{"id":267547,"date":"2007-05-11T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2007-05-10T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/commissioner-of-central-excise-vs-ms-mahavir-aluminium-ltd-on-11-may-2007"},"modified":"2017-12-31T16:47:41","modified_gmt":"2017-12-31T11:17:41","slug":"commissioner-of-central-excise-vs-ms-mahavir-aluminium-ltd-on-11-may-2007","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/commissioner-of-central-excise-vs-ms-mahavir-aluminium-ltd-on-11-may-2007","title":{"rendered":"Commissioner Of Central Excise, &#8230; vs M\/S Mahavir Aluminium Ltd on 11 May, 2007"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">Commissioner Of Central Excise, &#8230; vs M\/S Mahavir Aluminium Ltd on 11 May, 2007<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: C Thakker<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: Ashok Bhan, C.K. Thakker<\/div>\n<pre id=\"pre_1\">           CASE NO.:\nAppeal (civil)  6197 of 2001\n\nPETITIONER:\nCOMMISSIONER OF CENTRAL EXCISE, JAIPUR\n\nRESPONDENT:\nM\/S MAHAVIR ALUMINIUM LTD\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT: 11\/05\/2007\n\nBENCH:\nASHOK BHAN &amp; C.K. THAKKER\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p id=\"p_1\">J U D G M E N T<\/p>\n<p>C.K. THAKKER, J.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_1\">1.\t\tA short question which arises for our<br \/>\nconsideration in the present appeal is whether the<br \/>\nprocess of conversion of Aluminium Ingots into<br \/>\nAluminium Billets during the intermediate stage by the<br \/>\nprocess of re-melting and adding other alloys amounts to<br \/>\n&#8216;manufacture&#8217; within the meaning of <a href=\"\/doc\/197743596\/\" id=\"a_1\">Section 2(f)<\/a> of the<br \/>\nCentral Excise Act, 1944 (hereinafter referred to as &#8216;the<br \/>\nAct&#8217;) and Central Excise Duty is chargeable thereon?\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_2\">2.\t\tThe facts of the case are that M\/s Mahavir<br \/>\nAluminium Ltd., Bhiwadi (hereinafter referred to as &#8216;the<br \/>\nAssessee&#8217;) was engaged in the manufacture of Aluminium<br \/>\nProducts falling under Chapter 76 of the <a href=\"\/doc\/1469183\/\" id=\"a_1\">Central Excise<br \/>\nTariff Act<\/a>, 1985. The assessee was manufacturing<br \/>\nAluminium Billets and was consuming it captively for the<br \/>\nmanufacture of Aluminium Irrigation Pipes exempted<br \/>\nfrom payment of duty. The assessee was also selling the<br \/>\nsaid commodity in the market by paying Excise Duty.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_3\">3.\t\tIt was the case of the Commissioner of Central<br \/>\nExcise, Jaipur (hereinafter referred to as &#8216;the Revenue&#8217;)<br \/>\nthat the assessee did not mention the facts in<br \/>\nclassification lists\/declarations filed under Rule 173 B of<br \/>\nthe Central Excise Rules, 1944 nor produced record<br \/>\nrelating to production of Aluminium Billets used for<br \/>\ncaptive consumption and production of Aluminium<br \/>\nIrrigation Pipes. A notice was, therefore, issued to the<br \/>\nassessee on January 2, 1996 to show cause why an<br \/>\namount of Rs.1,16,56,476\/- towards clearance of<br \/>\nAluminium Billets for captive consumption by<br \/>\nsuppressing the fact that such consumption was for<br \/>\nmanufacture of fully exempt products should not be<br \/>\nrecovered as duty and why penalty should not be<br \/>\nimposed along with penalty.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_4\">4.\t\tBy an order-in-original dated August 8, 1997,<br \/>\ndemand of Rs.44,35,637\/- was confirmed for the period<br \/>\nbetween June, 1995 and December, 1995. The demand<br \/>\nbeyond the period of six months was held to be barred by<br \/>\ntime. Penalty of Rs.10,00,000\/- was also imposed.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_5\">5.\t\tAn appeal filed by the assessee against the<br \/>\norder-in-original was allowed by the Custom, Excise and<br \/>\nGold (Control) Appellate Tribunal (&#8216;CEGAT&#8217; for short) on<br \/>\nFebruary 16, 2000, setting aside the order-in-original<br \/>\npassed by the Commissioner and remanding the matter<br \/>\nfor fresh disposal in accordance with law.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_6\">6.\t\tHearing was afforded to the assessee thereafter<br \/>\nby the Commissioner and considering the rival<br \/>\nsubmissions of the parties, the Commissioner held that<br \/>\nAluminium Billets had come into existence as a result of<br \/>\nconversion of Aluminium Scraps, Ingots and other<br \/>\nalloying materials by process of melting. Billets are thus<br \/>\na commodity distinct from Ingots. The Commissioner also<br \/>\nrecorded a finding that &#8220;Aluminium Billets, besides being<br \/>\nused captively, were also sold in the marked by the<br \/>\nassessee on payment of duty @ 15% adv.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_7\">7.\t\tThe Commissioner concluded :\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_8\">&#8220;Regarding whether aluminum billets<br \/>\nproduced at the intermediate stage by the<br \/>\nassessee as per the process discussed in para<br \/>\nA supra amounts to manufacture. I find that a<br \/>\nbillet as different article emerged as a result of<br \/>\nmelting of ingots\/scrap of aluminium and<br \/>\nother alloying metals and is having distinct<br \/>\nname, character or use and as per <a href=\"\/doc\/76749005\/\" id=\"a_2\">Section 3<\/a> of<br \/>\nCentral Excise Act, 1944 these are goods<br \/>\nwhich can ordinarily be bought and sold in the<br \/>\nmarket. The assessee is also selling the same<br \/>\nin the market apart from captive consumption<br \/>\nfor manufacture of irrigation aluminium pipes.<br \/>\nThus, billet is altogether a different product<br \/>\nthan an ingot of aluminium know to the<br \/>\nmarket and has different use and character. In<br \/>\nthe assessee&#8217;s case also they could not have<br \/>\nmanufactured extruded pipes form aluminium<br \/>\ningots. Accordingly aluminium ingots and<br \/>\nbillets are altogether different goods&#8221;.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_9\">\t\t\t(emphasis supplied)<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_10\">8.\t\tHe, therefore, held that the production of<br \/>\nAluminium Billets from Aluminium Ingots\/Scraps and<br \/>\nother alloying materials amounted to &#8216;manufacture&#8217;<br \/>\nwithin the meaning of <a href=\"\/doc\/197743596\/\" id=\"a_3\">Section 2(f)<\/a> of the Act and was<br \/>\nchargeable to Central Excise Duty under sub-heading<br \/>\n7601.10 of Chapter 76 of the <a href=\"\/doc\/1469183\/\" id=\"a_4\">Central Excise Tariff Act<\/a>,<br \/>\n1985.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_11\">9.\t\tThe assessee being aggrieved by the order-in-<br \/>\noriginal passed by the Commissioner, preferred an appeal<br \/>\nto CEGAT. CEGAT observed that there was substance in<br \/>\nthe contention raised by the assessee that the process<br \/>\ncarried out by the assessee of Melting Ingots into Round<br \/>\nIngots for the purpose of extrusion did not amount to<br \/>\n&#8216;manufacture&#8217; and the taxable commodity remained the<br \/>\nsame although in different form. CEGAT stated that<br \/>\n&#8220;mere change in physical form of shape or substance<br \/>\ndoes not amount to manufacture&#8221;. It, therefore, allowed<br \/>\nthe appeal and set aside the order passed by the<br \/>\nCommissioner. The said order is challenged by the<br \/>\nRevenue in this Court.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_12\">10.\t\tWe have heard the learned counsel for the<br \/>\nparties.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_13\">11.\t\tIt was submitted by the learned counsel for the<br \/>\nRevenue that CEGAT has committed an error of law in<br \/>\nholding that the commodity remained one and the same<br \/>\nand merely the form was changed and as such there was<br \/>\nno &#8216;manufacture&#8217; and Excise Duty could not be imposed<br \/>\nby the Department.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_14\">12.\t\tThe learned counsel for the assessee, on the<br \/>\nother hand, submitted that CEGAT was right in holding<br \/>\nthat there was no change of commodity and hence there<br \/>\nwas no &#8216;manufacture&#8217;. Extrusion Ingots which are also<br \/>\nknown as Round Ingots or Billets are only a different<br \/>\nform of the same taxable commodity, namely, Wrought<br \/>\nAluminium under Chapter 7601. The process or<br \/>\nconversion of Melting Ingots into Extrusion Ingots was<br \/>\nnot a &#8216;process of manufacture&#8217; and there is a change in<br \/>\nshape or form of the product. The order of CEGAT, hence,<br \/>\ncalls for no interference.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_15\">13.\t\tHaving heard the learned counsel for the<br \/>\nparties, in our opinion, the appeal deserves to be allowed.<br \/>\nThe expression &#8216;manufacture&#8217; is defined in Clause (f) of<br \/>\n<a href=\"\/doc\/197743596\/\" id=\"a_5\">Section 2<\/a> of the Act which reads thus:\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_16\">(f) &#8220;Manufacture&#8221; includes any process:\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_17\">    (i)    incidental or ancillary to the completion<br \/>\nof a manufactured product;\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_18\">    (ii)  which is specified in relation to any<br \/>\ngoods in the Section or Chapter notes<br \/>\nof the Schedule to the <a href=\"\/doc\/1469183\/\" id=\"a_6\">Central Excise<br \/>\nTariff Act<\/a>, 1985 as amounting to<br \/>\nmanufacture, (5 of 1986), and the word<br \/>\n&#8220;manufacturer&#8221; shall be construed<br \/>\naccordingly and shall include not only<br \/>\na person who employs hired labour in<br \/>\nthe production or manufacture of<br \/>\nexcisable, goods, but also any person<br \/>\nwho engages in their production or<br \/>\nmanufacture on his own account.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_19\">14.\t\tIt is thus clear that &#8216;manufacture&#8217; includes any<br \/>\nprocess under <a href=\"\/doc\/1519534\/\" id=\"a_7\">Section 2(f)<\/a>. As observed by this Court<br \/>\nbefore more than four decades in Union of India &amp;<br \/>\nAnother. v. Delhi Cloth &amp; General Mills Co. Ltd. &amp; Ors.,<br \/>\n(1963) Supp (1) SCR 586 : AIR 1963 SC 791, the word<br \/>\n&#8216;manufacture&#8217; is a verb which is generally understood to<br \/>\nmean as &#8220;bringing into existence a new substance&#8221; and<br \/>\ndoes not mean merely &#8220;to produce some change in a<br \/>\nsubstance, however minor in consequence the change<br \/>\nmay be&#8221;.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_20\">15.\t\t<a href=\"\/doc\/39750\/\" id=\"a_8\">In Empire Industries Ltd. v. Union of India<\/a>,<br \/>\n(1985) 3 SCC 314, it was held that taxable event under<br \/>\nExcise Law is `manufacture&#8217;. The moment there is<br \/>\ntransformation into a new commodity commercially<br \/>\ndistinct and separate commodity having its own<br \/>\ncharacter and name whether be it the result of one<br \/>\nprocess or several processes, &#8216;manufacture&#8217; takes place<br \/>\nand liability to\texcise duty under <a href=\"\/doc\/233653\/\" id=\"a_9\">Section 4<\/a> is attracted.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_21\">16.\t\t<a href=\"\/doc\/1613412\/\" id=\"a_10\">In Union Carbide India Ltd. v. Union of India &amp;<br \/>\nOrs<\/a>., (1986) 2 SCC 547, this Court held that in order to<br \/>\nattract Excise Duty, the article manufactured must be<br \/>\ncapable of sale to a consumer. To become goods, an<br \/>\narticle must be something which can ordinarily come to<br \/>\nthe market to be bought and be sold.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_22\">17.\t\t<a href=\"\/doc\/1975185\/\" id=\"a_11\">In Union of India &amp; Ors. v. J.G. Glass Industries<br \/>\nLtd. &amp; Ors<\/a>., (1998) 2 SCC 32, leading decisions came to<br \/>\nbe considered by this Court and it was held that a two<br \/>\nfold test emerged for deciding whether the process is that<br \/>\nof &#8216;manufacture&#8217;.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_23\">18.\t\tThe Court after considering earlier decisions,<br \/>\nstated:\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_24\">&#8220;On an analysis of the aforesaid<br \/>\nrulings, a two-old test emerges for<br \/>\ndeciding whether the  process is  that of<br \/>\n&#8220;manufacture&#8221;.  First,  whether  by the<br \/>\nsaid  process  a different commercial<br \/>\ncommodity  comes into  existence  or<br \/>\nwhether the identity of the original<br \/>\ncommodity ceases to exist; secondly,<br \/>\nwhether the commodity which was<br \/>\nalready in existence will serve no<br \/>\npurpose but  for the said process. In<br \/>\nother words whether the commodity is<br \/>\nalready in existence will be of no<br \/>\ncommercial use but for the said process&#8221;.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_25\">19.\t\tIn the present case, the assessee is not only<br \/>\ncaptively consuming Aluminium Billets for the<br \/>\nproduction of Irrigation Pipes but is also selling such<br \/>\ncommodity in open market. It is, therefore, clear that the<br \/>\nprocess of &#8216;manufacture&#8217; results in emergence of new<br \/>\ncommercial commodity, namely, &#8216;Billets&#8217;. The said<br \/>\ncommodity has an independent marketability and the<br \/>\nassessee itself has sold Billets in open market by paying<br \/>\nExcise Duty.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_26\">20.\t\tThe entry also makes it clear which is under<br \/>\nChapter 76. The relevant part reads thus:<\/p>\n<pre id=\"pre_1\">\nChapter 76\nHeading     Sub-Heading          Description            Rate of Duty\nNo.             No.                        of Goods\n\n76.01        7601.10           ingots, billets         16%\n\n<\/pre>\n<p id=\"p_27\">21.\t\tIngots and Billets are thus two different<br \/>\ncommercial commodities. They have separate, distinct<br \/>\nand identifiable marketability and saleability. The<br \/>\nassessee, no doubt, used Aluminium Billets captively but<br \/>\nis also selling in open market. We are, therefore, of the<br \/>\nview that the Commissioner was right in holding that the<br \/>\nassessee was liable to pay Excise Duty and CEGAT was<br \/>\nwrong in interfering with the order-in-original. The order<br \/>\nof the CEGAT, therefore, is liable to be set aside.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_28\">22.\t\tFor the foregoing reasons, the appeal deserves<br \/>\nto be allowed and is accordingly allowed. The order<br \/>\npassed by CEGAT is set aside and the order-in-original<br \/>\npassed by the Commissioner is restored.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_29\">23.\t\tThe learned counsel for the assessee, however,<br \/>\nsubmitted that in that case the assessee would be<br \/>\nentitled to MODVAT benefits. If it is so, the assessee can<br \/>\nclaim the said benefit. We may make it clear that our<br \/>\nsetting aside the order passed by CEGAT in this appeal<br \/>\nwould not come in the way of the assessee in claiming<br \/>\nand getting such benefit, if it is otherwise entitled.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_30\">24.\t\tThe appeal is allowed accordingly with no<br \/>\norder as to costs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India Commissioner Of Central Excise, &#8230; vs M\/S Mahavir Aluminium Ltd on 11 May, 2007 Author: C Thakker Bench: Ashok Bhan, C.K. Thakker CASE NO.: Appeal (civil) 6197 of 2001 PETITIONER: COMMISSIONER OF CENTRAL EXCISE, JAIPUR RESPONDENT: M\/S MAHAVIR ALUMINIUM LTD DATE OF JUDGMENT: 11\/05\/2007 BENCH: ASHOK BHAN &amp; C.K. THAKKER JUDGMENT: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-267547","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Commissioner Of Central Excise, ... vs M\/S Mahavir Aluminium Ltd on 11 May, 2007 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/commissioner-of-central-excise-vs-ms-mahavir-aluminium-ltd-on-11-may-2007\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Commissioner Of Central Excise, ... vs M\/S Mahavir Aluminium Ltd on 11 May, 2007 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; 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