{"id":33023,"date":"2002-07-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2002-07-17T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/v-hariharan-vs-state-by-cbi-on-18-july-2002"},"modified":"2018-02-26T17:25:17","modified_gmt":"2018-02-26T11:55:17","slug":"v-hariharan-vs-state-by-cbi-on-18-july-2002","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/v-hariharan-vs-state-by-cbi-on-18-july-2002","title":{"rendered":"V. Hariharan vs State By Cbi on 18 July, 2002"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Madras High Court<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">V. Hariharan vs State By Cbi on 18 July, 2002<\/div>\n<pre>       \n\n  \n\n  \n\n \n \n In the High Court of Judicature at Madras\n\nDated: 18\/07\/2002\n\nCoram\n\nThe Honourable Mr. Justice A.K. RAJAN\n\nCrl. Appeal No. 338 of 1991 and  Crl. Appeal No. 443 of 1991\n\n\n\nV. Hariharan                           Appellant in C.A.338 of 1991\nM.G. Radhakrishnan                      Appellant in C.A.443 of 1991\n\n\n-Vs-\n\nSTATE by CBI                           Respondent in both the appeals\n\n\n                        Appeal filed under Section 374 (2) of Code of Criminal\nProcedure against the order  of  conviction  of  appellants  by  learned  VIII\nAdditional Sessions  Judge, Madras dated 22.04.1991 and made in C.C.No.  57 of\n1978.\n\n\n!For appellants :  Mr.  K.S.  Rajagopalan\n                in C.A.No.  338 of 1991\n                Mr.  Asokan Senior Counsel\n                for Mr.  C.R.  Suthandram\n                in C.A.No.  443 of 1991\n\n^For respondent :  Mr.  E.  Joseph R.  Daniel\n                Spl.  Public Prosecutor for\n                CBI cases in both the appeals\n\n:J U D G M E N T\n<\/pre>\n<p>                These are the appeals filed against the order of conviction of<br \/>\nA2 and A1, respectively, for offences under<\/p>\n<p>Sections 120 B, 420, 409 of Indian Penal Code and  Section  5  (2)  read  with<br \/>\n5(1)(d)  of  Act II of 1947, on various charges and sentencing them to undergo<br \/>\nrigorous imprisonment for three  years  and  also  to  pay  a  total  fine  of<br \/>\nRs.5000\/- and Rs.10,100\/-, respectively.\n<\/p>\n<p>                2.   Originally,  there  were  three  accused before the trial<br \/>\nCourt.  The trial Court acquitted A.3 of all the charges.  A.1 was the Manager<br \/>\nof the State Bank of Hyderabad.  A2 was the friend of A.1 and customer of  the<br \/>\nbank.  A.3 was the wife of A.2.\n<\/p>\n<p>                3.   The  case  of the prosecution is that A1 to A3 along with<br \/>\nsome other persons entered into criminal conspiracy during the year  1975  \u201476<br \/>\nto cheat the State Bank of Hyderabad, Indra Nagar Branch and others, to commit<br \/>\ncriminal  misconduct by abuse of official position by corrupt or illegal means<br \/>\nor by otherwise and obtain pecuniary advantage, and to commit criminal  breach<br \/>\nof  trust in respect of the funds of the State Bank of Hyderabad, Indira Nagar<br \/>\nBranch by A.2 and A.3, by opening accounts on various  names  and  in  various<br \/>\nbanks,  including  the State Bank of Hyderabad, Indra Nagar Branch in the name<br \/>\nof fictitious persons and cheques  issued  by  such  fictitious  persons  were<br \/>\ncredited  into  the  account of A.2 and A.3, in the names of friends of A2 and<br \/>\nA.3 and also in  the  name  of  certain  fictitious  firms  and  thereby  they<br \/>\ncommitted offence punishable under Section 120 B read with Section 420 and 409<br \/>\nof  Indian Penal Code, Section 5 (2) read with Sections 5 (2) (d) of Act II of<br \/>\n1947.\n<\/p>\n<p>                        4.  The trial Court  framed  about  39  charges  under<br \/>\nvarious heads.    After trial, the trial Court found A.1 not guilty of certain<br \/>\ncharges (ie) charge Nos.  10,11,14,15 and 18, but convicted him in respect  of<br \/>\nother charges.   The  trial Cour all the charges.  A.2 was found guilty of the<br \/>\ncharges punishable under Section 120 B read with Section 420  IPC,  Section  5<br \/>\n(2)  read  with  5  (2)(d)  of  Act  II  of Act 1947 and consequently, imposed<br \/>\nsentence of imprisonment for three years  RI  and  a  fine  of  Rs.5000\/-  and<br \/>\nRs.10,100\/-, respectively.\n<\/p>\n<p>                5.   From  the  evidence  of  the prosecution witnesses, it is<br \/>\nfound that accounts  were  started  in  fictitious  firms&#8217;  names,  viz,  M\/s.<br \/>\nGrowell Indusries  showing  as one &#8220;S.  Radhakrishnan&#8221; as the proprietor, M\/s.<br \/>\nBalajee Industries, M\/s.  Ramesh Enterprises, M\/s.    Versatile  Plastice  and<br \/>\nM\/s.  Seagul, etc.<\/p>\n<p>                6.   On  15.03.1976  and  16.03.1976,  two  cheques under Exs.<br \/>\nP.148 and P.149 for sum of  Rs.31,000\/-  and  Rs.41,000\/-,  respectively  were<br \/>\ncredited into  the  accounts  of  A2  before  it  was being cleared.  A.2 gave<br \/>\ndifferent cheques which  were  credited  to  the  accounts  of  M\/s.    Growel<br \/>\nIndustries &amp; M\/s.  Ramesh enterprises etc.<\/p>\n<p>                7.  The modus operandi of the accused is that the cheques were<br \/>\nissued by  fictitious persons either in the name of M\/s.  Growel Industries or<br \/>\nM\/s.  Ramesh Enterprises, were credited into the accounts of A.2  and  A.3  by<br \/>\nEx.A.1  even  before it was sent for collection and passed by the other banks.<br \/>\nBy using such method of crediting the cheques issued  by  those  persons,  A.1<br \/>\nfacilitated  A.2  and  A.3  to  make  use of those amounts credited into their<br \/>\naccounts.  Subsequently, some of the cheques  sent  for  collection  were  not<br \/>\nhonoured;  few  cheques  have  been  repeatedly  sent for collection, remained<br \/>\ndishonoured for a considerable period.  By this process of &#8220;kite flying&#8221;,  A.2<br \/>\nand A.3 had the advantage of cash liquidity to the tune of Rs.1.5 lakhs in the<br \/>\nyear 1975 The lower Court found A.1 guilty of charges under Section 120-B read<br \/>\nwith Section 420 and 409 of Indian Penal Code.\n<\/p>\n<p>                8.   Learned  counsel  appearing  for the appellants submitted<br \/>\nthat there is no loss incurred by the bank .  Entire amount has been realised.<br \/>\nA.1 was only doing the act in accordance with the procedures followed  in  the<br \/>\nbank.   Discounting a cheque is one of the recognised services rendered by the<br \/>\nbanks, that is what A.1 did in this case also.  It was only bona  fide  action<br \/>\nnot with any intention of cheating the bank.  Therefore, A.1 cannot be held to<br \/>\nbe guilty  of  offence.    It  is  seen  from  the  evidence  that A.1 had not<br \/>\ndiscounted the cheques.  The entire amount as found in the  cheques  has  been<br \/>\ncredited.   In  case of discount, a commission has to be deducted, which would<br \/>\ngo as income to the bank.  But this was not done.   Therefore,  it  is  not  a<br \/>\nregular service  rendered  by  the  banks.   Further, these cheques were local<br \/>\ncheques which cannot be discounted as spoken to by  P.W.24.    Therefore,  the<br \/>\nargument  of  the  learned  counsel  for  the  appellants  that  it is only an<br \/>\ninnocuous act which is one of the service rendered to the  customers,  is  not<br \/>\nacceptable.\n<\/p>\n<p>                9.   Learned  counsel  further  argued  that the entire amount<br \/>\ntogether with  interest  on  the  dishonoured  cheques  have  been  collected.<br \/>\nTherefore,  there  is  no  loss caused to the banks at all and, therefore, the<br \/>\ncharge under Sections 5(2) read with 5(2)(c) &amp; (d) of Act II of 1947 ,  cannot<br \/>\nbe said  to  have been made out.  Since the amount has been repaid, the charge<br \/>\nunder Section 420 of Indian Penal Code also cannot be sustained.\n<\/p>\n<p>                10.  It is true that ultimately the bank has not sustained any<br \/>\nloss since the entire amount has been credited to the  bank  account  together<br \/>\nwith interest.At the same time by indigenous method followed by A.1, namely by<br \/>\ncrediting  the  cheques  issued  in fictitious names, immediately without even<br \/>\ndiscounting the cheques, is not permissible under  the  rules  of  the  banks.<br \/>\nFurther,  local  cheques  cannot be discounted at all; local cheques cannot be<br \/>\ncredited unless it has been passed by drawee the bank.  This is spoken  to  by<br \/>\nP.W.24.   It  is  proved  by  the records that A.1 has credited cheques in the<br \/>\naccount of A.2 without  waiting  for  any  reply  from  the  other  bank,  and<br \/>\nultimtely, those  cheques  were  dishonoured.  Therefore, immediately the bank<br \/>\ndid not get the amount credited into the account of A.2 by  A.1,  thereby  the<br \/>\nbank  was  made  to  sustain  a loss during the period when the amount was not<br \/>\nactually honoured by other banks and thereby the bank has been made to  suffer<br \/>\na loss  over a period of time.  This action of A.1 definitely attracts Section<br \/>\n420 of Indian Penal Code since it is found that all the six concerns in  whose<br \/>\nnames  cheques were issued and credited in the account of A.2, were fictitious<br \/>\nand non-existence and this fact was known to A.1.  But  yet  he  has  credited<br \/>\nthese amounts in the account of A.2.  Therefore, the charges under Section 120<br \/>\nB  read  with Sections 420 and 409 IPC are proved beyond any reasonable doubt.<br \/>\nThe lower appellate Court was right in  convicting  the  accused  under  these<br \/>\nsections.   Therefore,  the conviction of these accused under these offence is<br \/>\nlegal and valid.\n<\/p>\n<p>                11.  Learned counsel appearing for the accused submitted  that<br \/>\nregarding sentence of A.1 is concerned, he has been dismissed from service and<br \/>\nfurther more, he underwent open heart surgery.  A.2 is aged about 60 years and<br \/>\nis also  sick.   Since the occurrence took place in the year 1975\u201476, and also<br \/>\ntaking into account the fact that entire amount has been repaid by  them  with<br \/>\ninterest, some indulgence should be shown regarding sentence.\n<\/p>\n<p>                12.  The occurrence took place in this case some time  in  the<br \/>\nyear 1  975\u201476, we are now after 26 years.  Considering this fact and also the<br \/>\nfact that entire amount had been paid to the bank by the accused together with<br \/>\ninterest, since there is no loss sustained  by  the  bank  and  A.1  has  been<br \/>\ndismissed  from service already, and he had also underwent open heart surgery,<br \/>\nthis Court is of the view that they need not  be  sent  back  to  jail  again;<br \/>\ntherefore,  the  imprisonment  imposed  by  the  trial  Court  is  reduced  to<br \/>\nimprisonment till the raising of the Court.   In  view  of  the  reduction  of<br \/>\nsentence,  an additional fine of Rs.5 000\/-(Rupees five thousand only) each is<br \/>\nimposed on A.1 and A.2.  The accused are  directed  to  appear  before  the  X<br \/>\nSpecial Sessions Judge\/ Additional Special Judge, CBI Cases, on or before 19th<br \/>\nof August, 2002 and pay the above said additional fine before the said Court.\n<\/p>\n<p>                13.  With these modifications, the appeal is dismissed.\n<\/p>\n<p>A.K.  RAJAN.,J.\n<\/p>\n<p>18.07.2002<\/p>\n<p>Index:  Yes<br \/>\nInternet Yes<\/p>\n<p>kvsg<\/p>\n<p>To\n<\/p>\n<p>1) The VIII Addl.  Sessions Judge, Madras.\n<\/p>\n<p>2) The VIII Addl.  Sessions Judge, Madras through the<br \/>\nPrincipal Sessions Judge, Madras.\n<\/p>\n<p>3) X Additional Special Judge for CBI Cases, Madras.\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">Crl.  Appeal Nos.  338<\/span><\/p>\n<p>and<br \/>\n443 of 1991<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Madras High Court V. Hariharan vs State By Cbi on 18 July, 2002 In the High Court of Judicature at Madras Dated: 18\/07\/2002 Coram The Honourable Mr. Justice A.K. RAJAN Crl. Appeal No. 338 of 1991 and Crl. Appeal No. 443 of 1991 V. Hariharan Appellant in C.A.338 of 1991 M.G. Radhakrishnan Appellant in C.A.443 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33023","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-high-court","category-madras-high-court"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>V. 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