or the Government Department on regular basis. There is<br \/>\nanother scheme called &#8220;Scheme of Quick Recruitment of Scientists<br \/>\n(Fellows)&#8217; which provides selection and such fellows will be on a contract<br \/>\nfor a period not exceeding three years and it may be terminated during<br \/>\nthe prescribed period.\tAt present, only 10% of the total Senior Research<br \/>\nAssociates under Scientists Pool Scheme and those scientists who have<br \/>\nput in 15 years of research service or more which include 13 years of<br \/>\nexperience in different kinds of fellowship or Associateship and it is only<br \/>\nsuch persons who are considered for absorption in regular<br \/>\nestablishments.\t The petitioners, it is contended, are neither doing any<br \/>\nresearch in any of the CSIR labs nor have they put in 15 years of<br \/>\nresearch work with the CSIR system on account of which they cannot be<br \/>\nconsidered for absorption in the CSIR and that the scheme was framed<br \/>\npursuant to an order made in C.A.No.1680\/1997 by this Court in a<br \/>\nmatter arising from the order made by the Central Administrative<br \/>\nTribunal in Pratibha Mishra vs. CSIR in O.A.No.83\/96 and this aspect<br \/>\nwas further clarified by this Court in CSIR &amp; Ors. vs. Dr. Ajay Kumar<br \/>\nJain, 2000 (4) SCC 186.\t It is, therefore, contended that the kind of<br \/>\ndirections sought for in these petitions cannot be granted.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_7\">Reliance was placed on behalf of the petitioners on a decision of<br \/>\nthis Court in <a href=\"\/doc\/1656359\/\" id=\"a_1\">V.L.Chandra &amp; Ors. vs. All India Institute of Medical<br \/>\nSciences<\/a>, 1990 (3) SCC 39, in which ad hoc appointments made in one<br \/>\nproject or another continuing for long periods and thereafter on projects<br \/>\ndrying up, researchers in such projects having worked for continuously<br \/>\nfor 10 to 15 years their services having been discontinued on the ground<br \/>\nof absence of further projects would give rise to human problem of<br \/>\ndeprivation of source of sustenance as with the advancement in age they<br \/>\nbecome disentitled to jobs in government or public sector undertakings<br \/>\nand, therefore, this Court gave direction to evolve a scheme for building<br \/>\nup a team of researchers in coordination with Health Ministry and to<br \/>\nprovide employment to the aggrieved persons either as researchers or in<br \/>\nany suitable employment until their inclusion in the team is considered.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_8\"><a href=\"\/doc\/1984705\/\" id=\"a_1\">In Dr. V.P.Chaturvedi &amp; Ors. vs. Union of India &amp; Ors<\/a>., 1991 (4)<br \/>\nSCC 171, this Court followed the decision rendered in V.L.Chandra&#8217;s<br \/>\ncase [supra] and similar directions were given in that case also.  This<br \/>\nCourt in Dr.Ajay Kumar Jain&#8217;s case [supra] examined the scheme of<br \/>\nappointment as Pool Officer under Scientists&#8217; Pool Scheme or as Scientist<br \/>\nFellow under the Scheme of Quick Recruitment of Scientists [Fellow] for<br \/>\nmajor Projects on contract basis for a limited period and held that it did<br \/>\nnot entitle them to regularisation of their services or absorption in CSIR<br \/>\nand distinguished the decision in Pratibha Mishra&#8217;s case [supra] to<br \/>\nwhich we have adverted to earlier.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_9\">The fact remains that in none of these cases the petitioners have<br \/>\nworked for a period of 10 to 15 years.\tThey have no doubt worked under<br \/>\ndifferent schemes on tenure basis.  Now what is sought for in these writ<br \/>\npetitions is not regularisation and that position was made clear by the<br \/>\nlearned counsel for the petitioners.  On the other hand what was<br \/>\nsubmitted was that the UGC and CSIR must frame appropriate scheme<br \/>\nto support scientific advancement providing a healthy climate for the<br \/>\nresearch fellows to carry on such work and these research fellows who<br \/>\nare petitioners before us can carry on such work only with a sense of<br \/>\nsecurity for their continuity in the work done by them which would be<br \/>\nbeneficial to the country as a whole and also to these individual.  The<br \/>\nscheme evolved by UGC or CSIR is only a supportive programme for the<br \/>\nresearch fellows during the period of unemployment initially for a period<br \/>\nof five years.\tSuch scheme will allow research fellows who have done<br \/>\ntheir Ph.D. and have a waiting period of five years when they have got no<br \/>\njobs to keep them active in their work, facilities are provided to them to<br \/>\ncarry on research on tenure basis.  If that is so, it may not be accurate to<br \/>\nstate that is only to encourage research that these research fellows have<br \/>\nbeen engaged and not by way of support to them during the period of<br \/>\ntheir unemployment and if that aspect is borne in mind that the UGC or<br \/>\nthe CSIR have framed scheme to give support to such candidates for a<br \/>\nparticular period during which they can obtain job in an appropriate<br \/>\nUniversity or institution or in any other organisation, it cannot be stated<br \/>\nthat such scheme is faulty.  It is more by way of a social welfare measure<br \/>\nsuch action is being taken and not merely to promote scientific research<br \/>\nwhich may be an incidental fall out under the Scheme.  Therefore, it<br \/>\nwould be very difficult for us to direct any scheme being framed by the<br \/>\nUGC or the CSIR in this regard.\t All that this Court can hope is that the<br \/>\nUGC or the CSIR would bear in mind research work done by these<br \/>\nscholars and provide them appropriate opportunities whenever an<br \/>\noccasion arises.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_10\">With the aforesaid observation, these writ petitions shall stand<br \/>\ndismissed.  No costs.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_11\">&#8230;J.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_12\">[ S. RAJENDRA BABU ]<\/p>\n<p>&#8230;J.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_13\">[P.VENKATARAMA REDDI]<\/p>\n<p>APRIL 26, 2002.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India Pso.Svt.-Udnoicvteorrsailtyr,Esearch &#8230; vs Vs on 26 April, 2002 Author: R Babu Bench: S. Rajendra Babu, P. Venkatarama Reddi CASE NO.: Writ Petition (civil) 67 of 1998 PETITIONER: PSO.SVT.-UDNOICVTEORRSAILTYR,ESEARCH ASSOCIATES OF Vs. RESPONDENT: VS. DATE OF JUDGMENT: 26\/04\/2002 BENCH: S. Rajendra Babu &amp; P. Venkatarama Reddi JUDGMENT: [With W.P.(C) Nos.101\/98, 102\/98, 103\/98, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-261644","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Pso.Svt.-Udnoicvteorrsailtyr,Esearch ... vs Vs on 26 April, 2002 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/pso-svt-udnoicvteorrsailtyresearch-vs-vs-on-26-april-2002\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pso.Svt.-Udnoicvteorrsailtyr,Esearch ... vs Vs on 26 April, 2002 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/pso-svt-udnoicvteorrsailtyresearch-vs-vs-on-26-april-2002\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/LegalindiaCom\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2002-04-25T18:30:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-09-24T04:00:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/09\/legal-india-icon.jpg?fit=512%2C512&ssl=1\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"512\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"512\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Legal India Admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@legaliadmin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@Legal_india\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Legal India Admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"12 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/pso-svt-udnoicvteorrsailtyresearch-vs-vs-on-26-april-2002#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/pso-svt-udnoicvteorrsailtyresearch-vs-vs-on-26-april-2002\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Legal India Admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0bfdffe9059fb8bb24a86d094609c5ea\"},\"headline\":\"Pso.Svt.-Udnoicvteorrsailtyr,Esearch &#8230; vs Vs on 26 April, 2002\",\"datePublished\":\"2002-04-25T18:30:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-09-24T04:00:36+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/pso-svt-udnoicvteorrsailtyresearch-vs-vs-on-26-april-2002\"},\"wordCount\":2327,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Supreme Court of India\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/pso-svt-udnoicvteorrsailtyresearch-vs-vs-on-26-april-2002#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/pso-svt-udnoicvteorrsailtyresearch-vs-vs-on-26-april-2002\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/pso-svt-udnoicvteorrsailtyresearch-vs-vs-on-26-april-2002\",\"name\":\"Pso.Svt.-Udnoicvteorrsailtyr,Esearch ... vs Vs on 26 April, 2002 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2002-04-25T18:30:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-09-24T04:00:36+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/pso-svt-udnoicvteorrsailtyresearch-vs-vs-on-26-april-2002#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/pso-svt-udnoicvteorrsailtyresearch-vs-vs-on-26-april-2002\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/pso-svt-udnoicvteorrsailtyresearch-vs-vs-on-26-april-2002#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Pso.Svt.-Udnoicvteorrsailtyr,Esearch &#8230; vs Vs on 26 April, 2002\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/\",\"name\":\"Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India\",\"description\":\"Search and read the latest judgements, orders, and rulings from the Supreme Court of India and all High Courts. A comprehensive database for lawyers, advocates, and law students.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"Free judgements of Supreme Court & High Court of India | Legal India\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India\",\"alternateName\":\"Legal India\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/5\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/legal-india-icon.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/5\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/legal-india-icon.jpg\",\"width\":512,\"height\":512,\"caption\":\"Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/LegalindiaCom\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/Legal_india\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0bfdffe9059fb8bb24a86d094609c5ea\",\"name\":\"Legal India Admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Legal India Admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/legaliadmin\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/author\\\/legal-india-admin\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Pso.Svt.-Udnoicvteorrsailtyr,Esearch ... vs Vs on 26 April, 2002 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/pso-svt-udnoicvteorrsailtyresearch-vs-vs-on-26-april-2002","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Pso.Svt.-Udnoicvteorrsailtyr,Esearch ... vs Vs on 26 April, 2002 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India","og_url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/pso-svt-udnoicvteorrsailtyresearch-vs-vs-on-26-april-2002","og_site_name":"Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/LegalindiaCom\/","article_published_time":"2002-04-25T18:30:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2017-09-24T04:00:36+00:00","og_image":[{"width":512,"height":512,"url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/09\/legal-india-icon.jpg?fit=512%2C512&ssl=1","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Legal India Admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@legaliadmin","twitter_site":"@Legal_india","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Legal India Admin","Est. reading time":"12 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/pso-svt-udnoicvteorrsailtyresearch-vs-vs-on-26-april-2002#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/pso-svt-udnoicvteorrsailtyresearch-vs-vs-on-26-april-2002"},"author":{"name":"Legal India Admin","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#\/schema\/person\/0bfdffe9059fb8bb24a86d094609c5ea"},"headline":"Pso.Svt.-Udnoicvteorrsailtyr,Esearch &#8230; vs Vs on 26 April, 2002","datePublished":"2002-04-25T18:30:00+00:00","dateModified":"2017-09-24T04:00:36+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/pso-svt-udnoicvteorrsailtyresearch-vs-vs-on-26-april-2002"},"wordCount":2327,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#organization"},"articleSection":["Supreme Court of India"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/pso-svt-udnoicvteorrsailtyresearch-vs-vs-on-26-april-2002#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/pso-svt-udnoicvteorrsailtyresearch-vs-vs-on-26-april-2002","url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/pso-svt-udnoicvteorrsailtyresearch-vs-vs-on-26-april-2002","name":"Pso.Svt.-Udnoicvteorrsailtyr,Esearch ... vs Vs on 26 April, 2002 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#website"},"datePublished":"2002-04-25T18:30:00+00:00","dateModified":"2017-09-24T04:00:36+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/pso-svt-udnoicvteorrsailtyresearch-vs-vs-on-26-april-2002#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/pso-svt-udnoicvteorrsailtyresearch-vs-vs-on-26-april-2002"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/pso-svt-udnoicvteorrsailtyresearch-vs-vs-on-26-april-2002#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Pso.Svt.-Udnoicvteorrsailtyr,Esearch &#8230; vs Vs on 26 April, 2002"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/","name":"Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India","description":"Search and read the latest judgements, orders, and rulings from the Supreme Court of India and all High Courts. A comprehensive database for lawyers, advocates, and law students.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#organization"},"alternateName":"Free judgements of Supreme Court & High Court of India | Legal India","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#organization","name":"Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India","alternateName":"Legal India","url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/09\/legal-india-icon.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/09\/legal-india-icon.jpg","width":512,"height":512,"caption":"Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/LegalindiaCom\/","https:\/\/x.com\/Legal_india"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#\/schema\/person\/0bfdffe9059fb8bb24a86d094609c5ea","name":"Legal India Admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Legal India Admin"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.legalindia.com","https:\/\/x.com\/legaliadmin"],"url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/author\/legal-india-admin"}]}},"modified_by":null,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/261644","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=261644"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/261644\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=261644"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=261644"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=261644"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}