{"id":271944,"date":"1995-01-31T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1995-01-30T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/consumer-unity-trust-society-vs-chairman-managing-director-on-31-january-1995"},"modified":"2019-01-16T20:12:15","modified_gmt":"2019-01-16T14:42:15","slug":"consumer-unity-trust-society-vs-chairman-managing-director-on-31-january-1995","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/consumer-unity-trust-society-vs-chairman-managing-director-on-31-january-1995","title":{"rendered":"Consumer Unity &amp; Trust Society vs Chairman &amp; Managing Director on 31 January, 1995"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">Consumer Unity &amp; Trust Society vs Chairman &amp; Managing Director on 31 January, 1995<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_citations\">Equivalent citations: 1995 SCC  (2) 150, JT 1995 (2)\t 51<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: R Sahai<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: Sahai, R.M. (J)<\/div>\n<pre id=\"pre_1\">           PETITIONER:\nCONSUMER UNITY &amp; TRUST SOCIETY\n\n\tVs.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nCHAIRMAN &amp; MANAGING DIRECTOR\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT31\/01\/1995\n\nBENCH:\nSAHAI, R.M. (J)\nBENCH:\nSAHAI, R.M. (J)\nKULDIP SINGH (J)\nMOHAN, S. (J)\n\nCITATION:\n 1995 SCC  (2) 150\t  JT 1995 (2)\t 51\n 1995 SCALE  (1)387\n\n\nACT:\n\n\n\nHEADNOTE:\n\n\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p id=\"p_1\">The Judgment of the Court was delivered by<br \/>\nR.M.   SAHAI,  J.-  The\t short\tquestion  that\tarises\t for<br \/>\nconsideration  in this appeal directed against\tjudgment  of<br \/>\nNational Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission, New  Delhi,<br \/>\nis  whether a banking company which renders  service  within<br \/>\nmeaning\t of  clause  (g)  of  <a href=\"\/doc\/334666\/\" id=\"a_1\">Section  2<\/a>  of  the   Consumer<br \/>\nProtection  Act,  1986 (referred in brief as &#8220;the  Act&#8221;)  is<br \/>\nliable\tto compensate its customers for loss of service\t due<br \/>\nto illegal strike by its employees.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_1\">2.Reasons  for\tthe strike due to enforcement of  scheme  of<br \/>\ntransfer by the Bank and its being illegal due to  employees<br \/>\nresorting to it during pendency of conciliation\t proceedings<br \/>\nbefore the Commission have not been assailed in this appeal.<br \/>\nEven the finding that the Bank was prevented from  rendering<br \/>\nany  skeleton  service\tto  its\t customers  due\t to   unruly<br \/>\nbehaviour  of the employees who not only created  barricades<br \/>\nby forming human wall before the Bank but even mutilated and<br \/>\ndefaced the signature on cheques issued by the Bank to cater<br \/>\nto  urgent  demands  of\t its  customers\t by  colluding\twith<br \/>\nemployees  of  Reserve\tBank of India  is  well-founded\t and<br \/>\nunassailable.\tBut  what  was argued  was  that  since\t the<br \/>\ncustomers  of the Bank were deprived of the services due  to<br \/>\nstrike for 54 days, the Bank was liable to pay such  amounts<br \/>\nas,<br \/>\n\t      &#8220;(a)Interest  on overdrafts accounts  to\tbe<br \/>\n\t      reimbursed  at lending rate during the  period<br \/>\n\t      the account was not operative.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_2\">\t      (b)   Reimbursement of interest at the lending<br \/>\n\t      rate  less actual rate of interest  creditable<br \/>\n\t      to the saving deposit account holders.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_3\">\t      (c)   Interest  at  the lending  rate  on\t the<br \/>\n\t      negotiable instruments held in suspense during<br \/>\n\t      this period to be reimbursed to the customers.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_4\">\t      (d)   Reimbursement  of interest at which\t the<br \/>\n\t      customers\t  may  have  borrowed\tmoney\tfrom<br \/>\n\t      elsewhere\t to meet with their  exigencies\t for<br \/>\n\t      the  period  during which they could  not\t lay<br \/>\n\t      hands on their own money lying stuck in or due<br \/>\n\t      to the Bank.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_5\">\t      (e)   Reimbursement of wharfage, demurrage and<br \/>\n\t      such other costs on consignments, documents of<br \/>\n\t      which  were lying in the Bank or could not  be<br \/>\n\t      delivered\t to the Bank during this period\t and<br \/>\n\t      the  related  period  before  and\t after\tthis<br \/>\n\t      strike.\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\" id=\"span_1\">\t      152<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"p_6\">\t      (f)  Such\t consequential\tdamages\t and  losses<br \/>\n\t      incurred\tby  the customers resultant  of\t the<br \/>\n\t      strike, including compensation for mental\t and<br \/>\n\t      physical anguish and agony caused due to\tnon-<br \/>\n\t      availability   of\t the  money  or\t against   a<br \/>\n\t      limit\/loan  or  overdraft\t facility  with\t the<br \/>\n\t      Bank.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_7\">\t      (g)   Such other losses and claims, which\t may<br \/>\n\t      arise out of the actual claims to be lodged by<br \/>\n\t      the  customers and\/or assessed for the  strike<br \/>\n\t      period   after  making  &#8216;thorough\t  assessment<br \/>\n\t      through an independent agency&#8217;.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_8\">To  determine merits of this submission, it is necessary  to<br \/>\nadvert to certain provisions of the Act.  A consumer or\t any<br \/>\nregistered   voluntary\t consumer  association,\t  like\t the<br \/>\nappellant,  is entitled to file a complaint, as provided  in<br \/>\nsub-clause (iii) of clause (c) of sub-section (1) of the Act<br \/>\nfor  deficiency in service.  &#8216;Service&#8217; has been\t defined  in<br \/>\nclause (o) of <a href=\"\/doc\/334666\/\" id=\"a_1\">Section 2<\/a> of the Act and reads as under:\n<\/p>\n<blockquote id=\"blockquote_1\"><p>\t      &#8221;\t service&#8217; means service of  any\t description<br \/>\n\t      which is made available to potential users and<br \/>\n\t      includes\t the  provision\t of  facilities\t  in<br \/>\n\t      connection with banking, financing, insurance,<br \/>\n\t      transport, processing, supply of electrical or<br \/>\n\t      other  energy,  board  or\t lodging  or   both,<br \/>\n\t      housing construction, entertainment, amusement<br \/>\n\t      or the purveying a news or other\tinformation,<br \/>\n\t      but  does\t not include the  rendering  of\t any<br \/>\n\t      service free of charge or under a contract  of<br \/>\n\t      personal service;&#8221;\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p id=\"p_9\">The  expression\t &#8220;any description&#8221; widens the ambit  of\t the<br \/>\nsection\t and extends it to any service.\t Therefore,  payment<br \/>\nof  interest  on  overdrafts,  interest\t at  lending   rate,<br \/>\nwharfage,  demurrage  etc. claimed by the appellant  may  be<br \/>\ncovered\t in the expression &#8216;service&#8217;.  But  &#8216;deficiency&#8217;  in<br \/>\nservice\t has been defined in clause (g) of <a href=\"\/doc\/334666\/\" id=\"a_2\">Section 2<\/a> of\t the<br \/>\nAct as under:\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_10\">\t      &#8221;\t   &#8216;deficiency&#8217;\t   means    an),,     fault,<br \/>\n\t      imperfection, shortcoming or inadequacy in the<br \/>\n\t      quality,\tnature\tand  manner  of\t performance<br \/>\n\t      which is required to be maintained by or under<br \/>\n\t      any  law\tfor the time being in force  or\t has<br \/>\n\t      been undertaken to be performed by a person in<br \/>\n\t      pursuance\t of  a\tcontract  or  otherwise\t  in<br \/>\n\t      relation to any service;&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_11\">Even  though the depositors were deprived of the service  of<br \/>\nthe Bank but the deficiency did not arise due to one of\t the<br \/>\nreasons\t mentioned  in clause (g).  The\t shortcoming  in  he<br \/>\nservice by the Bank did not arise due to failure on the part<br \/>\nof  the\t Bank  in performing its  duty\tor  discharging\t its<br \/>\nobligations  as required by law.  Since the depositors\twere<br \/>\nprevented  to avail of the services of the Bank not  because<br \/>\nof  any deficiency on the pan of the Bank but due to  strike<br \/>\nresorted to by the employees who almost physically prevented<br \/>\nthe Bank from functioning, the failure of the Bank to render<br \/>\nservice could not be held to give rise to claim for recovery<br \/>\nof  any\t amount\t under\tthe Act.   Further,  the  power\t and<br \/>\njurisdiction  of  the Commission is  to\t award\tcompensation<br \/>\nunder  <a href=\"\/doc\/1650356\/\" id=\"a_3\">Section\t14(1)(d)<\/a>  of the Act as\t it  has  been\tmade<br \/>\napplicable to the Commission by sub-rule- (b) of Rule 19  of<br \/>\nthe  Rules framed under the Act.  Clause (d) of\t sub-section<br \/>\n(1) of <a href=\"\/doc\/550350\/\" id=\"a_4\">Section 14<\/a> is extracted below:\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\" id=\"span_1\">153<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote id=\"blockquote_1\"><p>\t      &#8220;to pay such amount as may be awarded by it as<br \/>\n\t      compensation  to the consumer for any loss  or<br \/>\n\t      injury  suffered\tby the consumer due  to\t the<br \/>\n\t      negligence of the opposite party.&#8221;\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p id=\"p_12\">Each  of  these expressions used in the sub-section  are  of<br \/>\nwide  connotation and are fully comprehended both in  common<br \/>\nand  legal  sense.  Negligence is absence of  reasonable  or<br \/>\nprudent\t care  which  a reasonable  person  is\texpected  to<br \/>\nobserve in a given set of circumstances.  But the negligence<br \/>\nfor which a consumer can claim to be compensated under\tthis<br \/>\nsub-section must cause some loss or injury to him.  Loss  is<br \/>\na generic term.\t It signifies some detriment or\t deprivation<br \/>\nor damage.  Injury too means any damages or wrong.  It means<br \/>\n&#8220;invasion  of  any legally protected interest  of  another&#8221;.<br \/>\nThus the provisions of <a href=\"\/doc\/1650356\/\" id=\"a_5\">Section 14(1)(d)<\/a> are attracted if the<br \/>\nperson from whom damages are claimed is found to have  acted<br \/>\nnegligently and such negligence must result in some loss  to<br \/>\nthe  person  claiming  damages.\t In  other  words,  loss  or<br \/>\ninjury,\t if  any, must flow from negligence.  Mere  loss  or<br \/>\ninjury\twithout\t negligence  is\t not  contemplated  by\tthis<br \/>\nsection.   The\tBank has not been found to be  negligent  in<br \/>\ndischarge  of  its duties.  Therefore, even if any  loss  or<br \/>\ndamage was caused to any depositor but it was not caused due<br \/>\nto negligence of Bank then no claim of damages under the Act<br \/>\nwas maintainable.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_13\">3.For  these reasons, the appeal fails and is  dismissed.<br \/>\nBut there shall be no order as to costs.\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\" id=\"span_2\">155<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India Consumer Unity &amp; Trust Society vs Chairman &amp; Managing Director on 31 January, 1995 Equivalent citations: 1995 SCC (2) 150, JT 1995 (2) 51 Author: R Sahai Bench: Sahai, R.M. (J) PETITIONER: CONSUMER UNITY &amp; TRUST SOCIETY Vs. RESPONDENT: CHAIRMAN &amp; MANAGING DIRECTOR DATE OF JUDGMENT31\/01\/1995 BENCH: SAHAI, R.M. (J) BENCH: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-271944","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Consumer Unity &amp; Trust Society vs Chairman &amp; Managing Director on 31 January, 1995 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/consumer-unity-trust-society-vs-chairman-managing-director-on-31-january-1995\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Consumer Unity &amp; 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