{"id":62699,"date":"1999-05-12T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1999-05-11T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/union-of-india-ors-vs-himmat-singh-chahar-on-12-may-1999"},"modified":"2016-10-02T04:26:54","modified_gmt":"2016-10-01T22:56:54","slug":"union-of-india-ors-vs-himmat-singh-chahar-on-12-may-1999","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/union-of-india-ors-vs-himmat-singh-chahar-on-12-may-1999","title":{"rendered":"Union Of India &amp; Ors vs Himmat Singh Chahar on 12 May, 1999"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">Union Of India &amp; Ors vs Himmat Singh Chahar on 12 May, 1999<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: Pattanaik<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: G.B.Pattanaik, K.T.Thomas<\/div>\n<pre>           PETITIONER:\nUNION OF INDIA &amp; ORS.\n\n\tVs.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nHIMMAT SINGH CHAHAR\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT:\t12\/05\/1999\n\nBENCH:\nG.B.Pattanaik, K.T.Thomas\n\n\n\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>PATTANAIK,J.\n<\/p>\n<p>      The  Union of India in this appeal has challenged\t the<br \/>\njudgment  dated 12.11.1993, of the Division Bench of  Bombay<br \/>\nHigh  Court in Criminal Writ Petition No.  1511 of 92.\t The<br \/>\nrespondent  Himmat Singh Chahar, who was serving as a  petty<br \/>\nHigh  Court  assailing the order passed against him  in\t the<br \/>\nCourt Martial Proceedings and the High Court by the impugned<br \/>\njudgment  quashed  the\tsaid  order  in\t the  Court  Martial<br \/>\nProceeding.   In the Court-martial the respondent was  found<br \/>\nguilty\tof  offence under Section 354 and was  sentenced  to<br \/>\nimprisonment for 9 months, and his services were terminated.<br \/>\nFacts  culminating in the aforesaid order of the High  Court<br \/>\nmay be briefly stated as under.\n<\/p>\n<p>      The  respondent had joined the Indian Navy on  24.6.78<br \/>\nand  in November 1990 he was a petty officer  (Telegraphist)<br \/>\nin  the submarine and was thus away from his quarters on the<br \/>\nshore.\t On  28.11.1990\t one R.K.  Sharma,  another  officer<br \/>\nbelonging  to  Navy came with his wife Mrs.  Nirmala  Sharma<br \/>\nand  having failed in his attempt to get any vacant quarters<br \/>\nmoved  into  Quarter  No.  3B and shared the same  with\t the<br \/>\nfamily\t members  of  the   respondent.\t  On  3.12.90\tsaid<br \/>\nrespondent  took  permission from his authorities  to  leave<br \/>\nsubmarine  and\tcome  to  the shore for\t taking\t his  family<br \/>\nmembers\t to  the  hospital for medical check  up  and  early<br \/>\nmorning\t came to his quarters and left for the hospital with<br \/>\nhis  wife and two sons.\t It is alleged that he returned back<br \/>\nhome  at  about\t 9.00 a.m.  while Mrs.\tNirmala\t Sharma\t was<br \/>\nalone  and  tried  to  outrage her modesty  when  said\tMrs.<br \/>\nNirmala\t Sharma opened the door.  Mrs.\tSharma then  somehow<br \/>\nextricated from the clutches of the respondent and rushed to<br \/>\nthe  house  of\tone Mrs.  Mandal whom she knew\tearlier\t and<br \/>\npersuaded her to intimate her husband who was also away from<br \/>\nthe quarters so that he can come back.\tMrs.  Sharma did not<br \/>\nintimate  about the aforesaid criminal assault on her by the<br \/>\nrespondent to said Mrs.\t Mandal though she insisted that she<br \/>\nwill not leave her house until and unless her husband comes.<br \/>\nHer  husband came on the next day i.e.\t4.12.90 to whom Mrs.<br \/>\nSharma\tnarrated  all  that  happened on  the  previous\t day<br \/>\nwhereafter  a  complaint was made to the superior  authority<br \/>\nagainst\t the  respondent  alleging   that  modesty  of\tMrs.<br \/>\nNirmala\t Sharma had been outraged by the respondent.  On the<br \/>\nbasis  of  the\tcomplaint  a Court  Martial  Proceeding\t was<br \/>\ninitiated  and\tin  the said proceeding the  respondent\t was<br \/>\nfound guilty of the charge under Section 354 of Indian Penal<br \/>\nCode  and  Section 77(2) of the Navy Act, 1957\t(hereinafter<br \/>\nreferred  to as &#8216;an Act&#8217;) and was directed to be kept  under<br \/>\nimprisonment  for  the\tterm of 24 calendar  months  and  be<br \/>\ndismissed  from the Naval services.  This order was of\t16th<br \/>\nMay, 1991.  Against the aforesaid order the respondent moved<br \/>\nthe Chief of the Naval Staff under Section 163(1) of the Act<br \/>\nand  the  Chief\t of  the Naval Staff  though  sustained\t the<br \/>\nconviction  but reduced the punishment of imprisonment for a<br \/>\nterm  of 9 calendar months.  The punishment of removal\tfrom<br \/>\nservice, however, was maintained.  The respondent then moved<br \/>\nthe  Central Government for re-consideration of the  matter.<br \/>\nBut  the Central Government having confirmed the decision of<br \/>\nthe Chief of Naval Staff the respondent moved the High Court<br \/>\nby  way\t of  a\tCriminal Writ  Petition.   By  the  impugned<br \/>\njudgment the High Court of Bombay considered the evidence of<br \/>\nMrs.  Nirmala Sharma and by way of sifting her evidence came<br \/>\nto hold :-\n<\/p>\n<p>      &#8220;After  a\t meticulous  examination of the\t record\t and<br \/>\nparticularly the evidence of Nirmala that the credibility of<br \/>\nthe  evidence is such that the charge cannot be said to have<br \/>\nbeen brought home on the basis of this material.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<p>      The  High\t Court, therefore, ultimately came  to\thold<br \/>\nthat the authorities were wrong in having recorded the guilt<br \/>\nagainst\t the respondent on the strength of material that was<br \/>\nadduced\t before\t the Court Martial Proceedings.\t  The  Court<br \/>\nultimately  quashed  the  conviction   and  sentence  passed<br \/>\nagainst\t the respondent in the Court Martial Proceeding ,and<br \/>\nhence the present appeal.\n<\/p>\n<p>      Mr.   Ashok  Bhan, learned counsel appearing  for\t the<br \/>\nUnion  of  India  contended  with vehmence  that  the  Court<br \/>\nMartial\t Proceeding having been continued in accordance with<br \/>\nthe procedure laid down under the Navy Act and the Competent<br \/>\nAuthority  on  the  basis of the evidence of  Mrs.   Nirmala<br \/>\nSharma\thaving\tfound the respondent guilty of charge  under<br \/>\nSection\t 354  and punishing him thereunder, the\t High  Court<br \/>\nmis-directed  itself  in exercise of its jurisdiction  under<br \/>\nArticle\t 226  of  the\tConstitution  to  re-appreciate\t the<br \/>\nevidence   and\tin  coming  to\t the  conclusion  that\t the<br \/>\nAuthorities  committed\terror  in recording the\t finding  of<br \/>\nguilt against the respondent on the basis of the evidence of<br \/>\nMrs.   Nirmala Sharma.\tAccording to Mr.  Bhan, the  learned<br \/>\ncounsel,  though a judicial review against the order of\t the<br \/>\nCompetent  Authority  in  the Court  Martial  Proceeding  is<br \/>\navailable  but the said judicial review could not clothe the<br \/>\nHigh  Court  with  the\tjurisdiction  to  re-appreciate\t the<br \/>\nevidence  and  substitute the findings of the Court  Martial<br \/>\nProceedings  by its own.  According to Mr.  Bhan unless\t the<br \/>\nCourt  Martial\tProceeding is found to have contravened\t any<br \/>\nmandatory  provisions of the Act or Rules or can be said  to<br \/>\nbe  in violation of the principles of natural justice or can<br \/>\nbe   said  to  be  without   jurisdiction,  it\t would\t be,<br \/>\nimpermissible  for  the\t High Court to\tinterfere  with\t the<br \/>\nconclusion  on\tthe ground of sufficiency of  evidence.\t  In<br \/>\nsupport\t of this contention reliance has been placed on\t the<br \/>\nrecent\tdecision of this Court in the case of <a href=\"\/doc\/1645476\/\">Union of India<br \/>\n&amp;  Ors.\t  vs.  Major A.\t Hussain<\/a> &#8211; Judgment Today  1997\t (9)<br \/>\nS.C.   676.  Mr.  Uday U.  Lalit, learned counsel  appearing<br \/>\nfor the respondent on the other hand contended that it is no<br \/>\ndoubt  true  that the High Court would not be  justified  in<br \/>\ninterfering  with  the\tfindings of the Authority  in  Court<br \/>\nMartial\t Proceeding  by appreciation of evidence  ordinarily<br \/>\nbut if the evidence is of such nature that no reasonable man<br \/>\ncan come to the conclusion that an offence under Section 354<br \/>\nof  the Indian Penal Code has been committed then  certainly<br \/>\nthe  Court  would  be  justified  in  interfering  with\t the<br \/>\nfindings  arrived at by the Authorities in the Court Martial<br \/>\nProceedings  and judged from that stand point there has been<br \/>\nno infirmity with the impugned judgment of the High Court.\n<\/p>\n<p>      In  view of the rival submissions at the Bar the short<br \/>\nquestion  that arises for consideration is what would be the<br \/>\nextent of the jurisdiction in exercising power under Article<br \/>\n226  of the Constitution over the findings of the  Authority<br \/>\nin  Court Martial Proceeding?  The Defence personnel serving<br \/>\nin Army, Navy or Air force when commit any offence are dealt<br \/>\nwith  by the special provisions contained in the Army Act or<br \/>\nthe  Navy  Act\tor the Air Force Act and not by\t the  normal<br \/>\nProcedure  Code.   The said Navy Act is a complete  code  by<br \/>\nitself\tand prescribes the procedure to be followed in\tcase<br \/>\nit  is\tdecided\t that an officer should be  tried  by  Court<br \/>\nMartial.   The Act also provides sufficient safeguard by way<br \/>\nof  further  appeal  to\t the Chief of  the  Staff  and\tthen<br \/>\nultimately to the Union Government.\n<\/p>\n<p>      Since  the  entire  procedure is provided in  the\t Act<br \/>\nitself and the Act also provides for a further consideration<br \/>\nby  the\t Chief\tof  the Naval Staff and then  by  the  Union<br \/>\nGovernment then ordinarily there should be a finality to the<br \/>\nfindings  arrived at by the Competent Authority in the Court<br \/>\nMartial\t  Proceeding.\t It   is   of\tcourse\t true\tthat<br \/>\nnotwithstanding\t the finality attached to the orders of\t the<br \/>\nCompetent Authority in the Court Martial Proceeding the High<br \/>\nCourt  is entitled to exercise its power of judicial  review<br \/>\nby invoking jurisdiction under Article 226 but that would be<br \/>\nfor  a limited purpose of finding out whether there has been<br \/>\ninfraction   of\t  any  mandatory   provisions  of  the\t Act<br \/>\nprescribing the procedure which has caused gross miscarriage<br \/>\nof  justice  or for finding out that whether there has\tbeen<br \/>\nviolation  of  the  principles\tof  natural  justice   which<br \/>\nvitiates  the  entire  proceeding  or  that  the   authority<br \/>\nexercising  the\t jurisdiction  had   not  been\tvested\twith<br \/>\njurisdiction  under  the  Act.\tThe said power\tof  judicial<br \/>\nreview\tcannot\tbe  a  power   of  an  Appellate   Authority<br \/>\npermitting  the High Court to re-appreciate the evidence and<br \/>\nin  coming to a conclusion that the evidence is insufficient<br \/>\nfor  the conclusion arrived at by the Competent\t Authorities<br \/>\nin  Court  Martial  Proceedings.  At any rate it  cannot  be<br \/>\nhigher\tthan  the jurisdiction of the High  Court  exercised<br \/>\nunder  Article 227 against an order of an inferior Tribunal.<br \/>\nThis  being the parameter for exercise of power of  judicial<br \/>\nreview\tagainst\t the findings of a Competent Authority in  a<br \/>\nCourt  Martial\tProceeding,  and applying the  same  to\t the<br \/>\nimpugned judgment of the High Court we have no hesitation to<br \/>\ncome  to the conclusion that the High Court over-stepped its<br \/>\njurisdiction in trying to re-appreciate the evidence of Mrs.<br \/>\nNirmala\t Sharma\t and  in coming to the conclusion  that\t her<br \/>\nevidence  is not credible enough to give a finding of  guilt<br \/>\nof  the\t respondent of a charge under Section 354.  We\thave<br \/>\nalso  perused the statement of Mrs.  Nirmala Sharma and\t the<br \/>\nconclusion  becomes  inescapable  on the basis of  the\tsaid<br \/>\nstatement  of  Mrs.  Nirmala Sharma that the respondent\t has<br \/>\nbeen  rightly found to have committed offence under  Section<br \/>\n354 by the Authorities in the Court Martial Proceedings.\n<\/p>\n<p>      In  the aforesaid premises, we set aside the  impugned<br \/>\njudgment  of the Bombay High Court and dismiss the  Criminal<br \/>\nWrit  Petition\tfiled  by  the\trespondent  and\t affirm\t the<br \/>\nultimate  order\t passed\t by the Competent Authority  in\t the<br \/>\nCourt Martial Proceeding and this appeal is allowed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India Union Of India &amp; Ors vs Himmat Singh Chahar on 12 May, 1999 Author: Pattanaik Bench: G.B.Pattanaik, K.T.Thomas PETITIONER: UNION OF INDIA &amp; ORS. Vs. RESPONDENT: HIMMAT SINGH CHAHAR DATE OF JUDGMENT: 12\/05\/1999 BENCH: G.B.Pattanaik, K.T.Thomas JUDGMENT: PATTANAIK,J. The Union of India in this appeal has challenged the judgment dated 12.11.1993, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62699","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Union Of India &amp; Ors vs Himmat Singh Chahar on 12 May, 1999 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/union-of-india-ors-vs-himmat-singh-chahar-on-12-may-1999\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Union Of India &amp; 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