{"id":48991,"date":"2006-01-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2006-01-17T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/union-of-india-ors-vs-flight-cadet-ashish-rai-on-18-january-2006"},"modified":"2017-10-30T00:45:35","modified_gmt":"2017-10-29T19:15:35","slug":"union-of-india-ors-vs-flight-cadet-ashish-rai-on-18-january-2006","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/union-of-india-ors-vs-flight-cadet-ashish-rai-on-18-january-2006","title":{"rendered":"Union Of India &amp; Ors vs Flight Cadet Ashish Rai on 18 January, 2006"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">Union Of India &amp; Ors vs Flight Cadet Ashish Rai on 18 January, 2006<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: A Pasayat<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: Arijit Pasayat, Tarun Chatterjee<\/div>\n<pre>           CASE NO.:\nAppeal (civil)  402-403 of 2004\n\nPETITIONER:\nUnion of India &amp; Ors\n\nRESPONDENT:\nFlight Cadet Ashish Rai\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT: 18\/01\/2006\n\nBENCH:\nARIJIT PASAYAT &amp; TARUN CHATTERJEE\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>J U D G M E N T<\/p>\n<p>ARIJIT PASAYAT, J.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tUnion of India and its functionaries calls in question<br \/>\nlegality of the judgment rendered by a Division Bench of the<br \/>\nAllahabad High Court holding that the learned Single Judge<br \/>\nwas right in quashing the orders dated 16.6.2000 and<br \/>\n27.6.2000, and further directing appellants to allow the<br \/>\nrespondent to complete training from the stage he had left and<br \/>\nto act in terms of the instructions of the Headquarters, Indian<br \/>\nAir Force as regards re-testing.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tFactual background in a nutshell as highlighted by the<br \/>\nappellants is as follows:-\n<\/p>\n<p>\tThe respondent was selected as a Flight Cadet to undergo<br \/>\ntraining to become a pilot in the Indian Air Force (in short &#8216;Air<br \/>\nForce&#8217;).  The concerned course for being commissioned as pilot<br \/>\nofficer was course no. 157 which covered a period of 72 weeks.<br \/>\nIt commenced on 5.2.1995.  During training the respondent<br \/>\ncomplained of knee injury which was sustained prior to<br \/>\ntraining on 28.12.1994 due to a road accident. Since he<br \/>\nremained absent during the course, it was felt that he could<br \/>\nnot be continued in the pilot course, flying training was<br \/>\nterminated and he was given option of joining Ab-initio<br \/>\nNavigator&#8217;s course which the respondent accepted and joined<br \/>\nin January 1998.  The course was 86 Ab-initio Navigator&#8217;s<br \/>\ncourse.  In November 1998, he was found to be lagging behind<br \/>\nin the studies and the training was terminated.  Further<br \/>\noption was given to join Ground Duty Officer&#8217;s course which<br \/>\nthe respondent opted to join and, in fact, in July 1999 joined<br \/>\nas a trainee in the Administrative branch which was to be held<br \/>\nat Air Force Academy in Ground Duty Officer&#8217;s Course No.\n<\/p>\n<p>106.  During such training the authorities came to know<br \/>\nvarious acts of misconduct on the part of the respondent.  A<br \/>\nCourt of Inquiry was conducted where the respondent<br \/>\nadmitted the aberrations.  A warning was given in November<br \/>\n1999.  As he failed in three academic subjects, a Training<br \/>\nReview Board was formed and its opinion was forwarded to the<br \/>\nHeadquarter for processing with the Central Government.  He<br \/>\nwas suspended from training on 1.2.2000 which in Air Force<br \/>\nterminology is called &#8220;Struck Off Ration Strength&#8221;.  He was<br \/>\n&#8220;routed home&#8221; pending final approval.  Respondent filed a writ<br \/>\npetition on 1.2.2000 before the Allahabad High Court<br \/>\nchallenging suspension of training where interim order was<br \/>\npassed allowing the respondent to continue training.  The<br \/>\nrespondent was directed to resume duty on 11.3.2000<br \/>\nwhereas he actually reported for duty on 13.3.2000. On<br \/>\n11.3.2000 he was again involved in drunken brawl outside the<br \/>\nAcademy and was arrested and sent to policy custody. On<br \/>\n22.3.2000 the case was compounded by a Magistrate.  On<br \/>\n2.4.2000 the Duty Officer of the Air Force Academy visited the<br \/>\ntrainees&#8217; mess and found the respondent smelling of liquor.<br \/>\nOn 12\/13.5.2000 the respondent in a drunken condition<br \/>\nphysically assaulted co-trainees, used abusive language and<br \/>\nterrorized a large number of trainees by his violent behavior.<br \/>\nOn 12.6.2000 he was involved in another criminal case in<br \/>\nhaving misused credit card of the other Cadets.  First<br \/>\ninformation report was lodged, cognizance was taken and<br \/>\nwarrants were issued.  Since he failed in final examination he<br \/>\nwas assessed to be unsuitable for further training by the<br \/>\nReview Board on 29.5.2000 and on 14.6.2000 his training was<br \/>\nterminated because of his failure in academics and for<br \/>\nmaintaining low standard of discipline. The report was<br \/>\nforwarded to the Air Force Headquarters, he was &#8220;routed<br \/>\nhome&#8221; and order of termination of Cadetship was passed.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tAnother writ petition was filed before the High Court<br \/>\nchallenging termination of training.  Both the writ petitions<br \/>\nwere heard together and by order dated 25.5.2001 the learned<br \/>\nSingle Judge allowed both the writ petitions and quashed the<br \/>\norders dated 16.6.2000 and 27.6.2000. Writ appeals filed by<br \/>\nthe present appellants were dismissed with the directions as<br \/>\nafore-noted.  Learned Single Judge has directed that the<br \/>\nrespondent be commissioned. By order dated 16.1.2003 the<br \/>\njudgment was stayed.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tLearned Counsel for the appellants submitted that the<br \/>\nHigh Court has not noticed the relevant instructions and has<br \/>\nerroneously held that the procedure adopted by the authorities<br \/>\nwas not proper.  The learned Single Judge held that the<br \/>\nrespondent like other co-examinees was entitled to grace<br \/>\nmarks.  It was further noted by the learned Single Judge and<br \/>\nthe Division Bench that the benefit was not given to the<br \/>\nappellant. It was pointed out that there was no malafide<br \/>\ninvolved. There is no question of any design to deny benefits<br \/>\nas observed by learned Single Judge. In fact, with a view not to<br \/>\njeopardize the career of a cadet various options were given<br \/>\nand, he was given different options at different point of time<br \/>\ntaking into account his physical health.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tLearned counsel for the respondent submitted that High<br \/>\nCourt has taken note of legitimate expectations. The state of<br \/>\nmind of a young person with high hopes for serving the<br \/>\ncountry has been duly considered. There was no inquiry<br \/>\nconducted regarding various allegations and, in fact, after the<br \/>\nfirst instance of so-called blemish the authorities had<br \/>\ncondoned the lapses and had closed the matter.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tThere should be judicial restraint while making judicial<br \/>\nreview in administrative matters. Where irrelevant aspects<br \/>\nhave been eschewed from consideration and no relevant aspect<br \/>\nhas been ignored and the administrative decisions have nexus<br \/>\nwith the facts on record, there is no scope for interference.<br \/>\nThe duty of the court is (a) to confine itself to the question of<br \/>\nlegality; (b) to decide whether the decision making authority<br \/>\nexceeded its powers (c) committed an error of law (d)<br \/>\ncommitted breach of the rules of natural justice and (e)<br \/>\nreached a decision which no reasonable Tribunal would have<br \/>\nreached or (f) abused its powers.  Administrative action is<br \/>\nsubject to control by judicial review in the following manner:\n<\/p>\n<p>(i)\tIllegality: This means the decision-maker must<br \/>\nunderstand correctly the law that regulates his<br \/>\ndecision-making power and must give effect to<br \/>\nit.\n<\/p>\n<p>(ii)\tIrrationality, namely, Wednesbury<br \/>\nunreasonableness.\n<\/p>\n<p>(iii)   Procedural impropriety.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tIn the instant case the High Court seems to have ignored<br \/>\nthe relevant aspects and emphasized on irrelevant issues.<br \/>\nThere were Review Boards on three occasions at Air Force<br \/>\nacademy where the relevant factors regarding the academic<br \/>\nperformance of the respondent as well as the disciplinary<br \/>\ncases were considered and termination of training was<br \/>\nrecommended. The training termination proceedings were<br \/>\nforwarded to the Air Headquarters as well as the Government<br \/>\nof India which duly approved the same.  That itself shows that<br \/>\nthere was no mala-fides involved.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tThe learned Single Judge has clearly erred in holding<br \/>\nthat the authorities were showing repugnance to the order of<br \/>\nthe High Court and there was design to deny the<br \/>\ncommissioning to the respondent as he had challenged<br \/>\nauthorities of the Air Force.  This conclusion is clearly without<br \/>\nany supportable material. The power of punishment is<br \/>\ncontained in paragraph 3 of order no.46\/98 dated 13.3.1998<br \/>\nwhich deals with disciplinary proceedings of the Cadet.  The<br \/>\nextent of exercise of power by various authorities is delineated<br \/>\nin these instructions.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tAir Force Order (AFO) No.79\/73 issued by the Chief of<br \/>\nthe Air Force Staff prescribes the procedure to deal with the<br \/>\nCadets found\/assessed unsuitable. Some of the relevant paras<br \/>\nneed to be noted.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tParas 11, 12 and 15 of the AFO provide that a Cadet can<br \/>\nbe unsuitable at any of the grounds namely, Indiscipline,<br \/>\nMedically Unfit or Lack of Officer Like Quality.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tPara 18(a) further that failure in Final Exams is also a<br \/>\nground for holding the cadet unsuitable and the training of an<br \/>\nunsuitable.  Cadet can be suspended or terminated.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tPara 19 of the AFO provides that before passing an<br \/>\nadverse order every time a Training Review Board consisting of<br \/>\nfour members shall be constituted and the TRB will give<br \/>\nopportunity to the Cadet, will record statements and will<br \/>\npropose an action to be taken against the Cadet.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tPara 22 of the AFO provides that the Training Review<br \/>\nBoard (TRB) will also examine the past conduct, reasonable<br \/>\nlikelihood to achieve required standards and Basic Officer like<br \/>\nqualities before making its recommendations.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tTraining Command Air Staff Instructions (in short TCASI)<br \/>\ndeals with the procedure to be followed for periodic<br \/>\nassessment.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tPara 11 of the TCASI Provides that the assessment shall<br \/>\nbe made on the basis of marks of the Examination and on the<br \/>\nbasis of assessing the Officer like Qualities (OLQ) in the cadet.<br \/>\nThe cadet is required to pass such and every paper with<br \/>\nminimum 50% marks, and any lesser marks shall be assessed<br \/>\nas &#8216;Failed&#8217;.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tPara 16 provides that failed Cadets shall be treated in<br \/>\naccordance with procedure provided in AFO 79 of 1973 as<br \/>\namended by AFO 24 of 1976 dated 8.5.1976.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tAs is clearly evident from above, training of failed cadets<br \/>\ncan be terminated. The learned Single Judge referred to the<br \/>\ninstruction as quoted above. In instruction AFO 79\/73 as<br \/>\namended it is provided inter alia as follows:-\n<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;12 Term &#8220;termination of training&#8221; means the<br \/>\nfinal elimination of a trainee from the training<br \/>\nwhich he is undergoing, whether or not he is<br \/>\nthereafter allowed to be trained for the duties<br \/>\nof some other branch of Service.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<p>\tThe question of allotment of grace marks is also governed<br \/>\nby the instructions and clearly the respondent was not entitled<br \/>\nto grace marks.  The warning letters issued to the respondent<br \/>\nshow that he had failed to secure the requisite pass<br \/>\npercentage and he was advised guidance and additional<br \/>\ncoaching. In the final examinations he had failed in two<br \/>\nvarious subjects.  In the confidential recommendation of the<br \/>\nlatter Training Review Board dated 29.5.2000 various acts of<br \/>\nmisconduct were noticed and that is why it was recommended<br \/>\nthat his training be terminated. Though the learned counsel<br \/>\nfor the respondents submitted that the respondent was not<br \/>\ngiven adequate opportunity to defend him, from the copies of<br \/>\nthe proceedings which were filed, we find the plea to be<br \/>\nwithout substance.  Opportunity for cross-examination while<br \/>\nmaking submissions affirmative statements was given.<br \/>\nSeveral Training Review Boards were held to look into the<br \/>\nquestions of indiscipline and the failure in academics. This<br \/>\namply proves that adequate opportunity was granted to the<br \/>\nrespondent to explain his position.  The High Court did not<br \/>\nkeep in view the principles governing judicial review and acted<br \/>\non surmises and conjectures, and quashed the orders passed<br \/>\nby the authorities.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tThe judgment of the Division Bench affirming that of the<br \/>\nlearned Single Judge is clearly unsustainable and is quashed.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tAppeal is allowed but in the circumstances without any<br \/>\norder as to costs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India Union Of India &amp; Ors vs Flight Cadet Ashish Rai on 18 January, 2006 Author: A Pasayat Bench: Arijit Pasayat, Tarun Chatterjee CASE NO.: Appeal (civil) 402-403 of 2004 PETITIONER: Union of India &amp; Ors RESPONDENT: Flight Cadet Ashish Rai DATE OF JUDGMENT: 18\/01\/2006 BENCH: ARIJIT PASAYAT &amp; TARUN CHATTERJEE JUDGMENT: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-48991","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Union Of India &amp; 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