{"id":27483,"date":"1996-08-09T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1996-08-08T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/t-m-a-pai-foundation-ors-etc-vs-state-of-karnataka-ors-etc-on-9-august-1996"},"modified":"2019-01-20T04:27:23","modified_gmt":"2019-01-19T22:57:23","slug":"t-m-a-pai-foundation-ors-etc-vs-state-of-karnataka-ors-etc-on-9-august-1996","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/t-m-a-pai-foundation-ors-etc-vs-state-of-karnataka-ors-etc-on-9-august-1996","title":{"rendered":"T.M.A. Pai Foundation &amp; Ors. Etc vs State Of Karnataka &amp; Ors. Etc on 9 August, 1996"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">T.M.A. Pai Foundation &amp; Ors. Etc vs State Of Karnataka &amp; Ors. Etc on 9 August, 1996<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_citations\">Equivalent citations: 1996 SCC  (5)\t 8, \t  1996 SCALE  (5)666<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: K Singh<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: Kuldip Singh (J)<\/div>\n<pre>           PETITIONER:\nT.M.A. PAI FOUNDATION &amp; ORS. ETC.\n\n\tVs.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nSTATE OF KARNATAKA &amp; ORS. ETC.\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT:\t09\/08\/1996\n\nBENCH:\nKULDIP SINGH (J)\nBENCH:\nKULDIP SINGH (J)\nAGRAWAL, S.C. (J)\nJEEVAN REDDY, B.P. (J)\n\nCITATION:\n 1996 SCC  (5)\t 8\t  1996 SCALE  (5)666\n\n\nACT:\n\n\n\nHEADNOTE:\n\n\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>\t\t\t <a href=\"\/doc\/163316532\/\">O R D E R<br \/>\n     In Unnikrishnan,  J.P &amp; Ors. v. State of Andhra Pradesh<br \/>\n&amp; Ors.<\/a>\t[1993 (1)  S.C.C.645] a\t Constitution Bench  of this<br \/>\nCourt had  evolved a  scheme governing\tadmission to private<br \/>\nmedical engineering  and certain  other colleges, keeping in<br \/>\nview the positive features of the relevant Central and State<br \/>\nenactments. The\t idea behind  the scheme has been set out in<br \/>\nParagraph 205  of the  Judgment. In  Paragraph\t206  it\t was<br \/>\nstated that  the scheme evolved therein &#8220;is in the nature of<br \/>\nguidelines which the appropriate governments and recognising<br \/>\nand affiliating\t authorities shall  impose and\timplement in<br \/>\naddition to  such other\t conditions and stipulations as they<br \/>\nmay think appropriate as conditions for grant of permission,<br \/>\ngrant of  recognition or  grant of  affiliation, as the case<br \/>\nmay be&#8221;.  Clauses (a),\t(b) and\t (c) of\t Paragraph 6  of the<br \/>\nScheme, in  particulars dealt with the fees to be charged by<br \/>\nthe professional  colleges. It\twould be  appropriate if  we<br \/>\nextract the said clauses:\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>     &#8220;(6)(a)  Every   State   Government<br \/>\n     shall   forthwith\t  constitute   a<br \/>\n     Committee to fix the ceiling on the<br \/>\n     fees chargeable  by a  professional<br \/>\n     college or\t class\tof  professional<br \/>\n     collage as\t the case  may\tbe.  The<br \/>\n     Committee shall  consist of a vice-<br \/>\n     Chancellor, Secretary for Education<br \/>\n     (or such Joint Secretary, as he may<br \/>\n     nominate)\tand   Director,\t Medical<br \/>\n     Education\/Director\t       Technical<br \/>\n     Education. The Committee shall make<br \/>\n     such   enquiry    as   it\t  thinks<br \/>\n     appropriate.  It\tshall,\thowever,<br \/>\n     give     opportunity     to     the<br \/>\n     professional  colleges   [or  their<br \/>\n     association(s), if\t any]  to  place<br \/>\n     such materials  as they  think fit.<br \/>\n     It shall  however, not  be bound to<br \/>\n     give any personal hearing to anyone<br \/>\n     or follow\tany technical  rules  of<br \/>\n     law. The  Committee shall\tfix  the<br \/>\n     fee once  every three  years or  at<br \/>\n     such longer  intervals, as\t it  may<br \/>\n     think appropriate.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>     (b) It  would be appropriate if the<br \/>\n     U.G.C. frames  regulations\t   under<br \/>\n     Section 12-A(3)  of the U.G.C. Act,<br \/>\n     regulating\t the   fees  which   the<br \/>\n     affiliated colleges,  operating  on<br \/>\n     no-grant-in-aid basis, are entitled<br \/>\n     to\t  charge.    The   Council   for<br \/>\n     Technical\t Education    may   also<br \/>\n     consider\tthe    advisability   of<br \/>\n     issuing directions under Section 10<br \/>\n     of the  A.I.C.T.E.\t Act  regulating<br \/>\n     the fees  that may\t be  charged  in<br \/>\n     private\t unaided     educational<br \/>\n     institutions  imparting   technical<br \/>\n     education.\t  The\tIndian\t Medical<br \/>\n     Council and  the Central Government<br \/>\n     may also  consider the advisability<br \/>\n     of such  regulation as  a condition<br \/>\n     for  grant\t of  permission\t to  new<br \/>\n     medical colleges under Section 10-A<br \/>\n     and to  impose such  a condition on<br \/>\n     existing colleges under Section 10-<br \/>\n     C.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>     (c)   The\t  several    authorities<br \/>\n     mentioned in  sub-paras (a) and (b)<br \/>\n     shall  decide   whether  a\t private<br \/>\n     educational institution is entitled<br \/>\n     to\t charge\t only  that  fee  as  is<br \/>\n     required  to  run\tthe  college  or<br \/>\n     whether the  capital cost\tinvolved<br \/>\n     in establishing  a college can also<br \/>\n     be passed on to the students and if<br \/>\n     so, in what manner. Keeping in view<br \/>\n     the need,\tthe interest  of general<br \/>\n     public and\t of the nation, a policy<br \/>\n     decision may  be taken. It would be<br \/>\n     more  appropriate\tif  the\t Central<br \/>\n     Government\t and  these  authorities<br \/>\n     (U.G.C.,  I.M.C.\tand  A.I.C.T.E.)<br \/>\n     coordinate their efforts and evolve<br \/>\n     a broadly uniform criterion in this<br \/>\n     behalf.\tUntil\t  the\t Central<br \/>\n     Government,  U.G.C.,   I.M.C.   and<br \/>\n     A.I.C.T.E. issue orders\/regulations<br \/>\n     in\t this\tbehalf,\t the   Committee<br \/>\n     referred to  in the sub-para (a) of<br \/>\n     this para\tshall be  operative.  In<br \/>\n     other words, the working and orders<br \/>\n     of the  Committee shall  be subject<br \/>\n     to the  orders\/regulations,  issued<br \/>\n     by\t Central   Government,\t U.G.C.,<br \/>\n     I.M.C. or\tA.I.C.T.E., as\tthe case<br \/>\n     may be.&#8221;\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>2. Pursuant  to the  directions contained  in Paragraph 6, a<br \/>\ntentative exercise  was done  by the  authorities  including<br \/>\ncertain State  governments, which  was\tplaced\tbefore\tthis<br \/>\nCourt. This Court was however, not satisfied with the manner<br \/>\nin which  it was prepared and the unrealistically high level<br \/>\nof fees\t suggested. In\tthat view  of  the  matter,  certain<br \/>\ntentative orders  were passed  for the Academic Year 1993-94<br \/>\nincluding the  fees to\tbe charged by the said institutions.<br \/>\nThe Order  is dated  October 7,\t 1993, reported\t in 1993 (4)<br \/>\nS.C.C.276. The\tidea then  was that the authorities referred<br \/>\nto in  Paragraph 6  of the  Scheme shall  prepare  a  proper<br \/>\nscheme consistent  with the  ground realities  and that\t the<br \/>\nOrders dated  October 10,  1993 were to be only tentative in<br \/>\nnature. Since  no such\tscheme was  coming forward  from the<br \/>\nside of\t the authorities,  this Court  had no  option but to<br \/>\npass fresh set of orders with respect to Academic Year 1994-\n<\/p>\n<p>95. This  Order is  dated May 13, 1994, reported in 1994 (4)<br \/>\nS.C.C.728.  The\t situation  did\t not  improve  even  by\t the<br \/>\nAcademic Year  1995-96 and  hence, this Court was obliged to<br \/>\npass  yet  another  order  on  August  11,  1995  [1995\t (5)<br \/>\nS.C.C.220] applicable  for the\tAcademic Year  1995-96.\t The<br \/>\nfees fixed  for each  of the  academic years  varied  having<br \/>\nregard to the material placed by the parties before us.\n<\/p>\n<p>3.    On  May 10,  1996, this  Court  passed  another  Order<br \/>\nstating that  the orders  passed on  August  11,  1995\twith<br \/>\nrespect to Academic Year 1995-96 shall continue to apply for<br \/>\nthe next  academic year\t as well,  i.e., 1996-97. Even so, a<br \/>\nnumber\tof  Interlocutory  Applications\t are  filed  by\t the<br \/>\nvarious medical and engineering colleges, their associations<br \/>\nand other  persons seeking  a variety of directions. We have<br \/>\nheard the counsel. The following orders are made which shall<br \/>\nbe of  general application.  These directions  shall  be  in<br \/>\naddition to,  in continuation of and in clarification of the<br \/>\nearlier Orders\tincluding the Order dated 11th August, 1995,<br \/>\nas extended by Order dated 10th May, 1996.\n<\/p>\n<p>4(i)\t  It is directed that the fees fixed for each of the<br \/>\nAcademic  Years\t  1993-94,  1994-95  and  1995-96  shall  be<br \/>\nconfined  to   that  respective\t  year\tonly.\tBy  way\t  of<br \/>\nillustration, a\t student admitted  against a payment seat in<br \/>\nM.B.B.S. course\t for the-Academic  Year 1993-94 in a college<br \/>\nhaving its own hospital facility shall pay Rs.1.40 lakhs for<br \/>\nthat year.  For the  next academic  year, i.e.,\t 1994-95, he<br \/>\nshall pay only Rs.1.10 lakhs and for the Academic Year 1995-<br \/>\n96,  he\t  shall\t pay  only  Rupees  seventy  five  thousand.<br \/>\nSimilarly, for Academic Year 1996-97 too, he shall pay a sum<br \/>\nof  only  Rupees  seventy  five\t thousand.  This  does\tnot,<br \/>\nhowever, mean  that he\tshall be entitled to claim refund of<br \/>\nany part  of the  amount on  account of the fees paid by him<br \/>\nfor any\t of the\t said earlier years. The Order of this Court<br \/>\ndated 11.12.1995  in Interlocutory Application No.40 in Writ<br \/>\nPetition (C) No.317 of 1993 does not say otherwise and shall<br \/>\nnot be understood as directing otherwise.\n<\/p>\n<p>(ii)\t  The  fee   structure\tand   all  other  directions<br \/>\nprovided  in  this  Court&#8217;s  Order  dated  August  11,\t1995<br \/>\n[applicable for\t the Academic Year 1995-96] shall also apply<br \/>\nto and\tcontinue to apply for the Academic Year 1996-97. The<br \/>\nN.R.I. quota  and all  other particulars  shall be the same.<br \/>\nThere shall be on change in that behalf.\n<\/p>\n<p>(iii)\t  It is made clear that the Order dated May 10, 1996<br \/>\nshall  apply   to  all\t States\t including   the  State\t  of<br \/>\nMaharashtra. In\t other\twords,\tthe  Order  applies  to\t the<br \/>\nprofessional colleges in all the States, irrespective of the<br \/>\nfact whether  such colleges or the States are parties to the<br \/>\nsaid order or not.\n<\/p>\n<p>(iv)\t  It is made further clear that with effect from the<br \/>\nAcademic Year  1995-96 free seat students shall pay the fees<br \/>\nprescribed in  the Order  dated August\t11, 1995 even though<br \/>\nthese students\tmay have  been admitted\t during the Academic<br \/>\nYear 1993-94,  or for  that matter  during the Academic Year<br \/>\n1994-95.\n<\/p>\n<p>(v)\t  There\t shall\t be  no\t  change  in  the  fees\t for<br \/>\nengineering ,  colleges. The  N.R.I. quota  for\t them  shall<br \/>\nremain at five percent.\n<\/p>\n<p>(vi)\t  A request  is made  on behalf\t of the\t engineering<br \/>\ncolleges that  the governments, in particular, the Karnataka<br \/>\ngovernment should be directed to specify a last cut-off date<br \/>\nfor allotment of students, whether in free seats category or<br \/>\nin the\tpayment seats category and that if all the seats are<br \/>\nnot filled  up, in  any of the above categories, by the said<br \/>\nlast cut-off  dates the colleges should be left free to fill<br \/>\nup those seats on their own account and in their discretion.<br \/>\nGrievance is  made that\t on account  of non-specification of<br \/>\nsuch a\tlast  cut-off  dates  a\t number\t of  seats  in\tmany<br \/>\nengineering colleges  are remaining  vacant, particularly in<br \/>\nthe payment  seats category,  which is\tmaking it impossible<br \/>\nfor the\t colleges to function or to continue to functions as<br \/>\nthe case  may be.  this plea  is  rebutted  by\tthe  learned<br \/>\ncounsel appearing  for the  State of  Karnataka. The learned<br \/>\ncounsel\t for  the  State  contended  that  Rule\t 10  of\t the<br \/>\nKarnataka  Selection   of  Candidates\tfor   Admission\t  to<br \/>\nEngineering, Medical  and Dental  Courses  Rules,  1993,  as<br \/>\namended in  1996, fully\t safeguard the interests of colleges<br \/>\nand fully  allays the  apprehension and grievance aforesaid.<br \/>\nBy way\tof the said amendments it is pointed outs clause (g)<br \/>\nis added  in sub-rule  (3-A) of\t Rule 10  which reads:\t&#8220;(g)<br \/>\nAfter the  closing date\t for  admission,  as  fixed  by\t the<br \/>\nGovernment is  over, a\treconciliation meeting regarding the<br \/>\nnumber of  unfilled and\t un-allotted  seats  shall  be\theld<br \/>\nbetween\t the  C.E.T.  Cell,  The  Directorate  of  Technical<br \/>\nEducation,  Directorate\t  of  Medical\tEducation  and\t the<br \/>\nrespective colleges  and after identifying the vacant seats,<br \/>\nissue Notification  regarding such  seats by  the  concerned<br \/>\nDirectors. Such\t seats shall  be filled by the Colleges.&#8221; In<br \/>\nour opinions  the said clause is a salutary one. All that we<br \/>\nneed  to   add\tto  the\t said  clause  is  that\t the  action<br \/>\ncontemplated therein  shall be\ttaken within fifteen days of<br \/>\nthe closing date for admission. Any seats remaining unfilled<br \/>\nthereafter can\tbe filled  by the  management of the private<br \/>\nengineering colleges  on their\town and in their discretion.<br \/>\nThis direction shall not apply to medical\/dental colleges.\n<\/p>\n<p>(vii)\t  So far as the thirty five percent payment seats in<br \/>\nmedical colleges  in the  State of  Karnataka are  concerned<br \/>\n[i.e. after  providing for  fifteen percent  free seats\t and<br \/>\nfifteen percent\t N.R.I. quota the said seats shall be filled<br \/>\nin  the\t same  proportion  as  between\tKarnataka  and\tnon-<br \/>\nKarnataka students  as has  been specified  for the Academic<br \/>\nYear 1995-96 viz., twenty percent for Karnataka students and<br \/>\nfifteen percent\t for non-Karnataka  students. It  is further<br \/>\ndirected that  if any  of the  seats in twenty percent meant<br \/>\nfor Karnataka  students remain\tvacants they shall be filled<br \/>\nby students  from  among  the  non-Karnataka  students.\t The<br \/>\nallotment of  the students  shall be  governed by  the\t1993<br \/>\nAdmission Rules of Karnataka aforesaid.\n<\/p>\n<p>5.   We must  express our  distress at\tthe inaction  of the<br \/>\nauthorities pursuant to Para 6 of the Scheme aforementioned.<br \/>\nThough a  period of  more than\tthree years  have passed  by<br \/>\nsince  the   decision  in   unnikrishnan,  the\t authorities<br \/>\nmentioned in the said paragraph have not come forward with a<br \/>\nworkable, realistic  and just fee structure, with the result<br \/>\nthat year after years this Court is practically being forced<br \/>\nto fix\tthe tee on a tentative basis. Fixing the fees is not<br \/>\nthe function  of this  Court. It  is  the  function  of\t the<br \/>\nGovernment, the\t affiliating Universities  and the statutory<br \/>\nprofessional  bodies  likes  University\t Grants\t Commission,<br \/>\nIndian Medical\tCouncil and  All-India Council for Technical<br \/>\nEducation. Atleast  now, we expect the concerned authorities<br \/>\nto move\t in  the  matter  with\tpromptitude  and  evolve  an<br \/>\nappropriate fee structure. While doing so, it is made clear,<br \/>\nthey shall  not feel  shackled by  the Orders  made by\tthis<br \/>\nCourt from  time to time relating to fee structure. It shall<br \/>\nbe open\t to them  to evolve such fee structure as they think<br \/>\nappropriate, in\t such terms,  and subject to such conditions<br \/>\nas they\t feel are in the interests of the student community,<br \/>\nthe private  professional colleges  as also  in\t public\t and<br \/>\nnational interest.  We hope and trust that the fee structure<br \/>\nto be  evolved by  them would  take into  consideration\t the<br \/>\nground realities  and would  be realistic and practical from<br \/>\nthe point  of view  of\tall  concerned.\t In  particular,  we<br \/>\nrequest the  Central Government,  including the\t Ministry of<br \/>\nEducation [Ministry  of Human Resources Development] to take<br \/>\nimmediate steps\t to convene  a meeting\tof all the concerned<br \/>\nauthorities as contemplated by Paragraph 6 of the Scheme and<br \/>\nensure that  a proper  fee  structure  is  evolved  for\t the<br \/>\nmedical, dental\t and  engineering  colleges  throughout\t the<br \/>\ncountry. It shall be open to the authorities to fix separate<br \/>\nfee structure  for each\t of the\t State, if  such a course is<br \/>\nwarranted.\n<\/p>\n<p>     It may also be open to the authorities to fix different<br \/>\nfee structure having regard to the location of the colleges,<br \/>\nto with\t a college  in the  city of  Bombay may be allowed a<br \/>\ndifferent level of fees than a similar college [with similar<br \/>\nfacilities] situated  in a  rural area.\t To  reiterate,\t the<br \/>\nCentral Government  and the  authorities concerned  shall be<br \/>\nfree to\t evolve the fee structure in such appropriate manner<br \/>\nas they\t think just  and equitable to all concerned. We hope<br \/>\nand trust  that this  would be done within a period of three<br \/>\nmonths from  today and\tthe matter  brought to the notice of<br \/>\nthis Court  forthwith. We  wish to  make it  clear that with<br \/>\neffect from  the Academic  Year 1997-98,  it  shall  be\t the<br \/>\nresponsibility of the authorities aforesaid to prescribe the<br \/>\nfee payable in these colleges.\n<\/p>\n<p>6.   So far  as the  modification of the scheme contained in<br \/>\nUnnikrishnan is\t concerned, that  is a matter pending before<br \/>\nthis Court  separately. Probably that may have to be done by<br \/>\na larger  Bench as  indicated in  one of  earlier orders. We<br \/>\nare, therefore, not making any directions in that behalf.\n<\/p>\n<p>7.   Ordered accordingly. All the Interlocutory Applications<br \/>\nare  disposed  of.  these  orders  are\tto  be\tcommunicated<br \/>\nforthwith to  the  Secretary,  Ministry\t of  Human  Resource<br \/>\nDevelopments Government\t of India  and the Chief Secretaries<br \/>\nto  all\t  State\t  governments,\t Administrators\t  of   Union<br \/>\nterritories as\twell as to the University Grants Commissions<br \/>\nIndian Medical\tCouncil,  All-India  Council  for  Technical<br \/>\nEducation and Indian Dental Council.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India T.M.A. Pai Foundation &amp; Ors. Etc vs State Of Karnataka &amp; Ors. Etc on 9 August, 1996 Equivalent citations: 1996 SCC (5) 8, 1996 SCALE (5)666 Author: K Singh Bench: Kuldip Singh (J) PETITIONER: T.M.A. PAI FOUNDATION &amp; ORS. ETC. Vs. RESPONDENT: STATE OF KARNATAKA &amp; ORS. ETC. DATE OF JUDGMENT: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27483","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>T.M.A. Pai Foundation &amp; Ors. Etc vs State Of Karnataka &amp; Ors. 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