{"id":43063,"date":"1992-07-31T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1992-07-30T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/hyderkhan-vs-meharunnissa-on-31-july-1992"},"modified":"2017-12-19T02:26:49","modified_gmt":"2017-12-18T20:56:49","slug":"hyderkhan-vs-meharunnissa-on-31-july-1992","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/hyderkhan-vs-meharunnissa-on-31-july-1992","title":{"rendered":"Hyderkhan vs Meharunnissa on 31 July, 1992"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Kerala High Court<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">Hyderkhan vs Meharunnissa on 31 July, 1992<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_citations\">Equivalent citations: 1993 CriLJ 236, II (1992) DMC 382<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: P Pillay<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: P Pillay<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<pre><\/pre>\n<p>JUDGMENT<\/p>\n<p>Pareed Pillay, J.<\/p>\n<p>1. Petitioner challenges the order of the Additional<br \/>\nSessions Judge, Palakkad in Crl. R.P. 14 of 1990 confirming the order of the<br \/>\nChief Judicial Magistrate, Palakkad in M.C. 6 of 1989. The M.C. was filed<br \/>\nUnder Section 3 of the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act,<br \/>\n1986 by the respondent.\n<\/p>\n<p>2. Respondent was married by the petitioner on 26.3.1980. Due to<br \/>\nestrangement between them the marital relationship was snapped. Divorce<br \/>\nwas effected on 26.10.1980. In the wedlock a male child was born to the<br \/>\nrespondent on 22.2.1981. Learned Chief Judicial Magistrate awarded altogether<br \/>\nRs. 24,000\/- to the respondent. This has been confirmed by the learned Additional Sessions Judge holding that it is not possible to hold that the amount<br \/>\nawarded by the Chief Judicial Magistrate is excessive.\n<\/p>\n<p>3. Contention of the petitioner is that the respondent was divorced on<br \/>\n26.10.1980 and as the divorce was before the commencement of the Muslim<br \/>\nWomen (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986, (for short &#8216;the Act&#8217;) she<br \/>\nis not entitled to any benefit under the Act.\n<\/p>\n<p>4. The short question that arises for consideration is as to whether the<br \/>\nAct is retrospective or not.\n<\/p>\n<p>5. The cardinal principle is that every statute is prima facie prospective unless is expressly or by necessary implication made to have retrospective operation. The Supreme Court held in <a href=\"\/doc\/1550631\/\">Mithilesh Kumari v. Perm Behari<br \/>\nKhare, (AIR<\/a> 1989 SC 1247) that a retrospective operation is not to be given to<br \/>\na statute so as to impair existing right or obligation, otherwise than as regards<br \/>\nmatter of procedure unless that effect cannot be avoided without doing<br \/>\nviolence to the language of the enactment. Before applying a statute retrospectively the Court has to be satisfied that the statute is in fact retrospective<br \/>\nThe Supreme Court further held that the laws made justly and for the benefit<br \/>\nof individuals and the community as a whole may relate to a time antecedent<br \/>\nto their commencement and that the presumption against retrospectivity may<br \/>\nin such cases be rebutted by necessary implication from the language employed<br \/>\nin the statute. It is not possible to hold as an invariable rule that a statute<br \/>\ncould not be retrospective unless so expressed in the very terms of the Section<br \/>\nwhich had to be construed. Mere non-mention is the statute that it is<br \/>\nretrospective is not sufficient to hold that the statute has only prospective<br \/>\noperation.\n<\/p>\n<p>6. The Act is a declaratory one. The presumption against retrospective operation will not apply to declaratory statutes. The preamble of the<br \/>\nAct sheds sufficient light as to whether it is prospective or retrospective the<br \/>\npreamble reads :\n<\/p>\n<p> &#8220;An Act to protect the rights of Muslim women who have been<br \/>\ndivorced by, or have obtained divorce from, their husbands and to<br \/>\nprovide for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<p>From the preamble it is very clear that the Act applies to Muslim women who<br \/>\nhave been divorced or have obtained divorce from their husbands. From<br \/>\na reading of the Act it is not possible to discern that it has only prospective<br \/>\noperation.\n<\/p>\n<p>7. Divorced woman has been defined Under Section 2 of the Act.<br \/>\n&#8220;Divorced woman&#8221; means a Muslim woman who was married according to<br \/>\nMuslim law, and has been divorced by, or has obtained divorce from, her husband in accordance with Muslim law. It is not possible to hold that Muslim<br \/>\nhusband&#8217;s liability to provide for reasonable and fair provision and maintenance to his divorced wife originates only from the Act. It is a duty ordained<br \/>\nby Holy Koran enjoins the husband to provide reasonable and fair provision<br \/>\nand maintenance to his divorced wife. The following passages from various<br \/>\neditions and translations of the Holy Koran are relevant in this context :\n<\/p>\n<p>The Holy Koran Translation by Abdullah Yusuf Ali at page 96 :\n<\/p>\n<p>Ayat No. 241-For divorced women <\/p>\n<p>Maintenance (should be provided) <\/p>\n<p>On a reasonable (scale) <\/p>\n<p>This is a duty on the righteous.\n<\/p>\n<p>Ayat No. 242-Thus doth God <\/p>\n<p>Make clear His Signs <\/p>\n<p>To you : in order that Ye may understand<\/p>\n<p>The Quran by Md. Zafrullah Khan (page 38)<br \/>\n For divorced women also there shall be provision according to what<br \/>\nis fair. This is an obligation binding on the righteous. This does<br \/>\nAllah make His Commandments clear to you that you may<br \/>\nunderstand.\n<\/p>\n<p>The meaning of Quran (Vol. I) published by Board of Islamic Publications,<br \/>\nDelhi :\n<\/p>\n<p>Ayat 240-241&#8211;Those of you, who shall die and leave wives behind<br \/>\nthem, should make a will to the effect that they should be provided<br \/>\nwith a year&#8217;s maintenance and should not be turned out of their<br \/>\nhomes. But if they leave their homes of their own accord, you shall<br \/>\nnot be answerable for whatever they choose for themselves in a fair<br \/>\nway, Allah is All-Powerful, All-wise. Like-wise, the divorced<br \/>\nwomen should also be given something in accordance with the<br \/>\nknown fair standard. This is an obligation upon the God-fearing<br \/>\npeople.\n<\/p>\n<p>Ayat 242&#8211;Thus Allah makes clear His Commandments for you :\n<\/p>\n<p>It is expected that you will use your commonsense.\n<\/p>\n<p>Running commentary of the Holy Quran (1964 Edn.) by Dr. Allanadh Khadim<br \/>\nRahmani Nuri:\n<\/p>\n<p> Ayat 241-And for the divorced woman (also) a provision (should be<br \/>\nmade) with fairness (in addition to her dower); (This is) a duty<br \/>\n(incumbent) on the reverent.\n<\/p>\n<p>Holy Quran&#8211;Translated by Mohammed Ali :\n<\/p>\n<p> Ayat 241&#8211;And for the divorced woman, provision (must be made)<br \/>\nin kindness. This is incumbent on those who have regard for<br \/>\nduty.\n<\/p>\n<p>(Reference to the above has been made by a Division Bench of this Court in<br \/>\nAliyar v. Pathu (1988 (2) KLT 446). Thus, it can be seen that the mandate on<br \/>\na Muslim husband to provide fair and reasonable provision to his divorced<br \/>\nwife is contained in the Holy Koran. It is not possible at all to hold that it<br \/>\nis for the first time that the Act has fixed liability on the husband to provide<br \/>\nreasonable and fair provision and maintenance to the divorced wife.\n<\/p>\n<p>8. As the Act declares duties and liabilities of a Muslim husband with<br \/>\na view to give adequate protection to the divorced wife and as preamble of the<br \/>\nAct itself states that it is applicable to every divorced Muslim wife, contention<br \/>\nthat it has no retrospective operation is not tenable. There is no logic in<br \/>\nholding that the Act for the first time introduced a burden on the Muslim<br \/>\nhusband to provide for reasonable and fair provision and maintenance to the<br \/>\ndivorced wife. The Act should be considered only as retrospective. Contention that the Act is only prospective and that the respondent having been<br \/>\ndivorced prior to the commencement of the Act is not entitled to invoke the<br \/>\nprovisions of the Act is without any merit.\n<\/p>\n<p>9. In the result, the petition is dismissed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kerala High Court Hyderkhan vs Meharunnissa on 31 July, 1992 Equivalent citations: 1993 CriLJ 236, II (1992) DMC 382 Author: P Pillay Bench: P Pillay JUDGMENT Pareed Pillay, J. 1. Petitioner challenges the order of the Additional Sessions Judge, Palakkad in Crl. R.P. 14 of 1990 confirming the order of the Chief Judicial Magistrate, Palakkad [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-43063","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-high-court","category-kerala-high-court"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Hyderkhan vs Meharunnissa on 31 July, 1992 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/hyderkhan-vs-meharunnissa-on-31-july-1992\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hyderkhan vs Meharunnissa on 31 July, 1992 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; 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