{"id":58485,"date":"2008-02-15T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2008-02-14T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/cherotte-sugathan-died-through-vs-cherotte-bharathi-ors-on-15-february-2008"},"modified":"2017-05-25T11:43:55","modified_gmt":"2017-05-25T06:13:55","slug":"cherotte-sugathan-died-through-vs-cherotte-bharathi-ors-on-15-february-2008","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/cherotte-sugathan-died-through-vs-cherotte-bharathi-ors-on-15-february-2008","title":{"rendered":"Cherotte Sugathan (Died Through &#8230; vs Cherotte Bharathi &amp; Ors on 15 February, 2008"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">Cherotte Sugathan (Died Through &#8230; vs Cherotte Bharathi &amp; Ors on 15 February, 2008<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: S Sinha<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: S.B. Sinha, V.S. Sirpurkar<\/div>\n<pre>           CASE NO.:\nAppeal (civil)  1323 of 2008\n\nPETITIONER:\nCherotte Sugathan (Died through LRs) &amp; Ors.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nCherotte Bharathi &amp; Ors.\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT: 15\/02\/2008\n\nBENCH:\nS.B. Sinha &amp; V.S. Sirpurkar\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>J U D G M E N T<br \/>\n(Arising out of SLP (C) No. 236 of 2004)<\/p>\n<p>S.B. Sinha, J.\n<\/p>\n<p>1.\tLeave granted.\n<\/p>\n<p>2.\tWhether Section 2 of the Hindu Widows Re-Marriage Act, 1856<br \/>\nwould apply to the facts of the present case is the question in this appeal.\n<\/p>\n<p>3.\tThe fact involved herein is as under :\n<\/p>\n<p>     The properties in dispute belonged to one Sri Pervakutty.  He had<br \/>\nthree sons and two daughters, namely, Sugathan, Surendran, Sukumaran @<br \/>\nSoman, Soumini and Karhiayani.  He allegedly executed a will on<br \/>\n11.10.1975 bequeathing the said properties in favour of his sons.  In the said<br \/>\nWill, provisions were allegedly made for payment of monthly allowance to<br \/>\nthe wife of Sri Pervakutty, defendant No.3 (since deceased) as also right of<br \/>\nresidence in the house situated therein.  Sri Pervakutty died on 20.10.1975.<br \/>\nSukumaran died on 2.8.1976.\n<\/p>\n<p>4.\tFirst respondent is his widow.  First respondent remarried one<br \/>\nElambilakkat Sudharkaran.  Sudhakaran died on 12.9.1979.<br \/>\n\tShe filed a suit on 31.12.1985 for partition claiming 1\/3rd share in the<br \/>\nsuit property.  Appellant herein, inter alia, contended that she, in terms of<br \/>\nSection 2 of the Hindu Widows Re-marriage Act, 1856, having ceased to<br \/>\nhave any right in the properties inherited by her from her husband<br \/>\nSukumaran, the suit was not maintainable.<br \/>\n\tRespondent Nos. 2 and 3, the daughter of Sri Pervakutty, inter alia,<br \/>\nraised a contention that the purported Will dated 11.10.1975 was not a valid<br \/>\none.\n<\/p>\n<p>5.\tBy a judgment and order dated 31.3.1992, the said suit for partition<br \/>\nwas decreed declaring 1\/3rd share in the suit properties in favour of the first<br \/>\nrespondent.  It was opined that since the testator bequeathed the tenancy<br \/>\nright as contained in item No.2 of the schedule, the same was available for<br \/>\npartition.\n<\/p>\n<p>     Appellants preferred an appeal thereagainst.  Respondent Nos.2 and 3<br \/>\n(defendants No. 4 and 5) also preferred separate appeals.\n<\/p>\n<p>6.\tBy reason of the impugned judgment, the High Court allowed the<br \/>\nappeals preferred by the respondent Nos. 2 and 3 holding :<br \/>\nIn this case, the plaintiff has claimed succession<br \/>\non the basis of Will.  If that be so, the lower court<br \/>\nwas correct in holding that Section 23 of the Hindu<br \/>\nSuccession Act is not applicable to defendants 1<br \/>\nand 2.  But if the succession is not on the basis of<br \/>\nWill, then defendants 1 and 2 will be entitled to the<br \/>\nbenefit of Section 23 of the Hindu Succession<br \/>\nAct.<\/p>\n<p>\tIn regard to the applicability of the 1856 Act, it was held :\n<\/p>\n<p>So far this case is concerned, according to us,<br \/>\nSection 24 of the Hindu Succession Act applies<br \/>\nand the plaintiff is entitled to succeed.<\/p>\n<p>\tIt was directed :\n<\/p>\n<p>In the above view of the matter, the appeals are<br \/>\ndisposed of as follows :\n<\/p>\n<p>The case is remanded to the lower court to frame<br \/>\nissue regarding the validity of the Will and to give<br \/>\nan opportunity to the parties to adduce evidence<br \/>\nregarding the same and decide the issue whether<br \/>\nthe Will is valid or not.  The other findings in the<br \/>\njudgment are upheld except the finding regarding<br \/>\nthe building house in Item No.1 of A schedule.  If<br \/>\nthe court below takes the view that the Will is not<br \/>\nvalid, then the contention of defendants 1 and 2<br \/>\nregarding residence in the building house should<br \/>\nbe considered again.<\/p>\n<p>7.\tMr. K. Rajeev, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the appellant,<br \/>\nin support of the appeals, would submit that keeping in view the provisions<br \/>\nof Section 2 of the 1856 Act, Respondent No.1 could not have been held to<br \/>\nhave any right in the properties inherited by her from her husband as she<br \/>\nremarried on 12.2.1979.\n<\/p>\n<p>8.\tMr. Raghunath, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the<br \/>\nrespondent, however, would support the judgment.\n<\/p>\n<p>9.\tHindu Widows Remarriage Act was enacted to remove all legal<br \/>\nobstacles to the marriage of Hindu widows.<br \/>\n\tSection 1 of the said Act encompasses within its fold the said legal<br \/>\npolicy.  Section 2 reads as under :\n<\/p>\n<p>2. Rights of widow in deceased husbands<br \/>\nproperty to cease on her re-marriage.All<br \/>\nrights and interests which any widow may have in<br \/>\nher deceased husbands property by way of<br \/>\nmaintenance, or by inheritance to her husband to<br \/>\nhis lineal successors, or by virtue of any will or<br \/>\ntestamentary disposition conferring upon her,<br \/>\nwithout express permission to re-marry, only a<br \/>\nlimited interest in such property, with no power of<br \/>\nalienating the same, shall upon her re-marriage<br \/>\ncease and determine as if she had then died; and<br \/>\nthe next heirs of her deceased husband, or other<br \/>\npersons entitled to the property on her death, shall<br \/>\nthereupon succeed to the same.<\/p>\n<p>10.\tApplicability of the said provision must be tested having regard to the<br \/>\nprovisions contained in Hindu Succession Act, 1956.  Section 4 of the Act<br \/>\nprovides for the overriding effect of the Act stating :<br \/>\n4. Overriding effect of Act.(1) Save as<br \/>\notherwise expressly provided in this Act,&#8211;\n<\/p>\n<p>(a)\tany text, rule or interpretation of Hindu Law<br \/>\nor any custom or usage as part of that law in<br \/>\nforce immediately before the<br \/>\ncommencement of this Act, shall cease to<br \/>\nhave effect with respect to any matter for<br \/>\nwhich provision is made in this Act;\n<\/p>\n<p>(b)\tany other law in force immediately before<br \/>\nthe commencement of this Act shall cease to<br \/>\napply to Hindus in so far as it is inconsistent<br \/>\nwith any of the provisions contained in this<br \/>\nAct.<\/p>\n<p>11.\tThe Act brought about a sea change in Shastric Hindu Law.  Hindu<br \/>\nwidows were brought on equal footing in the matter of inheritance and<br \/>\nsuccession along with the male heirs.  Section 14(1) stipulates that any<br \/>\nproperty possessed by a female Hindu, whether acquired before or after the<br \/>\ncommencement of the Act, will be held by her as a full owner thereof.<br \/>\n\tSection 24, as it then stood, reads as under :<br \/>\n24. Certain widows remarrying may not<br \/>\ninherit as widows.Any heir who is related to an<br \/>\nintestate as the widow of a pre-deceased son, the<br \/>\nwidow of a pre-deceased son of a pre-deceased son<br \/>\nor the widow of a brother shall not be entitled to<br \/>\nsucceed to the property of the intestate as such<br \/>\nwidow, if on the date the succession opens, she has<br \/>\nremarried.<\/p>\n<p>12.\tUpon the death of Sukumaran, his share vested in the first respondent<br \/>\nabsolutely.  Such absolute vesting of property in her could not be subjected<br \/>\nto divestment, save and except by reason of a statute.\n<\/p>\n<p>13.\tSuccession had not opened in this case when the 1956 Act came into<br \/>\nforce.  Section 2 of the 1856 Act speaks about a limited right but when<br \/>\nsuccession opened on 2.8.1976, first respondent became an absolute owner<br \/>\nof the property by reason of inheritance from her husband in terms of sub-<br \/>\nsection (1) of Section 14 of the 1956 Act.\n<\/p>\n<p>     Section 4 of the 1956 Act has an overriding effect.  The provisions of<br \/>\n1956 Act, thus, shall prevail over the text of any Hindu Law or the<br \/>\nprovisions of 1856 Act.  Section 2 of the 1856 Act would not prevail over<br \/>\nthe provisions of the 1956 Act having regard to Section 4 and 24 thereof.\n<\/p>\n<p>14.\tThe question posed before us is no longer res integra.\n<\/p>\n<p>     In Chando Mehtain &amp; Ors. v. Khublal Mahto &amp; Ors. [AIR 1983 Patna<br \/>\n33], the Patna High Court opined :\n<\/p>\n<p>The Hindu Widows Remarriage Act, 1856 has not<br \/>\nbeen repealed by the Hindu Succession Act, 1956<br \/>\nbut Section 4 of the latter Act has an overriding<br \/>\neffect and in effect abrogates the operation of the<br \/>\nHindu Widows Remarriage Act, 1856. According<br \/>\nto Section 4 of the Hindu Succession Act all<br \/>\nexisting laws whether in the shape of enactments<br \/>\nor otherwise shall cease to apply to Hindus in so<br \/>\nfar as they are inconsistent with any of the<br \/>\nprovisions contained in this Act.<\/p>\n<p>\t<a href=\"\/doc\/621093\/\">In Kasturi Devi v. Deputy Director of Consolidation<\/a> [AIR 1976 SC<br \/>\n2595], this Court categorically held that a mother cannot be divested of her<br \/>\ninterest in the deceased sons property either on the ground of unchastity or<br \/>\nremarriage.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tKerala High Court, in Thankam v. Rajan [AIR 1999 Kerala 62], held<br \/>\nthat remarriage of the wife cannot be a ground for her loosing right to<br \/>\nsucceed to her deceased husbands property.\n<\/p>\n<p>15.\tYet again this Court, in Velamuri Venkata Sivaprasad (Dead) by LRs.<br \/>\nv. Kothuri Venkateswarlu (Dead) by LRs &amp; Ors. [(2000) 2 SCC 139], held :<br \/>\n52. Incidentally, Section 24 of the Succession Act<br \/>\nof 1956 placed certain restrictions on certain<br \/>\nspecified widows in the event of there being a<br \/>\nremarriage; while it is true that the section speaks<br \/>\nof a pre-deceased son or son of a pre-deceased son<br \/>\nbut this in our view is a reflection of the Shastric<br \/>\nlaw on to the statute. The Act of 1956 in terms of<br \/>\nSection 8 permits the widow of a Hindu male to<br \/>\ninherit simultaneously with the son, daughter and<br \/>\nother heirs specified in Class I of the Schedule. As<br \/>\na matter of fact she takes her share absolutely and<br \/>\nnot the widows estate only in terms of Section 14.<br \/>\nRemarriage of a widow stands legalised by reason<br \/>\nof the incorporation of the Act of 1956 but on her<br \/>\nremarriage she forfeits the right to obtain any<br \/>\nbenefit from out of her deceased husbands estate<br \/>\nand Section 2 of the Act of 1856 as noticed above<br \/>\nis very specific that the estate in that event would<br \/>\npass on to the next heir of her deceased husband as<br \/>\nif she were dead. Incidentally, the Act of 1856<br \/>\ndoes not stand abrogated or repealed by the<br \/>\nSuccession Act of 1956 and it is only by Act 24 of<br \/>\n1983 that the Act stands repealed. As such the Act<br \/>\nof 1856 had its fullest application in the contextual<br \/>\nfacts in 1956 when Section 14(1) of the Hindu<br \/>\nSuccession Act was relied upon by Defendant 1.<\/p>\n<p>\tWe respectfully agree with the said view.\n<\/p>\n<p>22.\tFor the reasons aforementioned, we do not find any infirmity in the<br \/>\njudgment of the High Court.  The appeal, therefore, is dismissed without any<br \/>\norder as to costs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India Cherotte Sugathan (Died Through &#8230; vs Cherotte Bharathi &amp; Ors on 15 February, 2008 Author: S Sinha Bench: S.B. Sinha, V.S. Sirpurkar CASE NO.: Appeal (civil) 1323 of 2008 PETITIONER: Cherotte Sugathan (Died through LRs) &amp; Ors. RESPONDENT: Cherotte Bharathi &amp; Ors. DATE OF JUDGMENT: 15\/02\/2008 BENCH: S.B. Sinha &amp; V.S. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-58485","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Cherotte Sugathan (Died Through ... vs Cherotte Bharathi &amp; Ors on 15 February, 2008 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/cherotte-sugathan-died-through-vs-cherotte-bharathi-ors-on-15-february-2008\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cherotte Sugathan (Died Through ... vs Cherotte Bharathi &amp; 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