{"id":632,"date":"1999-05-04T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1999-05-03T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/justice-deoki-nandan-agarwala-vs-union-of-india-anr-on-4-may-1999"},"modified":"2019-01-24T20:43:43","modified_gmt":"2019-01-24T15:13:43","slug":"justice-deoki-nandan-agarwala-vs-union-of-india-anr-on-4-may-1999","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/justice-deoki-nandan-agarwala-vs-union-of-india-anr-on-4-may-1999","title":{"rendered":"Justice Deoki Nandan Agarwala vs Union Of India &amp; Anr on 4 May, 1999"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">Justice Deoki Nandan Agarwala vs Union Of India &amp; Anr on 4 May, 1999<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: S.P.Bharucha<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: S.P.Bharucha, B.N.Kirpal, S.Rajendra Babu, S.S.M.Quadri, M.B.Shah<\/div>\n<pre>           CASE NO.:\nAppeal (civil)  411 of 1982\n\nPETITIONER:\nJUSTICE DEOKI NANDAN AGARWALA\n\nRESPONDENT:\nUNION OF INDIA &amp; ANR.\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT: 04\/05\/1999\n\nBENCH:\nS.P.BHARUCHA &amp; B.N.KIRPAL &amp; S.RAJENDRA BABU &amp; S.S.M.QUADRI &amp; M.B.SHAH\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>JUDGMENT<\/p>\n<p>DELIVERED BY:\n<\/p>\n<p>S.P.BHARUCHA, J.\n<\/p>\n<p>BHARUCHA, J.  :\n<\/p>\n<p>        The  appellant was a Judge of the  Allahabad High<br \/>\n Court.\t He  filed his income tax return for the  Assessment<br \/>\n Year  1978-79 on the basis that the salary that he  received<br \/>\n as  a Judge was not liable to tax under the Income Tax\tAct.<br \/>\n The  contention having been rejected both by the I.T.O. and<br \/>\n in  appeal,  a special leave petition was filed.   Leave to<br \/>\n appeal\twas  granted and on 19th April, 1983  the  following<br \/>\n four  questions were  referred by two learned Judges  to  a<br \/>\n Constitution Bench:\n<\/p>\n<p>       1.   Whether the salary of a Judge of the High  Court<br \/>\n of  a  State  payable  under  cl.(1) of Art.\t221  of\t the<br \/>\n Constitution  and the salary of a Judge of the Supreme Court<br \/>\n payable  under cl.(1) of Art.  125 is taxable by a law\tmade<br \/>\n by  Parliament\tunder  Entry  82 of List I  of\tthe  Seventh<br \/>\n Schedule.\n<\/p>\n<p>       2.   Whether the expression Rupees in Part D of  the<br \/>\n Second\tSchedule  which stipulates the sums payable  to\t the<br \/>\n Judges of the Supreme Court and the Judges of the High Court<br \/>\n implies the  purchasing power equivalent to the  goods\t and<br \/>\n services that could be bought in the year 1950.  That is to<br \/>\n say,  whether  the salaries so fixed should be construed  as<br \/>\n meaning their\treal  value in terms of goods  and  services<br \/>\n which they could buy at the commencement of the Constitution<br \/>\n or  do they represent their nominal value at any given point<br \/>\n of time.\n<\/p>\n<p>       3.   Whether the expression such allowances referred<br \/>\n to  in cl.(2) of Art.\t 125 and cl.(2) of Art.\t 221 of\t the<br \/>\n Constitution as payable to a Judge of the Supreme Court or a<br \/>\n Judge  of  the\tHigh  Court of\ta  State  includes  dearness<br \/>\n allowance;   and if it is so, whether the dearness allowance<br \/>\n as  paid to them from February 1, 1978 is relatable to these<br \/>\n provisions  as\tthere appears to be no express law  made  by<br \/>\n Parliament for that purpose.\n<\/p>\n<p>       4.  Whether the salary of a Judge of the Supreme Court<br \/>\n payable under cl.(1) of Art.  125 or the salary of a  Judge<br \/>\n of  the High Court of a State payable under cl.(1) of\tArt.<br \/>\n 221 is not taxable under the head Salaries;  and, if it is<br \/>\n so, is it taxable under any other head of income referred to<br \/>\n in S.14 of the Income Tax Act, 1961.\n<\/p>\n<p>       It  appears  that the second question arose on a\twrit<br \/>\n petition which stood transferred to this Court and which was<br \/>\n withdrawn earlier today.  This question does not, therefore,<br \/>\n survive for consideration.  The third question, it is\tsaid<br \/>\n by learned counsel for the appellant, was raised suo moto by<br \/>\n this  Court and we do not think, in the circumstances,\tthat<br \/>\n it should be answered.\n<\/p>\n<p>       Learned  counsel for the appellant concentrated on the<br \/>\n first  and  fourth questions.  The fundamental\tquestion  is<br \/>\n whether the salary of a High Court Judge and a Supreme Court<br \/>\n Judge  was liable to income tax prior to 1st April 1986.  It<br \/>\n must  be  stated  here that it is not  disputed that,\twith<br \/>\n effect\tfrom 1st April, 1986 when Articles 125 and 221 stood<br \/>\n amended,  such salaries are taxable because Parliament\tthen<br \/>\n became entitled to legislate thereon.\n<\/p>\n<p>       The  contention  on  behalf of the appellant  is\tthat<br \/>\n Parliament could not legislate, prior to the said amendment,<br \/>\n on  the subject of the salaries of High Court\tand  Supreme<br \/>\n Court  Judges  and that, therefore, their salaries were not<br \/>\n liable\tto  income  tax because the definition\tof  income<br \/>\n under  the  Income Tax Act includes salary.  The  argument<br \/>\n really\tis  that  the  levy of income tax  upon\t salary,  by<br \/>\n Parliamentary enactment, cuts down the Judges salaries.\n<\/p>\n<p>       There can be no doubt that prior to the said amendment<br \/>\n Parliament  could  not have legislated on Judges  salaries,<br \/>\n but it is a far cry to conclude therefrom that the salary of<br \/>\n a  Judge  is  not  taxable under the Income  Tax  Act.\t The<br \/>\n subject of  the  salary of a High Court and  Supreme  Court<br \/>\n Judge  and  the subject  of tax on  income  are  altogether<br \/>\n different  and the conclusion that is sought to be drawn  is<br \/>\n quite  unacceptable.  The salary of a Judge of a High  Court<br \/>\n and  the  Supreme Court is income and is taxable by  Act  of<br \/>\n Parliament  in just the same manner as is the income of any<br \/>\n other citizen.\n<\/p>\n<p>       It  is contended qua the fourth question that, in any<br \/>\n event,\ta Judge of a High Court and the Supreme Court has no<br \/>\n employer  and,\ttherefore, what he receives is\tnot  salary;<br \/>\n accordingly, what he receives as remuneration is not taxable<br \/>\n under  the head of salary under the Income Tax Act.  To our<br \/>\n mind,  there is a misconception here.  It is true that\tHigh<br \/>\n Court  and Supreme Court Judges have no employer, but  that,<br \/>\n ipso facto, does not mean that they do not receive salaries.<br \/>\n They are constitutional functionaries.\tArticles 125 and 221<br \/>\n of  the Constitution  deal with the salaries  of  Supreme<br \/>\n Court and High Court Judges respectively and expressly state<br \/>\n that  what  the Judges receive are salaries.  It  is  not<br \/>\n possible  to  hold, therefore, that what Judges receive are<br \/>\n not salaries or that such salaries are not taxable as income<br \/>\n under the head of salary.\n<\/p>\n<p>       The appeal is dismissed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India Justice Deoki Nandan Agarwala vs Union Of India &amp; Anr on 4 May, 1999 Author: S.P.Bharucha Bench: S.P.Bharucha, B.N.Kirpal, S.Rajendra Babu, S.S.M.Quadri, M.B.Shah CASE NO.: Appeal (civil) 411 of 1982 PETITIONER: JUSTICE DEOKI NANDAN AGARWALA RESPONDENT: UNION OF INDIA &amp; ANR. DATE OF JUDGMENT: 04\/05\/1999 BENCH: S.P.BHARUCHA &amp; B.N.KIRPAL &amp; S.RAJENDRA [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-632","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Justice Deoki Nandan Agarwala vs Union Of India &amp; Anr on 4 May, 1999 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/justice-deoki-nandan-agarwala-vs-union-of-india-anr-on-4-may-1999\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Justice Deoki Nandan Agarwala vs Union Of India &amp; 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