{"id":2985,"date":"2007-06-21T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2007-06-20T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/kulwant-singh-kulbansh-singh-vs-state-of-bihar-on-21-june-2007"},"modified":"2017-02-13T17:31:52","modified_gmt":"2017-02-13T12:01:52","slug":"kulwant-singh-kulbansh-singh-vs-state-of-bihar-on-21-june-2007","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/kulwant-singh-kulbansh-singh-vs-state-of-bihar-on-21-june-2007","title":{"rendered":"Kulwant Singh @ Kulbansh Singh vs State Of Bihar on 21 June, 2007"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">Kulwant Singh @ Kulbansh Singh vs State Of Bihar on 21 June, 2007<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: . A Pasayat<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: Dr. Arijit Pasayat, D.K. Jain<\/div>\n<pre>           CASE NO.:\nAppeal (crl.)  834 of 2007\n\nPETITIONER:\nKulwant Singh @ Kulbansh Singh\n\nRESPONDENT:\nState of Bihar\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT: 21\/06\/2007\n\nBENCH:\nDr. ARIJIT PASAYAT &amp; D.K. JAIN\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>J U D G M E N T <\/p>\n<p>CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.   834        OF 2007<br \/>\n(Arising out of SLP (Crl.) NO. 5104 of 2006)<\/p>\n<p>Dr. ARIJIT PASAYAT, J.\n<\/p>\n<p>1.\tLeave granted.\n<\/p>\n<p>2.\tChallenge in this appeal is to the order passed by a<br \/>\nDivision Bench of Patna High Court. Appeals filed by the<br \/>\nappellant and two co-accused were dismissed by a common<br \/>\njudgment.\n<\/p>\n<p>3.\tAccused Uma Shankar was charged for commission of<br \/>\noffence punishable under Section 302 of the Indian Penal<br \/>\nCode, 1860 (in short the &#8216;IPC&#8217;) for having committed murder of<br \/>\nManji Singh (hereinafter referred to as the &#8216;deceased&#8217;). Accused<br \/>\nappellant Kulwant Singh and Awadh Singh were charged in<br \/>\nterms of Section 302 read with Section 109 IPC for having<br \/>\nabetted the aforesaid murder of the deceased by Uma<br \/>\nShankar. The trial Court found that the accusations have been<br \/>\nestablished against the accused persons, Kulwant and Awadh<br \/>\nand accordingly sentenced each for life for the offence<br \/>\npunishable under Section 302 read with Section 109 IPC.\n<\/p>\n<p>4.\tBefore the High Court the basic stand of the appellants<br \/>\nwas that there was absolutely no motive for the gruesome<br \/>\ncrime. The first information report (in short the &#8216;FIR&#8217;) has not<br \/>\nbeen proved to have been filed in the manner as claimed. The<br \/>\nHigh Court found the evidence to be cogent and credible and<br \/>\nheld that no interference was called for.\n<\/p>\n<p>5.\tBackground facts in a nutshell are as follows:<br \/>\n\tManji Singh (hereinafter referred to as &#8216;the deceased&#8217;)<br \/>\nwho was a teacher in a non-affiliated Sanskrit School had<br \/>\nsuffered expulsion from the Institution. Accused-appellant and<br \/>\ntwo co-accused and the deceased were agnates and they were<br \/>\nseparate in mess and business from each other and were<br \/>\nresiding in houses adjacent to each other. As usually happens,<br \/>\nthere had been paltry dispute between females of the two<br \/>\nfamilies and as a fall out, after the said incident it was alleged<br \/>\nthat while the deceased was feeding cattle near his house,<br \/>\naccused Uma Shankar Singh hurled abuses on him, pursuant<br \/>\nto which accused appellant Kulwant Singh and accused<br \/>\nAwadh Singh came out and exhorted Umashankar Singh to<br \/>\nshoot. As for Umashankar Singh it was alleged that shortly<br \/>\nthereafter he having brought one barrel gun from his house,<br \/>\npumped bullets in the chest of the deceased who dropped on<br \/>\nthe ground. Though all efforts were made by the family of the<br \/>\ndeceased for his survival before he could be admitted to Ara<br \/>\nSadar Hospital, where he was taken by the family members,<br \/>\nhe was declared dead and with these accusations fardbeyan of<br \/>\nKariman Singh was recorded by Shri S.N. Tiwary, ASI of Ara<br \/>\nTown Police Station, following which formal First Information<br \/>\nReport was drawn up at the Police Station. Investigation was<br \/>\nundertaken. Charges were framed and accused faced trial.\n<\/p>\n<p>As noted above, trial Court convicted the accused which<br \/>\nwas upheld by the High Court.\n<\/p>\n<p>6.\tIn support of the appeal, learned counsel for the<br \/>\nappellant submitted that the relatives of the deceased who are<br \/>\nthe so called eye witnesses lodged the first information report<br \/>\nand conviction cannot be made on the evidence of the<br \/>\nrelatives. PW-1 was the wife of the deceased. PW-2 and PW-3<br \/>\nwho claimed to be eye witnesses were also relatives of the<br \/>\ndeceased.\n<\/p>\n<p>7.\tLearned counsel for the State submitted that merely<br \/>\nbecause the eye witnesses are relatives of the deceased, their<br \/>\nevidence should not be discarded and after detailed analysis<br \/>\nthe trial Court and the High Court have found the prosecution<br \/>\nversion cogent.\n<\/p>\n<p>8.\tIt is to be noted that PWs 2 and 3 are neighbours of both<br \/>\nthe accused and the deceased. No foundation was laid to<br \/>\nsubstantiate the allegation that the relatives had any special<br \/>\nreason to depose in favour of the prosecution. Since PWs 2<br \/>\nand 3 are neighbours of the accused and the deceased, the<br \/>\nquestion of their being partial to prosecution does not arise.<br \/>\nThat being so,  there is no  question to discard the veracity of<br \/>\nthe  prosecution version. The evidence of PWs 2 and 3 was<br \/>\ncogent and the courts below have rightly relied upon their<br \/>\nevidence.\n<\/p>\n<p>9.\tThere is no proposition in law that relatives are to be<br \/>\ntreated as untruthful witnesses. On the contrary, reason has<br \/>\nto be shown when a plea of partiality is raised to show that the<br \/>\nwitnesses had reason to shield the actual culprit and falsely<br \/>\nimplicate the accused. No evidence has been led in this regard.\n<\/p>\n<p>10. \tSection 109 IPC reads as follows:-\n<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;109- PUNISHMENT OF ABETMENT IF THE<br \/>\nACT ABETTED IS COMMITTED IN<br \/>\nCONSEQUENCE AND WHERE NO EXPRESS<br \/>\nPROVISION IS MADE FOR ITS PUNISHMENT.\n<\/p>\n<p>Whoever abets any offence shall, if the<br \/>\nact abetted is committed in consequence of the<br \/>\nabetment and no express provision is made by<br \/>\nthis Code for the punishment of such<br \/>\nabetment, be punished with the punishment<br \/>\nprovided for the offence.\n<\/p>\n<p>Explanation : An act or offence is said to be<br \/>\ncommitted in consequence of abetment, when<br \/>\nit is committed in consequence of the<br \/>\ninstigation, or in pursuance of the conspiracy,<br \/>\nor with the aid which constitutes the<br \/>\nabetment.\n<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\tIllustrations<\/p>\n<p>(a)\tA offers a bribe to B, a public servant, as<br \/>\na reward for showing A some favour in<br \/>\nthe exercise of B&#8217;s official functions. B<br \/>\naccepts the bribe. A has abetted the<br \/>\noffence defined in section 161.\n<\/p>\n<p>(b)\tA instigates B to give false evidence. B in<br \/>\nconsequence of the instigation, commits<br \/>\nthat offence. A is guilty of abetting that<br \/>\noffence, and is liable to the same<br \/>\npunishment as B.\n<\/p>\n<p>(c)\tA and B conspire to poison Z. A in<br \/>\npursuance of the conspiracy, procures<br \/>\nthe poison and delivers it to B in order<br \/>\nthat he may administer it to Z. B, in<br \/>\npursuant of the conspiracy, administers<br \/>\nthe poison to Z in A&#8217;s absence and<br \/>\nthereby causes Z&#8217;s death. Here B is guilty<br \/>\nof murder. A is guilty of abetting that<br \/>\noffence by conspiracy, and is liable to the<br \/>\npunishment for murder.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<p>11. Where a person aids and abets the perpetrator of a crime at<br \/>\nthe very time the crime is committed, he is a principal of the<br \/>\nsecond degree and section 109 applies.  But mere failure to<br \/>\nprevent the commission of an offence is not by itself an<br \/>\nabetment of that offence.  Considering  the definition in Section<br \/>\n109 strictly, the instigation must have reference to the thing<br \/>\nthat was done and not to the thing that was likely to have been<br \/>\ndone by the person who is instigated.  It is only if this condition<br \/>\nis fulfilled that a person can be guilty of abetment by<br \/>\ninstigation. Section 109 is attracted even if the abettor is not<br \/>\npresent when the offence abetted is committed provided that he<br \/>\nhad instigated the commission of the offence or has engaged<br \/>\nwith one or more other persons in a conspiracy to commit an<br \/>\noffence and pursuant to the conspiracy some act or illegal<br \/>\nomission takes place or has been intentionally induced the<br \/>\ncommission of an offence by an act or illegal omission. In the<br \/>\nabsence of direct involvement, conviction for abetment is not<br \/>\nsustainable. <a href=\"\/doc\/1389942\/\">(See Joseph Kurian v. State of Kerala. (AIR<\/a> 1994<br \/>\nSC 34)<\/p>\n<p>12.\tSection 109 provides that if the act abetted is committed<br \/>\nin consequence of abetment and there is no provision for the<br \/>\npunishment of such abetment then the offender is to be<br \/>\npunished with the punishment provided for the original<br \/>\noffence.  Section 109 applies even where the abettor is not<br \/>\npresent.  Active abetment at the time of committing the offence<br \/>\nis covered by Section 109.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tAct abetted in Section 109 means the specific offence<br \/>\nabetted. Mere help in the preparation for the commission of an<br \/>\noffence which is not ultimately committed is not abetment<br \/>\nwithin the meaning of Section l09. &#8220;Any offence&#8221; in Section<br \/>\n109 means offence punishable under the IPC or  any Special<br \/>\nor Local law. The abetment of an offence under the Special or<br \/>\nLocal law, therefore, is punishable under Section 109. I.P.C.<br \/>\nFor constituting offence of abetment, intentional and active<br \/>\nparticipation by the abettor is necessary.\n<\/p>\n<p>13. There is a distinction between Section 109 and Section\n<\/p>\n<p>114. Section 114 applies where a criminal first abets an<br \/>\noffence to be committed by another person, and is<br \/>\nsubsequently present at its commission. Active abetment at<br \/>\nthe time of committing the offence is covered by Section 109.<br \/>\nand Section 114 is clearly intended for an abetment previous<br \/>\nto the actual commission of the crime, that is before the first<br \/>\nsteps have been taken to commit it.\n<\/p>\n<p>Section 114 is not applicable in every case in which the<br \/>\nabettor is present at the commission of the offence abetted.<br \/>\nWhile Section 109 is a section dealing generally with<br \/>\nabetment, Section 114 applies to those cases only in which not<br \/>\nonly is the abettor present at the time of the commission of the<br \/>\noffence but abetment has been committed prior to and<br \/>\nindependently of his presence.\n<\/p>\n<p>14.\tWhen the factual scenario is tested on the background of<br \/>\nprinciples of law set out above, it is clear that Section 109 IPC<br \/>\nhas clear application.\n<\/p>\n<p>15.\tThe appeal is sans merit, deserves to be dismissed which<br \/>\nwe direct.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India Kulwant Singh @ Kulbansh Singh vs State Of Bihar on 21 June, 2007 Author: . A Pasayat Bench: Dr. Arijit Pasayat, D.K. Jain CASE NO.: Appeal (crl.) 834 of 2007 PETITIONER: Kulwant Singh @ Kulbansh Singh RESPONDENT: State of Bihar DATE OF JUDGMENT: 21\/06\/2007 BENCH: Dr. ARIJIT PASAYAT &amp; D.K. JAIN [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2985","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Kulwant Singh @ Kulbansh Singh vs State Of Bihar on 21 June, 2007 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/kulwant-singh-kulbansh-singh-vs-state-of-bihar-on-21-june-2007\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kulwant Singh @ Kulbansh Singh vs State Of Bihar on 21 June, 2007 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; 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