{"id":74723,"date":"1973-09-24T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1973-09-23T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/state-of-bihar-vs-pashupati-singh-anr-vice-versa-on-24-september-1973"},"modified":"2018-12-29T23:19:59","modified_gmt":"2018-12-29T17:49:59","slug":"state-of-bihar-vs-pashupati-singh-anr-vice-versa-on-24-september-1973","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/state-of-bihar-vs-pashupati-singh-anr-vice-versa-on-24-september-1973","title":{"rendered":"State Of Bihar vs Pashupati Singh &amp; Anr. &amp; Vice Versa on 24 September, 1973"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">State Of Bihar vs Pashupati Singh &amp; Anr. &amp; Vice Versa on 24 September, 1973<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_citations\">Equivalent citations: 1973 AIR 2699, \t\t  1974 SCR  (1) 742<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: A Alagiriswami<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: Alagiriswami, A.<\/div>\n<pre>           PETITIONER:\nSTATE OF BIHAR\n\n\tVs.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nPASHUPATI SINGH &amp; ANR. &amp; VICE VERSA\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT24\/09\/1973\n\nBENCH:\nALAGIRISWAMI, A.\nBENCH:\nALAGIRISWAMI, A.\nKHANNA, HANS RAJ\n\nCITATION:\n 1973 AIR 2699\t\t  1974 SCR  (1) 742\n 1974 SCC  (3) 376\n CITATOR INFO :\n R\t    1974 SC 799\t (15)\n F\t    1974 SC1039\t (6,12)\n E&amp;D\t    1989 SC1335\t (60)\n\n\nACT:\nCriminal Law--Practice and procedure--Whether identification\nchart should contain a complete statement.\n\n\n\nHEADNOTE:\nThe  two  deceased,  husband  and  wife,  along\t with  their\ndaughter and servant were travelling by train.\tAt a wayside\nstation\t the  two appellants and another  co-accused,  still\nabsconding, got into the compartment armed with deadly\twea-\npons.\tThe husband and wife were robbed and in the  scuffle\nthat  followed both were fatally injured.  After the  arrest\nof the, accused they were identified by the daughter and the\nservant of the deceased.  The accused were convicted by\t the\ntrial  court  for the offences under sections  394  and\t 302\nI.P.C.\nThe  High  Court,  holding  inter alia,\t that  in  the\ttest\nidentification chart there was no specific mention about the\nassault\t by  the  first\t accused on  one  of  the  deceased,\nacquitted  both\t the  accused of the offence  under  s.\t 302\nI.P.C.\nDismissing the appeal of the appellants with respect to\t the\noffence under\ns.   394  and allowing the appeal by the State with  respect\nto the offence under\ns. 3 02.\nHELD  : The use made by the judges of the High Court of\t the\ntest   identification\tchart\twas   faulty.\t The\ttest\nidentification chart would not and could not be expected  to\ncontain a complete statement.  The two accused were\nidentified by the two\t eye-witnesses\tand they both  spoke\nof the attack on one of the deceased by the second  accused.\nIt could not however,be said that the first accused did\t not\ncause  injuries to anybody or that nobody caused any  injury\nto the other   deceased.   The High Court also did not\tfind\nthat the first accused did not cause any injury to either of\nthe deceased.\t\t       [745E]\nIf it was difficult to say which injury was caused by  which\nof the accused, the natural inference would be that all\t the\nthree  accused\tcaused\tone  injury  each  on  each  of\t the\ndeceased.  As the injury caused by the weapons in the  hands\nof the two accused were such as were enough to cause  death,\nthe  two  accused were equally guilty of murder.   The\tfact\nthat  they  could  not have started with  the  intention  of\ncommitting  murder but only to commit robbery was not  rele-\nvant.\tThe injuries were sufficient in the ordinary  course\nof  nature to cause death and, therefore, the accused  would\nbe guilty of murder.\t\t\t    [745 G-B]\nConsidering  the  fact that there had been a  long  interval\nbetween the date of the offence and dismissal of the  appeal\nand  the mental agony undergone by the accused, the ends  of\njustice would be met if sentence of life imprisonment was\naward.\n[746B]\n\n\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>CRIMINAL  APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal  Nos.  53<br \/>\nand 54 of 1970.\n<\/p>\n<p>Appeals\t by special leave from the judgment and order  dated<br \/>\nthe  15th October, 1969 of the Patna High Court in  Criminal<br \/>\nAppeals Nos. 150, 152 and 167 of 1969.\n<\/p>\n<p>U.   S. Prasad, S.K. Sinha, B. B. Sinha and D. P.  Mukerjea,<br \/>\nfor  the  appellant  (in appeal 53\/70)\tand  respondent\t (in<br \/>\nappeal 54\/70).\n<\/p>\n<p>U.   P.\t Singh,\t for the respondent (in\t appeal\t 53\/70)\t and<br \/>\nappellants, (in appeal 54\/70).\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">743<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The Judgment -of the Court was delivered by-<br \/>\nALAGIRISWAMI,  J.  The two appellants in Crl.  A. N.  54  of<br \/>\n1970,  were  tried before the Additional Sessions  Judge  of<br \/>\nBhagalpur  for offences under ss. 302 and 394 of the  Indian<br \/>\nPenal Code and convicted by him for both the offences.\tOn a<br \/>\nreference   made  by  the  Additional  Sessions\t Judge\t for<br \/>\nconfirmation  of the death sentence awarded to them and\t two<br \/>\nappeals filed by them, the High Court of Patna upheld  their<br \/>\nconviction  under s. 394 but acquitted them of\tthe  offence<br \/>\nunder  section\t302.  The accused as well as  the  State  of<br \/>\nBihar  have appealed to this.  Court, the former in  respect<br \/>\nof their conviction under S. 394 and the State against their<br \/>\nacquittal  in  respect of the offence under  S.\t 302.\tThe,<br \/>\nfacts giving rise to these appeals are as follows :<br \/>\nRam  Prasad  Mandal,  a\t resident  of  Bhagalpur,  his\twife<br \/>\nRukmini. and their daughter Pushpa Devi were returning\tfrom<br \/>\nVellore, where the daughter under-went treatment.  They were<br \/>\ntravelling  from.   Calcutta  to  Bhagalpur  by\t the  Howrah<br \/>\nDanapur Fast Passenger oil 6-4-1965.  They were\t accompanied<br \/>\nby  their servant Mohan Lal. (P.W.1). At  Pirpainty  railway<br \/>\nstation appellant Pashupati Singh entered their\t compartment<br \/>\nand when the train reached Ghogha railway station  appellant<br \/>\nSutali\tRai  and another accused, now absconding,  got\tinto<br \/>\nthat  compartment.   The two appellants had Gupti  in  their<br \/>\nhands.\t After some time the absconding accused took  out  a<br \/>\nChura  and asked Ram Prasad Mandal to give him\twhatever  he<br \/>\nhad.   Appellant  Pashupati Singh stood near Mohan  Lal\t and<br \/>\nSutali\tRai  near Rukmini Devi.\t Ram Prasad  Mandal  offered<br \/>\nwhatever  he  had  but\ttried  to  catch  the  hand  of\t the<br \/>\nabsconding   accused.\tThereupon  all\tthe  three   accused<br \/>\nattacked  Ram  Prasad Mandal who fell  down.   Rukmini\tDevi<br \/>\nasked them not to assault and took out her churies from\t one<br \/>\nhand  and handed over to one of the accused.   Her  necklace<br \/>\nwas snatched by one of the three accused and when she  tried<br \/>\nto pull the alarm chain all the three assaulted her with the<br \/>\nweapons\t in their hands and she also fell down.\t  Mohan\t Lal<br \/>\nwho  tried  to\tintervene  was assaulted  with\ta  Gupti  by<br \/>\nPashupati  Singh and relieved of his wrist watch and  rupees<br \/>\nfifty  or sixty, which he had.\tPushpa Devi handed over\t her<br \/>\nornaments.   The miscreants thereafter pulled the chain\t and<br \/>\ngot out of the train.  When the train stopped, Fireman Abdul<br \/>\nAziz (P.W.8) came to the compartment and found Pushpa crying<br \/>\nand  Ram Prasad Mandal and Rukmini Devi lying injured.\t The<br \/>\nGuard  (P.W.10)\t also  came, there.   At  the  next  railway<br \/>\nstation Sabour the Assistant Station Master (P.W.5)  advised<br \/>\nthem  to go to Bhagalpur as there would be delay in  getting<br \/>\nmedical\t aid at Sabour.\t He also informed Bhagalpur  railway<br \/>\nstation.  The train reached Bhagalpur at about 1.15 A.M.  on<br \/>\n7-4-1965.  P.W.10 handed over a written memo, Ext.2, to\t the<br \/>\nOfficer-in-charge Railway Police, on the basis of which\t the<br \/>\nfirst  information  report was drawn up by P.W.12  at  about<br \/>\n1.45  A.M.  By\tthis time Ram Prasad  Mandal  was  dead\t and<br \/>\nRukmini\t Devi was in a serious condition.  All of them\twere<br \/>\nsent to the hospital where Rukmini Devi died at 6 A.M.\tThe-<br \/>\nappellant  Sutali Rai surrendered on the 10th of  May,\t1965<br \/>\nwhile  Pashupati  Singh was arrested on the,  11th  of\tMay.<br \/>\n1965.\tIn the test indentification parade held on the\t24th<br \/>\nof May, 1965 Mohan Lal and<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">744<\/span><br \/>\nPushpa Devi identified both of them.  In due course a charge<br \/>\nsheet was laid against both of them with the result  already<br \/>\nmentioned.\n<\/p>\n<p>Pashupati Singh&#8217;s defence was that he was innocent, that the<br \/>\ntwo .eye witnesses had opportunities to know him before\t the<br \/>\noccurrence  .and that he had been shown to them\t before\t the<br \/>\nidentification parade.\tSutali Rai also alleged that he\t had<br \/>\nbeen  shown to the identifying witnesses.  We are  satisfied<br \/>\nthat  the conclusion arrived at by the courts  below  found.<br \/>\nIf  as alleged by Pashupati Singh, PWs I and 2 and they\t had<br \/>\nproperly  identified  the assailants, is based on  a  proper<br \/>\nappreciation of the evidence.  We shall later deal with\t the<br \/>\nquestion  .as  to the offence of which the  appellants\twere<br \/>\nacquitted.\n<\/p>\n<p>A number of suggestions, some of them even contradictory  of<br \/>\neach other, and none of them in any way seriously  affecting<br \/>\nthe  veracity  of PWs I and 2, were put forward\t before\t the<br \/>\ncourts below as well as before this Court.  We find them all<br \/>\ndevoid\tof substance just as the courts below found.  If  as<br \/>\nalleged\t by  Pashupati\tSingh, PWs I and  2  had  known\t him<br \/>\nearlier\t there\twas  hardly any need to show  him  to.\tthem<br \/>\nbefore\tthe identification parade.  What is more, PWs 1\t and<br \/>\n2,  if\tthey had known Pashupati Singh earlier,\t would\thave<br \/>\ninformed  the police, that they knew one, of the  assailants<br \/>\nand  could identify him though they did not know  his  name.<br \/>\nThat  was not the case here.  There is no motive either\t for<br \/>\nPW  I or PW 2 falsely implicating the  appellants.   Nothing<br \/>\nwhich can shake their credibility has been elicited in their<br \/>\ncross-examination.   Very  vague and wild  suggestions\twere<br \/>\nmade  ,about  the possibility of Rain Prasad  Mandal  having<br \/>\nbeen  murdered by his nephew Tarkeshwar Prasad;\t that  there<br \/>\nhad  been an attempt on the life of Ram Prasad Mandal&#8217;s\t son<br \/>\nand  the  same\tperson\tmight  have  been  responsible\t for<br \/>\nmurdering  Ram\tPrasad Mandal; that Ram\t Prasad\t might\thave<br \/>\nkilled\thim on that account.  There is no substance  in\t any<br \/>\none of these suggestions.  It was also suggested that  Mohan<br \/>\nLal  was  not in the compartment when  the  occurrence\ttook<br \/>\nplace, as Tarkeshwar Prasad who is -,aid to have sent  money<br \/>\nthrough\t him to Calcutta was not examined and  nobody  else,<br \/>\nspoke  of  his leaving for Calcutta Some argument  was\teven<br \/>\nsought\tto be made on the basis of the presence of only\t two<br \/>\nholdalls and of the impossibility of Pushpa Devi having\t sat<br \/>\non  Mohan Lal&#8217;s holdall.  There can be no doubt\t that  Mohan<br \/>\nLal  was  present  in the compartment at the  time  of\tthe,<br \/>\noccurrence.   It  was  not even put to Pushpa  Devi  in\t her<br \/>\ncross-examination  that Mohan Lal was not present.  Nor\t was<br \/>\nsuch  a suggestion put to Mohan Lal.  We consider  that\t the<br \/>\nevidence clearly establishes that it was the two  appellants<br \/>\nand  the  absconding accused who were  responsible  for\t the<br \/>\nrobbery and the murders committed on the train.<br \/>\nWe  do not think it necessary to refer at length to all\t the<br \/>\nevidence &#8216;in this case or all the points that were raised in<br \/>\nthe course of the arguments as we do not consider that\tthey<br \/>\nin  any way weaken the findings of the courts below  on\t the<br \/>\ncentral\t point about -the robbery and the murders  and\tthis<br \/>\nCourt  does not normally re-appraise the evidence except  in<br \/>\ncases of gross miscarriage of justice.\n<\/p>\n<p>74 5<br \/>\nWe  now\t come  to the appeal filed by  the  State  of  Bihar<br \/>\nagainst the acquittal of the two appellants of the charge of<br \/>\nmurder-\t We are of opinion that the conclusion of  the\tHigh<br \/>\nCourt on this point cannot be accepted.\t The learned  Judges<br \/>\nof the High Court referred to the injuries found on the\t two<br \/>\ndeceased and to the medical evidence that of the 3  injuries<br \/>\nfound on each of the two deceased one could have been caused<br \/>\nby a dagger while the other two could have been caused by  a<br \/>\nGupti.\t According to the prosecution evidence,\t the  dagger<br \/>\ninjuries were given by the absconding accused while the\t two<br \/>\nother  injuries\t were  given by\t the  two  appellants.\t The<br \/>\nlearned Judges thought that Pashupati Singh who was mounting<br \/>\nguard  on  Mohan Lal would not have gone away from  him\t and<br \/>\nassaulted  Ram\tPrasad Mandal and Rukmini Devi.\t  They\thave<br \/>\nalso  stated that in the test identification chart there  is<br \/>\nno  mention about specific assault by Sutali Rai on  Rukmini<br \/>\nDevi.\tThey  considered  that when  the  weapons  were\t not<br \/>\nproduced  and there was no description of the weapons  given<br \/>\nit was difficult to hold that a particular injury was caused<br \/>\nby  the\t absconding accused while the  other  injuries\twere<br \/>\ncaused by the two appellants.  They were of the opinion that<br \/>\nit  could  not\tbe inferred that the  miscreants  wanted  to<br \/>\ncommit\tmurder while committing robbery, and that there\t was<br \/>\nno intention or common intention to commit murder.  This was<br \/>\nthe  reason which led them to hold that the appellants\twere<br \/>\nnot guilty of the offence of murder.  We are of opinion that<br \/>\nthe use made by the learned Judges of the High Court of\t the<br \/>\ntest\tidentification\t chart\t is   faulty.\t The\ttest<br \/>\nidentification\tchart  does not and cannot  be\texpected  to<br \/>\ncontain\t a  complete  statement.   It  shows  that  P.W.   1<br \/>\nidentified  both the accused and he was robbed of his  wrist<br \/>\nwatch and money.  It also mentions that he also stated\tthat<br \/>\nSutali\tRai attacked Ram Prasad Mandal with Gupti.  P.W.  2,<br \/>\nPushpa Devi, is said to have identified both the  appellants<br \/>\nand stated that she saw Pashupati Singh attack and rob Mohan<br \/>\nLal  of\t his watch and that Sutali Rai attacked\t Ram  Prasad<br \/>\nMandal with a Gupti.  It will be seen that the mention\there<br \/>\nis  only about Sutali Rai attacking Ram Prasad\tMandal\twith<br \/>\nGupti.\t It  cannot  therefore be said nor  do\tthe  learned<br \/>\nJudges\tsay, that Pashupati Singh did not cause injuries  to<br \/>\nanybody\t and nobody caused any injury to Rukmini  Devi.\t  We<br \/>\nwould  have understood it if the learned Judges\t had  stated<br \/>\nthat  Pashupati Singh did not cause any injury to either  of<br \/>\nthe deceased.  They do not say so.  We should also  consider<br \/>\nthat  if it was difficult to say which injury was caused  by<br \/>\nwhich  of the accused, the natural inference would  be\tthat<br \/>\nall the three accused caused one injujry each on each of the<br \/>\ndeceased.  As the injuries caused by the Guptis were such as<br \/>\nwere  enough to cause death the two appellants\tare  equally<br \/>\nguilty of murder.\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">746<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The  fact  that\t they could not have started  out  with\t the<br \/>\nintention  of committing murder but only with the  intention<br \/>\nof  committing robbery is neither here nor there.   If\tthey<br \/>\nhave  caused injuries which were sufficient in the  ordinary<br \/>\ncourse\tof nature to cause death there can be no doubt\tthat<br \/>\nthey  would be guilty of murder.  We would, therefore,\thold<br \/>\ndiffering  from the learned Judges of the High\tCourt,\tthat<br \/>\nboth  the  accused  are guilty of  the\toffence\t of  murder.<br \/>\nConsidering  the fact, however, that there has been  a\tlong<br \/>\ninterval  between  the date of the offence and now  and\t the<br \/>\nappellants  having been under a sentence of death till\tthey<br \/>\nwere acquitted by the High Court they would have undergone a<br \/>\nperiod\tof mental agony, we would consider that the ends  of<br \/>\njustice would be met in the circumstances of this case if  a<br \/>\nsentence  of  life  imprisonment  is  awarded  to  the\t two<br \/>\nappellants.   The  appeal by the State is  allowed  to\tthis<br \/>\nextent and the appeal filed by the accused is dismissed.\n<\/p>\n<pre>P.B.R.\t\t     Cr.  Appeal 53 of 1970 allowed.\n\t\t    Cr.\t Appeal 54 of 1970 dismissed.\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">747<\/span>\n\n\n\n<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India State Of Bihar vs Pashupati Singh &amp; Anr. &amp; Vice Versa on 24 September, 1973 Equivalent citations: 1973 AIR 2699, 1974 SCR (1) 742 Author: A Alagiriswami Bench: Alagiriswami, A. PETITIONER: STATE OF BIHAR Vs. RESPONDENT: PASHUPATI SINGH &amp; ANR. &amp; VICE VERSA DATE OF JUDGMENT24\/09\/1973 BENCH: ALAGIRISWAMI, A. BENCH: ALAGIRISWAMI, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-74723","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>State Of Bihar vs Pashupati Singh &amp; Anr. &amp; Vice Versa on 24 September, 1973 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/state-of-bihar-vs-pashupati-singh-anr-vice-versa-on-24-september-1973\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"State Of Bihar vs Pashupati Singh &amp; 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