{"id":61125,"date":"1993-09-17T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1993-09-16T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/s-ashok-kumar-vs-state-of-t-n-on-17-september-1993"},"modified":"2017-08-13T17:41:31","modified_gmt":"2017-08-13T12:11:31","slug":"s-ashok-kumar-vs-state-of-t-n-on-17-september-1993","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/s-ashok-kumar-vs-state-of-t-n-on-17-september-1993","title":{"rendered":"S. Ashok Kumar vs State Of T. N on 17 September, 1993"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">S. Ashok Kumar vs State Of T. N on 17 September, 1993<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_citations\">Equivalent citations: 1994 SCC,   Supl.  (2) 631<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: K Ramaswamy<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: Ramaswamy, K.<\/div>\n<pre>           PETITIONER:\nS. ASHOK KUMAR\n\n\tVs.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nSTATE OF T. N.\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT17\/09\/1993\n\nBENCH:\nRAMASWAMY, K.\nBENCH:\nRAMASWAMY, K.\nSINGH N.P. (J)\n\nCITATION:\n 1994 SCC  Supl.  (2) 631\n\n\nACT:\n\n\n\nHEADNOTE:\n\n\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>ORDER\n<\/p>\n<p>1.   Leave granted.\n<\/p>\n<p>2.   Heard   the  learned  counsel  on\teither\tside.\t The<br \/>\nappellants are direct recruits to the substantive  vacancies<br \/>\nin the permanent cadre of District and Sessions Judge  Grade<br \/>\n11  of\tTamil  Nadu  State  Higher  Judicial  Service.\t The<br \/>\nappointment  to the post in category 2 shall be made by\t the<br \/>\nGovernor either_by recruitment by transfer from the category<br \/>\nof  Subordinate Judges in Tamil Nadu State Judicial  Service<br \/>\nor by direct recruitment, &#8220;[p]rovided that not more than ten<br \/>\nposts  shall  be filled or reserved to be filled  by  direct<br \/>\nrecruitment&#8221;.\tOn the appellants&#8217; recruitment by  the\tHigh<br \/>\nCourt\tand  appointment  by  the  Governor,  they   started<br \/>\ndischarging  their  duties as District and  Sessions  Judges<br \/>\nfrom  November 16, 1987 and they were put on probation\twith<br \/>\neffect\t from  that  date.   Though  they  have\t  admittedly<br \/>\ncompleted  14  months of probation as prescribed  under\t the<br \/>\nrule,  their services were not confirmed.  They,  therefore,<br \/>\nfiled  a writ petition in the High Court  seeking  direction<br \/>\nfor  declaration  of the completion of their  probation\t and<br \/>\nconfirmation  to the substantive posts.\t Yet the High  Court<br \/>\nheld  that unless inter se seniority is\t determined  between<br \/>\nthem and the contesting respondents, the Subordinate  Judges<br \/>\npromoted as District and Sessions Judges, Grade 11 from\t the<br \/>\ncadre  of  the\tT.N. Judicial Service, the  writ  cannot  be<br \/>\nissued.\t  So  the High Court dismissed\tthe  writ  petition.<br \/>\nThus this appeal by special leave from the judgment in\tWrit<br \/>\nPetition No. 356 of 1990, dated September 10, 1991.\n<\/p>\n<p>3.   Shri  Parasaran,  the learned senior  counsel  for\t the<br \/>\nappellants  has contended that the High Court has  committed<br \/>\nserious\t  error\t in  not  giving  the  direction   for\t the<br \/>\nappellants&#8217; confirmation to the substantive posts; inter  se<br \/>\nseniority   between  the  appellants  and   the\t  contesting<br \/>\nrespondents  would flow from that direction.   He  contended<br \/>\nthat the State Government had fixed 31 posts of District and<br \/>\nSessions  fudges  out of which 18 are for the  District\t and<br \/>\nSessions<br \/>\n+  Arising out of SLP (C) No. 1158 of 1992<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">632<\/span><br \/>\nJudges,\t Grade I and II posts are for District and  Sessions<br \/>\nJudges,\t Grade II.  In the seniority list published  by\t the<br \/>\nGovernment  of\tthe cadre of District and  Sessions  Judges,<br \/>\nGrade  11 placement of 28 to 33 have been kept\tblank  which<br \/>\nmeant  that they are reserved for the appellants.  The\tHigh<br \/>\nCourt admitted of their appointment to substantive vacancies<br \/>\nand successful completion of their probation.\tIrrespective<br \/>\nof  the fact that the contesting respondents  were  promoted<br \/>\nearlier in point of time, the appellants are entitled to  be<br \/>\nfixed  in  the\tvacancies  kept reserved  for  them  in\t the<br \/>\nplacement  of Nos. 28 to 33.  In that regard,  he  contended<br \/>\nthat  once the appellants have been appointed  substantively<br \/>\nby  direct  recruitment,  they should  rank  senior  to\t the<br \/>\nofficiating  promotees\tand  therefore the  High  Court\t has<br \/>\ncommitted serious illegality in not giving the direction  in<br \/>\nthat behalf.  Having given our anxious consideration to\t the<br \/>\ncontention  raised,  we find that on the basis of  the\trule<br \/>\nposition,  it  is difficult to accept the  contention.\t The<br \/>\nlanguage  couched  in  Rule 2(b) of the\t T.N.  State  Higher<br \/>\nJudicial  Service  Rules, 1982 would make the  matter  clear<br \/>\nthat appointment to category 2 of the District and  Sessions<br \/>\nJudges is from two sources, namely, recruitment by  transfer<br \/>\nfrom the category of Subordinate Judges in Tamil Nadu  State<br \/>\nJudicial  Service or by direct recruitment.  While making  a<br \/>\nrecruitment,  the proviso limits its operation that  out  of<br \/>\nthe cadre not more than 10 posts shall be filled or shall be<br \/>\nreserved  to be filled by the direct recruits.\tIt does\t not<br \/>\nindicate  that this is meant to be up to a maximum of  1\/3rd<br \/>\nposts  of the cadre.  Had the percentage of the\t posts\tbeen<br \/>\nlinked\twith the total cadre strength, certainly the  direct<br \/>\nrecruits are entitled to occupy 1\/3rd of the posts from\t the<br \/>\ndate of their officiation and get seniority from the date of<br \/>\ntheir  appointment,  subject  to  successful  completion  of<br \/>\nprobation  irrespective\t of the fact whether  the  promotees<br \/>\nhave been continuously officiating as District and  Sessions<br \/>\nJudges\tprior to the appointment of the appellant in  excess<br \/>\nof  their  quota.  Their earlier  promotion  and  continuous<br \/>\nofficiation would not enure to their advantage and they will<br \/>\nbe  pushed down, giving place to the direct recruits  within<br \/>\nthe quota reserved for them.  Unfortunately, Rule 2(b)\tdoes<br \/>\nnot prescribe any quota.  It would mean that at no point  of<br \/>\ntime  the  direct  recruits  would  exceed  10\tin   number.<br \/>\nUndoubtedly  the object of direct recruitment is  to  infuse<br \/>\nyoung  blood  into  service  to\t accelerate  efficiency\t and<br \/>\nmembers\t of the bar opt for selection by direct\t recruitment<br \/>\nwith  an object to get elevation as High Court\tJudges.\t  To<br \/>\nachieve\t the  purpose  the language of the  rule  should  be<br \/>\ndifferent.\n<\/p>\n<p>4.   To find the placement of the appellants as District and<br \/>\nSessions  Judges,  Grade  II, Rule 7(b) to  be\tapplied\t for<br \/>\nfixing\tthe  inter  se\tseniority  of  the  appellants\t and<br \/>\npromotees  from\t the  respective  dates\t from  which  direct<br \/>\nrecruits   and\t the  promotees\t  have\t been\tcontinuously<br \/>\nofficiating  in the posts of District and  Sessions  Judges,<br \/>\nGrade 11.  Rule 7(b) says that:\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\t      &#8220;The seniority of person appointed to the post<br \/>\n\t      of  District and Sessions Judge, Second  Grade<br \/>\n\t      shall be determined by the date from which  he<br \/>\n\t      was  continuously on duty in the\tcategory  of<br \/>\n\t      District and Sessions Judge, Second Grade:<br \/>\n\t      Provided\tthat  the  seniority  of  a   person<br \/>\n\t      appointed to the post of District and Sessions<br \/>\n\t      Judge,.\tSecond\tGrade,\tby  recruitment\t  by<br \/>\n\t      transfer\tfrom the Tamil Nadu  State  Judicial<br \/>\n\t      Service,\tshall be fixed by the Government  on<br \/>\n\t      the recommendation of the High Court.&#8221;\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">633<\/span><\/p>\n<p> As per Rule 7(b) the point of time i.e. the date from which<br \/>\nthe direct recruit as well as promotee District and Sessions<br \/>\nJudges\t are  continuously  officiating\t is   relevant\t and<br \/>\nmaterial.\n<\/p>\n<p>5.   The  High\tCourt  is  requested  to  recommend  to\t the<br \/>\nGovernment  to\tfix  inter  se\tseniority  after   declaring<br \/>\ncompletion  of\tthe probation of the appellants.   Inter  se<br \/>\nseniority  shall be determined in terms of Rule 7(b) of\t the<br \/>\nSpecial\t Rules within a period of four months from the\tdate<br \/>\nof the receipt of this judgment.\n<\/p>\n<p>6.   The appeal is accordingly disposed of.  No costs.\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">634<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India S. Ashok Kumar vs State Of T. N on 17 September, 1993 Equivalent citations: 1994 SCC, Supl. (2) 631 Author: K Ramaswamy Bench: Ramaswamy, K. PETITIONER: S. ASHOK KUMAR Vs. RESPONDENT: STATE OF T. N. DATE OF JUDGMENT17\/09\/1993 BENCH: RAMASWAMY, K. BENCH: RAMASWAMY, K. SINGH N.P. (J) CITATION: 1994 SCC Supl. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61125","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>S. Ashok Kumar vs State Of T. 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