{"id":76857,"date":"2009-11-19T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2009-11-18T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/2-gyani-ram-vs-state-of-chhattisgarh-on-19-november-2009"},"modified":"2015-09-25T21:06:23","modified_gmt":"2015-09-25T15:36:23","slug":"2-gyani-ram-vs-state-of-chhattisgarh-on-19-november-2009","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/2-gyani-ram-vs-state-of-chhattisgarh-on-19-november-2009","title":{"rendered":"2 Gyani Ram vs State Of Chhattisgarh on 19 November, 2009"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Chattisgarh High Court<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">2 Gyani Ram vs State Of Chhattisgarh on 19 November, 2009<\/div>\n<pre>       \n\n  \n\n  \n\n \n \n  HIGH COURT OF CHATTISGARH AT BILASPUR          \n\n Criminal Appeal No 858 of  2004\n\n 1 Shivaram\n\n\n  2 Gyani Ram \n                                                 ...Petitioners\n\n                          Versus\n\n State of Chhattisgarh\n                                                ...Respondents\n\n\n! M r C Jayant Kumar Rao counsel for the appellant No 1 M r N K Mehta counsel for the appellant No 2\n\n^ M r Rakesh Jha Deputy Govt Advocate for the State\n\n CORAM: Honble Shri R N Chandrakar J   \n\n Dated: 19\/11\/2009\n\n: Judgement \n\n\n                      J U D G M E N T\n<\/pre>\n<p>       Delivered on this  19th  day of November 2009<\/p>\n<p>  Criminal appeal Us 374 2 of the Code of Criminal Procedure 1973<\/p>\n<p>  1.   The appellants have preferred this appeal against the<\/p>\n<p>     judgment of conviction and order of sentence dated 14-9-<\/p>\n<p>     2004  passed by the Special Judge, Ambikapur, District<\/p>\n<p>     Sarguja  In  Special  Case No.  80\/2002,  whereby  the<\/p>\n<p>     accused\/appellants have been convicted under Section 376<\/p>\n<p>     (2) (g) of the IPC and sentenced to undergo R.I. for ten<\/p>\n<p>     years and to pay fine of Rs.500\/- each, in default  of<\/p>\n<p>     payment of fine to undergo further S.I. for three months.<\/p>\n<p>2.   The prosecution case as set out in the First<br \/>\nInformation Report (FIR) is that the prosecutrix namely<br \/>\nKalawati was residing along with her mother in village<br \/>\nKotagahana  in  the  house of   one Jugeshwar Choubey.<br \/>\nOn 3-9-2002 she went to the house of Bramhdeo @ Lilu Yadav<br \/>\n(PW\/8) to obtain iron press for ironing her clothes.  At<br \/>\nthe same time, at about 2.00 p.m., the appellants along<br \/>\nwith another person came in a Marshal Jeep and seeing her,<br \/>\nstopped the jeep in front of the house of Bramhdeo @ Lilu<br \/>\nYadav (PW\/8).    The accused\/appellants forcibly dragged<br \/>\nthe prosecutrix in the jeep and she cried for help. Hearing<br \/>\nher outcry when Bramhdeo @ Lilu Yadav (PW\/8) came out of<br \/>\nhis house,   the accused\/appellants started the jeep and<br \/>\ntook the prosecutrix to  Behrakhand forest where  appellant<br \/>\nNo.1 Shivaram  forcibly got her down from the jeep and<br \/>\ncommitted rape on her.  The prosecutrix made outcry and<br \/>\nstarted weeping, hearing which Budhan Korwa, Lilu @<br \/>\nBhramhdeo and her mother namely Urmila came there.   After<br \/>\nthe incident the appellants fled away from the spot in the<br \/>\nsaid jeep.   On the same day i.e., on 3-9-2002 at 4.30 p.m.<br \/>\nthe prosecutrix lodged the FIR  (Ex.P\/4) in Police Station,<br \/>\nRajpur, where the offence was registered against the<br \/>\nappellants and the matter was investigated.\n<\/p>\n<p>  3.     During  investigation,  the  prosecutrix  and  the<\/p>\n<p>     appellant No.1 Shivaram were sent for medical examination<\/p>\n<p>     vide  Ex.P\/8  and  Ex.P\/3 respectively  to  Government<\/p>\n<p>     Hospitals, Rajpur and  Ambikapur  where Doctors examined<\/p>\n<p>     both of them and gave their reports vide Ex.P\/4 &amp; P\/2.<\/p>\n<p>     Investigating Officer seized the clothes of  prosecutrix<\/p>\n<p>     vide Ex.P\/3, broken bangles, one empty sachet of Pan-Parag<\/p>\n<p>     etc.,  from the spot vide Ex.P\/10, the offending vehicle<\/p>\n<p>     from Noharsai vide Ex.P\/1 and prepared the spot map vide<\/p>\n<p>     Ex.P\/11.  The clothes of the prosecutrix were sent to the<\/p>\n<p>     Doctor for medical examination vide Ex.P\/12.<\/p>\n<p>4.    After completing the investigation, charge-sheet was<br \/>\nfiled in the competent court who in turn, committed the<br \/>\ncase to the trial Court.   Learned trial Court framed the<br \/>\ncharge under Section 376 (2) (g) of the IPC read with<br \/>\nSection 3 (2)(5) of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled<br \/>\nTribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989  against the<br \/>\nappellants.  The appellants abjured the guilt.\n<\/p>\n<p>  5.     The  prosecution, in order to establish the charge<\/p>\n<p>     against   the  appellants,  examined  nine  witnesses.<\/p>\n<p>     Thereafter, the statements of the accused\/appellants were<\/p>\n<p>     recorded under Section 313 of the Cr.P.C, in which they<\/p>\n<p>     denied the circumstances appearing against them and pleaded<\/p>\n<p>     their innocence and false implication.  The appellants<\/p>\n<p>     examined  Sukhram (DW\/1) and Budhanram (DW\/2)  in their <\/p>\n<p>     defence.\n<\/p>\n<p>  6.   After hearing learned counsel for the parties and on<\/p>\n<p>     evaluation of the evidence available on record, the trial<\/p>\n<p>     Court  convicted and sentenced the appellants as noted<\/p>\n<p>     above.\n<\/p>\n<p>7.   Learned counsel appearing for the appellants submit<br \/>\nthat the judgment of the trial Court is not only perverse,<br \/>\nbad and contrary to law but also is manifestly wrong,<br \/>\nleading to a grave miscarriage of justice.  The trial Court<br \/>\nfailed to appreciate and scrutinize judicially the facts<br \/>\nand circumstances of the case.  In view of the evidence and<br \/>\nmaterial available on record, there is no iota of evidence<br \/>\nagainst appellant No.2 to connect with this so-called gang<br \/>\nrape.  As a matter of fact, this case does not fall within<br \/>\nthe ambit of Section 376 (2) (g) of the IPC.  The role of<br \/>\nthe appellant No.2 has not been disclosed in the case.  In<br \/>\nthis connection, the trial Court has wrongly held that the<br \/>\nappellant No.2 was playing an active role in the commitment<br \/>\nof rape by appellant No.1 with the prosecutrix.  The trial<br \/>\nCourt has arbitrarily and blindly believed the<br \/>\nuncorroborated statement of PW-8 Lilu alias Bramhdeo whose<br \/>\nconduct is doubtful.    Learned counsel further submit that<br \/>\nthe prosecutrix stated in para 20 of her deposition that<br \/>\nshe had never gone to the house of Bramhdeo (PW\/8)  which<br \/>\ncreates a great suspicion that she  tried to hide the real<br \/>\nfact, therefore, her testimony appears to be unreliable and<br \/>\nuntrustworthy.  Learned counsel lastly submit that<br \/>\nconsidering the entire facts, the judgment of conviction<br \/>\nand order of sentence be set aside and the appellants be<br \/>\nacquitted of the charge.  Learned counsel in support of<br \/>\ntheir contentions,   placed  reliance in  <a href=\"\/doc\/129278\/\">Pardeep Kumar vs.<br \/>\nUnion  Administration, Chandigarh,<\/a> 2006 STPL (LE) 37389 SC.\n<\/p>\n<p>8.   Per contra, learned counsel appearing for the<br \/>\nrespondent\/State in support of the impugned judgment of the<br \/>\nlower Court submits that the accused\/appellants were<br \/>\nrightly convicted under Section 376 (2) (g) of the IPC as<br \/>\nit was amply proved by the prosecution that both the<br \/>\nappellants acted in concert to commit rape on the<br \/>\nprosecutrix and in furtherance of the common intention,<br \/>\nrape was committed by appellant No.1.\n<\/p>\n<p>9.   I have heard learned counsel for the parties, perused<br \/>\nthe record of the trial Court and also the impugned<br \/>\njudgment.\n<\/p>\n<p>10.  In order to appreciate the arguments advanced by<br \/>\nlearned counsel for the parties, it would be appropriate to<br \/>\nextract the relevant provision of Section 376 of the IPC<br \/>\nwhich reads as under:\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>        376. Punishment for rape.-\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>        (2) Whoever,-\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>        (g)  commits gang rape, shall be punished with rigorous<br \/>\n               imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than ten<br \/>\n               years but which may be for life and shall also be liable to<br \/>\n               fine:\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>                Provided &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>        Explanation  1.-Where a woman  is  raped  by<br \/>\n        one or more in a group of persons acting  in<br \/>\n        furtherance of their common intention,  each<br \/>\n        of  the  persons  shall be  deemed  to  have<br \/>\n        committed  gang rape within the  meaning  of<br \/>\n        this sub-section&#8221;\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>  11.   In  view  of the aforesaid provision and  on  going<\/p>\n<p>     through the record of the trial Court, the evidence of the<\/p>\n<p>     prosecutrix Kalawati (PW\/5) and Brahmdeo @ Lilu  Yadav<\/p>\n<p>     (PW\/8) are substantial  to analyze the factual matrix of<\/p>\n<p>     the case with regard to the conduct and role played by the<\/p>\n<p>     appellants in commission of the offence.<\/p>\n<p>12.  PW\/5 Kalawati, prosecutrix stated in her deposition<br \/>\nthat on the date of incident when she went to the house of<br \/>\nBrahmdeo @ Lilu Yadav (PW\/8) to obtain iron press for<br \/>\nironing her clothes,  the appellants accompanied by another<br \/>\nperson came there in a Marshal Jeep and forcibly  dragged<br \/>\nher in the  Jeep which was  driven by the appellant No.2.<br \/>\nShe was taken to Berhakhand forest where appellant No.1<br \/>\ndragged her from the jeep and throwing her on the ground,<br \/>\ncommitted rape on her. She further deposed that despite her<br \/>\nresistance and outcry, the appellant No.1 did not set her<br \/>\nfree.  The appellant No.1 threatened the prosecutrix to<br \/>\nkill by showing sword if she did not yield to his wish.<br \/>\nShe also stated that at the time of committing the offence<br \/>\nby appellant No.1, the appellant No.2 left the place of<br \/>\noccurrence with the offending vehicle to his house where<br \/>\nher mother asked him about her whereabouts to which the<br \/>\nappellant No.2 denied.  After the incident, her mother,<br \/>\nBrahmdeo (PW\/8) and other persons came to the spot.  The<br \/>\nappellant No.2 also came there again  with the offending<br \/>\nvehicle  in which he took away the appellant No.1 from the<br \/>\nspot. Thereafter, she lodged the report of the incident<br \/>\nvide Ex\/P\/4 against the appellants in Police Station<br \/>\nRajpur.   Thereafter, she was sent to the Government<br \/>\nHospital, Rajpur, for medical examination.  Her clothes<br \/>\nwere seized vide Ex.P\/3, her broken bangles were seized<br \/>\nfrom the spot vide Ex.P\/10 and spot map was prepared vide<br \/>\nEx.P\/11 by the Police.\n<\/p>\n<p>13.  The prosecutrix was cross examined at length in which<br \/>\nshe denied all most all the suggestions given by the<br \/>\ndefence and remained consistent to her statement.    She<br \/>\nspecifically denied the suggestion that she herself<br \/>\naccompanied the appellants in the Jeep and did not make any<br \/>\noutcry.  She also denied the suggestion that she herself<br \/>\nalighted from the jeep and stated that she was dragged from<br \/>\nthe jeep by appellant No.1.  She specifically admitted that<br \/>\nwhen she was made to sit in the Jeep, she made outcry and<br \/>\nhearing the same  Bramhdeo @ Lilu Yadav came out from the<br \/>\nhouse.  Thus, on anxious evaluation of her deposition, it<br \/>\nis evident that the defence was unable to elicit any<br \/>\nsubstantial contradictions, omissions or improvements by<br \/>\nwhich her testimony can be held unreliable or<br \/>\nuntrustworthy.\n<\/p>\n<p>  14.  The testimony of the prosecutrix is also corroborated<\/p>\n<p>     by  Brahmdeo  (PW\/8) who categorically stated  in  his<\/p>\n<p>     deposition that on the date of incident, the prosecutrix<\/p>\n<p>     came to his house for obtaining iron press, at that time,<\/p>\n<p>     he  was  taking his lunch.  Hearing the outcry of  the<\/p>\n<p>     prosecutrix, when he came out from the house, he saw that<\/p>\n<p>     the appellants were forcibly taking the prosecutrix in a<\/p>\n<p>     marshal jeep.  Thereafter, he went to the mother of the<\/p>\n<p>     prosecutrix and narrated the fact. After some time, the<\/p>\n<p>     jeep was found standing near the house of appellant No.2.<\/p>\n<p>     The mother of the prosecutrix went there and the appellants<\/p>\n<p>     took the jeep towards forest.  The appellant No.2 blew horn<\/p>\n<p>     and the appellant No.1 rushed to the jeep. Thereafter the<\/p>\n<p>     prosecutrix  came out from the forest by  weeping  and<\/p>\n<p>     narrated the incident to him and her mother in presence of<\/p>\n<p>     some other persons of the village.  Thereafter, the report<\/p>\n<p>     of the incident was lodged in Police Station, Rajpur.  He<\/p>\n<p>     admitted the spot map (Ex.P\/11), seizure of broken bangles<\/p>\n<p>     and empty sachet of Pan-Parag from the spot vide Ex.P\/10 as<\/p>\n<p>     also the clothes of the prosecutrix vide Ex.P\/3. In his<\/p>\n<p>     cross examination this witness remained consistent and<\/p>\n<p>     unrebutted to the fact that when he came out from the house<\/p>\n<p>     hearing the outcry of the prosecutrix, he saw that the<\/p>\n<p>     appellants were forcibly taking away the prosecutrix in a<\/p>\n<p>     marshal jeep.  He categorically stated that he gave this<\/p>\n<p>     information to the mother of the prosecutrix and saw the<\/p>\n<p>     prosecutrix at the place of incident where she was weeping.<\/p>\n<p>     He denied the suggestion that the incident was not narrated<\/p>\n<p>     by the prosecutrix in his presence.  Thus, the version of<\/p>\n<p>     this witness inspires confidence and finds corroboration<\/p>\n<p>     with the testimony of the prosecutrix despite there being<\/p>\n<p>     some discrepancies not amounting to material contradiction.<\/p>\n<p>  15.    Hon&#8217;ble the Supreme Court in State of H.P. v. Lekh<\/p>\n<p>     Raj (2000)1 SCC 247  on the aspect of discrepancy observed<\/p>\n<p>     as under:\n<\/p>\n<p>             &#8220;Discrepancy     has     to      be<br \/>\n             distinguished  from  contradiction.\n<\/p>\n<p>             Whereas   contradiction   in    the<br \/>\n             statement of the witness  is  fatal<br \/>\n             for the case, minor discrepancy  or<br \/>\n             variance in evidence will not  make<br \/>\n             the  prosecution&#8217;s  case  doubtful.\n<\/p>\n<p>             The  normal  course  of  the  human<br \/>\n             conduct   would   be   that   while<br \/>\n             narrating  a  particular   incident<br \/>\n             there      may     occur      minor<br \/>\n             discrepancies,  such  discrepancies<br \/>\n             in law may render credential to the<br \/>\n             depositions. Parrot-like statements<br \/>\n             are  disfavoured by the courts.  In<br \/>\n             order  to  ascertain as to  whether<br \/>\n             the  discrepancy  pointed  out  was<br \/>\n             minor  or  not or the same amounted<br \/>\n             to    contradiction,   regard    is<br \/>\n             required   to   be   had   to   the<br \/>\n             circumstances  of   the   case   by<br \/>\n             keeping  in view the social  status<br \/>\n             of the witnesses and environment in<br \/>\n             which  such witness was making  the<br \/>\n             statement&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<p>  16.   Learned counsel for the appellants pointing towards<\/p>\n<p>     the statement made by the prosecutrix in para 20 of her<\/p>\n<p>     deposition  tried  to discredit the testimony  of  the<\/p>\n<p>     prosecutrix and submitted that she never went to the house<\/p>\n<p>     of Brahmdeo (PW\/8). The extract of  para 20 reads  as &#8220;eSa<\/p>\n<p>     czEgnso ds ?kj dHkh ugha x;h]] blfy;s ml fnu tc ek&#8217;kZy thi<\/p>\n<p>     mlds ?kj ds lkeus vk;h rks eSa mlds ?kj ugha ?kqlh&#8221; On<\/p>\n<p>     scrutiny, the meaning of para 20  is found  that   the<\/p>\n<p>     prosecutrix never visited the house of Brahmdeo (PW\/8)<\/p>\n<p>     before the incident, therefore, on the date of incident<\/p>\n<p>     also when the Marshal Jeep came in front of the house of<\/p>\n<p>     Brahmdeo, she did not enter  his house.  The statement of<\/p>\n<p>     the  prosecutrix is to be viewed in the context of the<\/p>\n<p>     statement of Brahmdeo who categorically stated in para 27<\/p>\n<p>     to 29 of his deposition that  it was for the first time<\/p>\n<p>     when the prosecutrix came to his house for obtaining iron<\/p>\n<p>     press on the date of incident  and  was standing out of the<\/p>\n<p>     house. Thus, there is no force in the contention of learned<\/p>\n<p>     counsel for the appellants and it appears that the gist of<\/p>\n<p>     the  deposition  of the prosecutrix has  wrongly  been<\/p>\n<p>     interpreted only with a view to discredit the testimony of<\/p>\n<p>     the prosecutrix.  The interpretation\/translation of any<\/p>\n<p>     sentence or paragraph should be based on its full context.<\/p>\n<p>     It would not be apposite to pick up and interpret only half<\/p>\n<p>     of the sentence which goes in favour of the appellants,<\/p>\n<p>     leaving the other portion untouched.\n<\/p>\n<p>  17.   It  is evident that the forcible intercourse on the<\/p>\n<p>     prosecutrix is also established by the evidence of Doctor<\/p>\n<p>     Smt. Kiran Bhajgawali (PW\/4) who examined the prosecutrix<\/p>\n<p>     on 4-9-2002. She found multiple abrasion marks on hips and<\/p>\n<p>     waists of the prosecutrix as also a small tear at 6&#8242; O<\/p>\n<p>     clock position  in her hymen. On examination by finger, the<\/p>\n<p>     prosecutrix felt pain and tenderness.  The doctor gave her<\/p>\n<p>     report vide Ex.P\/4 and opined that the recent intercourse<\/p>\n<p>     was performed on her and the injuries were caused within 12<\/p>\n<p>     to  24  hours by hard and blunt object.  In her  cross<\/p>\n<p>     examination, the Doctor Smt. Kiran Bhagwali denied the<\/p>\n<p>     suggestion that the hymen of the prosecutrix was old torn<\/p>\n<p>     and she was accustomed to sexual intercourse.    Further,<\/p>\n<p>     appellant No.1 was examined by Doctor B.S. Sangar (PW\/2) <\/p>\n<p>     vide Ex.P\/2 who found him to be potent.  Thus, it cannot be<\/p>\n<p>     ruled out that the forcible intercourse was not performed<\/p>\n<p>     by the appellant No.1 with the prosecutrix.  The clothes of<\/p>\n<p>     the prosecutrix were advised to send for chemical analysis<\/p>\n<p>     by the Doctor Smt. Kiran Bhajgawali (PW\/4) but the FSL<\/p>\n<p>     report is not available on record.  It is made clear that<\/p>\n<p>     in view of the consistent and credible evidence of the<\/p>\n<p>     prosecutrix which is corroborated by Brahmdeo (PW\/8), it<\/p>\n<p>     need not be further corroborated by any medical evidence.<\/p>\n<p>     Apart from this, injuries were found on the body of the<\/p>\n<p>     prosecutrix which goes to show the only fact that she was<\/p>\n<p>     forcibly raped against her will.\n<\/p>\n<p>  18.  Hon&#8217;ble the Supreme Court in the matter of Sri Narayan<\/p>\n<p>     Saha and another vs. State of Tripura  reported in  (2004)<\/p>\n<p>     7 SCC 775  on the aspect of corroboration observed  as<\/p>\n<p>     under.\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>                 &#8220;The prosecutrix of the sex offence<br \/>\n               cannot   be   put  on  a   par   with<br \/>\n               accomplice.  She is in fact, a victim<br \/>\n               of  the  crime and her evidence  must<br \/>\n               receive   the  same  weight   as   is<br \/>\n               attached  to an injured witness.   It<br \/>\n               can      be      accepted     without<br \/>\n               corroboration, if the court,  keeping<br \/>\n               in  mind that it is dealing with  the<br \/>\n               evidence   of   a   person   who   is<br \/>\n               interested  in  the  outcome  of  the<br \/>\n               charge  leveled by her, is  satisfied<br \/>\n               that it can act on her evidence&#8221;.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>  19.   Further, Hon&#8217;ble the Supreme Court in the matter of<\/p>\n<p>     <a href=\"\/doc\/971977\/\">State of M.P. vs. Dayal Sahu,<\/a>  reported in 2005 AIR SCW<\/p>\n<p>     4839,  observed  as under:\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>                 &#8220;Once  the statement of prosecutrix<br \/>\n               inspires  confidence and accepted  by<br \/>\n               the courts as such, conviction can be<br \/>\n               passed  only on the solitary evidence<br \/>\n               of    the    prosecutrix    and    no<br \/>\n               corroboration   would   be   required<br \/>\n               unless  there are compelling  reasons<br \/>\n               which  necessitate  the  courts   for<br \/>\n               corroboration   of   her   statement.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>               Corroboration  of  testimony  of  the<br \/>\n               prosecutrix   as  a   condition   for<br \/>\n               judicial    reliance   is    not    a<br \/>\n               requirement of law, but a guidance of<br \/>\n               prudence  under the given  facts  and<br \/>\n               circumstances&#8221;.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>  20.   So far as the involvement of the appellant No.2  in<\/p>\n<p>     crime  in question is concerned, it is clear from  the<\/p>\n<p>     evidence of the prosecutrix (PW\/5) and Brahmdeo (PW\/8) that<\/p>\n<p>     he was present with the appellant No.1 right from beginning<\/p>\n<p>     to  end.  It is evident that the offending vehicle was<\/p>\n<p>     driven by appellant No.2 in which the prosecutrix  was<\/p>\n<p>     boarded by appellant No.1 and taken away to the forest<\/p>\n<p>     where the prosecutrix was raped by appellant No.1.  It is<\/p>\n<p>     also evident that during commission of offence by appellant<\/p>\n<p>     No.1,   the jeep was brought by appellant No.2 to his house<\/p>\n<p>     where  he met the mother of the prosecutrix and stated<\/p>\n<p>     nothing about whereabouts of her daughter.  Thereafter, he<\/p>\n<p>     again went to the place of occurrence with the offending<\/p>\n<p>     vehicle and took away the appellant No.1 after commission<\/p>\n<p>     of the offence.  Thus, the conduct of the appellant No.2<\/p>\n<p>     goes  to  show  that  he had the common  intention  to<\/p>\n<p>     participate in the crime and acted in furtherance of that<\/p>\n<p>     common intention just to facilitate the appellant No.1 in<\/p>\n<p>     commission of the crime in question with the prosecutrix.<\/p>\n<p>  21.  Hon&#8217;ble the Supreme Court in Ashok Kumar vs. State of<\/p>\n<p>     Haryana (2003) 2 SCC 143 on the aspect of common intention<\/p>\n<p>     observed as under:\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>             &#8220;In  order to establish an  offence<br \/>\n             under  Section 376(2)(g) IPC,  read<br \/>\n             with  Explanation  I  thereto,  the<br \/>\n             prosecution must adduce evidence to<br \/>\n             indicate that more than one accused<br \/>\n             had acted in concert and in such an<br \/>\n             event,  if  rape had been committed<br \/>\n             by  even one, all the accused  will<br \/>\n             be  guilty irrespective of the fact<br \/>\n             that  she had been raped by one  or<br \/>\n             more   of  them  and  it   is   not<br \/>\n             necessary  for  the prosecution  to<br \/>\n             adduce evidence of a completed  act<br \/>\n             of rape by each one of the accused.<br \/>\n             In   other  words,  this  provision<br \/>\n             embodies   a  principle  of   joint<br \/>\n             liability and the essence  of  that<br \/>\n             liability   is  the  existence   of<br \/>\n             common   intention;   that   common<br \/>\n             intention presupposes prior concert<br \/>\n             which  may be determined  from  the<br \/>\n             conduct   of   offenders   revealed<br \/>\n             during the course of action and  it<br \/>\n             could arise and be formed suddenly,<br \/>\n             but,  there  must  be  meeting   of<br \/>\n             minds. It is not enough to have the<br \/>\n             same  intention  independently   of<br \/>\n             each  of  the  offenders.  In  such<br \/>\n             cases,   there  must  be   criminal<br \/>\n             sharing   marking  out  a   certain<br \/>\n             measure   of   jointness   in   the<br \/>\n             commission of offence&#8221;.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>  22.  Further, Hon&#8217;ble the Supreme Court  in <a href=\"\/doc\/1555191\/\">Priya Patel v.<\/p>\n<p>     State of M.P.,<\/a>(2006) 6 SCC 263  observed as under:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>                &#8220;By  operation  of  the  deeming<br \/>\n             provision,  a person  who  has  not<br \/>\n             actually  committed rape is  deemed<br \/>\n             to have committed rape even if only<br \/>\n             one of the group in furtherance  of<br \/>\n             the  common intention has committed<br \/>\n             rape.  &#8220;Common intention&#8221; is  dealt<br \/>\n             with in Section 34 IPC and provides<br \/>\n             that when a criminal act is done by<br \/>\n             several  persons in furtherance  of<br \/>\n             the  common intention of all,  each<br \/>\n             of  such persons is liable for that<br \/>\n             act in the same manner as if it was<br \/>\n             done    by   him   alone.   &#8220;Common<br \/>\n             intention&#8221;   denotes   action    in<br \/>\n             concert  and necessarily postulates<br \/>\n             a   pre-arranged  plan,   a   prior<br \/>\n             meeting of minds and an element  of<br \/>\n             participation in action.  The  acts<br \/>\n             may   be  different  and  vary   in<br \/>\n             character, but must be actuated  by<br \/>\n             the same common intention, which is<br \/>\n             different  from the same  intention<br \/>\n             or  similar intention. The sine qua<br \/>\n             non for bringing in application  of<br \/>\n             Section 34 IPC is that the act must<br \/>\n             be   done  in  furtherance  of  the<br \/>\n             common  intention to do a  criminal<br \/>\n             act. The expression &#8220;in furtherance<br \/>\n             of   their  common  intention&#8221;   as<br \/>\n             appearing  in  the  Explanation  to<br \/>\n             Section  376(2)  relates   to   the<br \/>\n             intention to commit rape&#8221;.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>  23.    It  is pertinent to mention here that the case law<\/p>\n<p>     cited by the counsel for the appellants is not applicable<\/p>\n<p>     to  the  facts  of the present case as the  facts  are<\/p>\n<p>     distinguishable  and  the same was  a  case  of  clear<\/p>\n<p>     exoneration  of the appellant and the prosecutrix  had<\/p>\n<p>     changed her version before the court from time to time but<\/p>\n<p>     in the present case the prosecutrix remained consistent to<\/p>\n<p>     her version  which is  duly corroborated by Brahmdeo (PW\/8)<\/p>\n<p>     though not required.\n<\/p>\n<p>24.  Taking into consideration over all evidence available<br \/>\non record and applying the well settled principles of law<br \/>\nlaid down by Hon&#8217;ble the Supreme Court in the<br \/>\naforementioned judgments, I am of the considered opinion<br \/>\nthat the judgment of the trial Court does not suffer from<br \/>\nany illegality, infirmity, or irregularity warranting<br \/>\ninterference in appeal.  The court below has rightly placed<br \/>\nreliance on the statement of the witnesses,   specifically<br \/>\non the statement of prosecutrix which is duly corroborated<br \/>\nby Brahmdeo (PW\/8) while convicting and sentencing the<br \/>\naccused\/appellants as mentioned above.\n<\/p>\n<p>25.  Accordingly, the appeal being devoid of merit deserves<br \/>\nto be dismissed and is accordingly dismissed.<\/p>\n<p>                                        JUDGE<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chattisgarh High Court 2 Gyani Ram vs State Of Chhattisgarh on 19 November, 2009 HIGH COURT OF CHATTISGARH AT BILASPUR Criminal Appeal No 858 of 2004 1 Shivaram 2 Gyani Ram &#8230;Petitioners Versus State of Chhattisgarh &#8230;Respondents ! M r C Jayant Kumar Rao counsel for the appellant No 1 M r N K Mehta [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-76857","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chattisgarh-high-court","category-high-court"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>2 Gyani Ram vs State Of Chhattisgarh on 19 November, 2009 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/2-gyani-ram-vs-state-of-chhattisgarh-on-19-november-2009\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"2 Gyani Ram vs State Of Chhattisgarh on 19 November, 2009 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; 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