{"id":78526,"date":"2007-02-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2007-01-31T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/national-insurance-co-ltd-a-vs-mubasir-ahmed-anr-a-on-1-february-2007"},"modified":"2018-12-07T23:07:55","modified_gmt":"2018-12-07T17:37:55","slug":"national-insurance-co-ltd-a-vs-mubasir-ahmed-anr-a-on-1-february-2007","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/national-insurance-co-ltd-a-vs-mubasir-ahmed-anr-a-on-1-february-2007","title":{"rendered":"National Insurance Co. Ltd. \u00c3 &#8230; vs Mubasir Ahmed &amp; Anr. \u00c3 &#8230; on 1 February, 2007"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">National Insurance Co. Ltd. \u00c3 &#8230; vs Mubasir Ahmed &amp; Anr. \u00c3 &#8230; on 1 February, 2007<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: . A Pasayat<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: Dr. Arijit Pasayat, S.H. Kapadia<\/div>\n<pre>           CASE NO.:\nAppeal (civil)  5623 of 2006\n\nPETITIONER:\nNational Insurance Co. Ltd.\t\t\t\t..Appellant\n\nRESPONDENT:\nMubasir Ahmed &amp; Anr.\t\t\t\t\t.Respondents\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT: 01\/02\/2007\n\nBENCH:\nDr. ARIJIT PASAYAT &amp; S.H. KAPADIA\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>J U D G M E N T<br \/>\n[With Civil Appeal Nos. 5625 of 2006 and Civil Appeal No.5624 of 2006]<\/p>\n<p>Dr. ARIJIT PASAYAT, J.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tChallenge in these appeals is to the judgment rendered in<br \/>\neach case by learned Single Judge of the Andhra Pradesh High<br \/>\nCourt. Respondent no.1 in each case was working as employee<br \/>\nof respondent no.2.  Each of them filed a claim petition under<br \/>\nSection 22 of the Workmen&#8217;s Compensation Act, 1923 (in short<br \/>\nthe &#8216;Act&#8217;) claiming compensation for alleged personal injuries<br \/>\nsustained in course of employment.  In each case the claimant<br \/>\nclaimed to be either a labour or cleaner or driver of the vehicle<br \/>\nwhich was involved in the accident.  While respondent no.1 in<br \/>\nCivil Appeal No.5625 of 2006 claimed to be driver of the<br \/>\nvehicle No.APJ-1907, the respondent no.1 in Civil Appeal<br \/>\nNo.5623 of 2006 claimed to be the cleaner of the vehicle.<br \/>\nRespondent no.1 in Civil Appeal No. 5624 claimed to be<br \/>\nemployed in a different vehicle.  The claim petitions were<br \/>\nadjudicated by the Commissioner for Workmens&#8217;<br \/>\nCompensation and Assistant Commissioner of Labour,<br \/>\nNizamabad (hereinafter referred to as the &#8216;Commissioner&#8217;).\n<\/p>\n<p>In order to prove the nature of injuries sustained and the<br \/>\nalleged loss of earning capacity, a doctor was examined as<br \/>\nwitness. The doctor who was examined, indicated the<br \/>\npercentage of permanent and temporary disablement,<br \/>\nfunctional disability and loss of earning capacity as follows:\n<\/p>\n<p>Civil Appeal No. 5623 of 2006<br \/>\n\tPermanent\/partial disability\t:\t65%<br \/>\n\tFunctional disability\t\t\t:\t65%<br \/>\n    \tLoss of earning capacity\t\t:\t80%<br \/>\nCivil Appeal No. 5624 of 2006<br \/>\n\tPermanent\/partial disability\t:\t65%<br \/>\n\tFunctional disability\t\t\t:\t65%<br \/>\n    \tLoss of earning capacity\t\t:\t65%<br \/>\nCivil Appeal No. 5625 of 2006<br \/>\n\tPermanent\/partial disability\t:\t65%<br \/>\n\tFunctional disability\t\t\t:\t70%<br \/>\n    \tLoss of earning capacity\t\t:\t80%<\/p>\n<p>\tThe appellant-insurer of offending vehicle did not<br \/>\nquestion correctness of the award made by the Commissioner.<br \/>\nThe claimant in each case preferred an appeal under Section<br \/>\n30 of the Act.  By the impugned judgment in each case the<br \/>\nHigh Court held that there was 100% loss of earning capacity<br \/>\nand, therefore, awarded compensation.  It also directed grant<br \/>\nof interest @ 12% p.a. from date of accident till actual<br \/>\nrealization.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tIn support of the appeals,  learned counsel for the<br \/>\nappellant submitted that the judgment of the High Court<br \/>\nwithout any discussion on the loss of earning capacity is<br \/>\nclearly unsustainable, and in addition question of payment of<br \/>\n12% p.a. interest does not arise.  The rate of interest is high.\n<\/p>\n<p>Learned counsel for the respondents supported the<br \/>\nimpugned order of the High Court in each case.\n<\/p>\n<p>In order to decide the basic issues Sections 4 and 4-A of<br \/>\nthe Act need to be noted.  They read as follows:\n<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;4. Amount of compensation.  (1) Subject to<br \/>\nthe provisions of this Act, the amount of<br \/>\ncompensation shall be as follows, namely :\n<\/p>\n<p>(a) where<br \/>\ndeath results<br \/>\nfrom the<br \/>\ninjury<br \/>\nan amount equal to<br \/>\nforty per cent of the<br \/>\nmonthly wages of the<br \/>\ndeceased workman<br \/>\nmultiplied by the<br \/>\nrelevant factor;\n<\/p>\n<p>or<br \/>\nan amount of twenty<br \/>\nthousand rupees,<br \/>\nwhichever is more;\n<\/p>\n<p>(b)  where<br \/>\npermanent total<br \/>\ndisablement<br \/>\nresults from injury<br \/>\nan amount equal to fifty<br \/>\nper cent of the monthly<br \/>\nwages of the injured<br \/>\nworkman multiplied by<br \/>\nthe relevant factor;\n<\/p>\n<p>or<br \/>\nan amount of twenty-\n<\/p>\n<p>four thousand rupees,<br \/>\nwhichever is more;\n<\/p>\n<p>Explanation I  For the purposes of Cl. (a) and<br \/>\nCl. (b), &#8220;relevant factor&#8221;, in relation to a workman<br \/>\nmeans the factor specified in the second column of<br \/>\nSch. IV against the entry in the first column of the<br \/>\nschedule specifying the number of years which are<br \/>\nthe same as the completed years of the age of the<br \/>\nworkman on his last birthday immediately<br \/>\npreceding the date on which the compensation fell<br \/>\ndue;\n<\/p>\n<p>Explanation II  Where the monthly wages of a<br \/>\nworkman exceed one thousand rupees, his monthly<br \/>\nwages for the purposes of Cl. (a) and Cl. (b) shall be<br \/>\ndeemed to be one thousand rupees only.\n<\/p>\n<p>(c) where<br \/>\npermanent<br \/>\npartial<br \/>\ndisablement<br \/>\nresults from<br \/>\nthe injury\n<\/p>\n<p>(i) in the case of an<br \/>\ninjury specified in Pt. II<br \/>\nof Sch. I, such<br \/>\npercentage of the<br \/>\ncompensation which<br \/>\nwould have been<br \/>\npayable in the case of<br \/>\npermanent total<br \/>\ndisablement as is<br \/>\nspecified therein as<br \/>\nbeing the percentage of<br \/>\nthe loss of earning<br \/>\ncapacity caused by the<br \/>\ninjury; and<\/p>\n<p>(ii)  in the case of an<br \/>\ninjury not specified in<br \/>\nSch. I, such percentage<br \/>\nof the compensation<br \/>\npayable in the case of<br \/>\npermanent total<br \/>\ndisablement as is<br \/>\nproportionate to the<br \/>\nloss of earning capacity<br \/>\n(as assessed by the<br \/>\nqualified medical<br \/>\npractitioner)<br \/>\npermanently caused by<br \/>\nthe injury;\n<\/p>\n<p>Explanation I  Where more injuries than one<br \/>\nare caused by the same accident, the amount of<br \/>\ncompensation payable under this head shall be<br \/>\naggregated but not so in any case as to exceed the<br \/>\namount which would have been payable if<br \/>\npermanent total disablement had resulted from the<br \/>\ninjuries.\n<\/p>\n<p>Explanation II  In assessing the loss of<br \/>\nearning capacity for the purposes sub-clause (ii), of<br \/>\nthe qualified medical practitioner shall have due<br \/>\nregard to the percentage of loss of earning capacity<br \/>\nin relation to different injuries specified in Sch.I;\n<\/p>\n<p>(d) Where<br \/>\ntemporary<br \/>\ndisablement,<br \/>\nwhether total<br \/>\nor partial<br \/>\nresults from<br \/>\nthe injury<br \/>\n A half-monthly<br \/>\npayment or the sum-\n<\/p>\n<p>equivalent to twenty-five<br \/>\nper cent of monthly<br \/>\nwages of the workman,<br \/>\nto be paid in accordance<br \/>\nwith the provisions of<br \/>\nsub-section (2).\n<\/p>\n<p>               Xx\t            \t        xx\t\t\t           xx<br \/>\n4-A. Compensation to be paid when due and<br \/>\npenalty for default  (1) Compensation under<br \/>\nSec. 4 shall be paid as soon as it falls due.\n<\/p>\n<p>(2) In cases where the employer does not<br \/>\naccept the liability for compensation to the<br \/>\nextent claimed, he shall be bound to make<br \/>\nprovisional payment based on the event of<br \/>\nliability which he accepts, and, such payment<br \/>\nshall be deposited with the Commissioner or<br \/>\nmade to the workman, as the case may be<br \/>\nwithout prejudice to the right of the workman<br \/>\nto make any further claim.\n<\/p>\n<p>(3)\tWhere any employer is in default in<br \/>\npaying the compensation due under this Act<br \/>\nwithin one month from the date it fell due, the<br \/>\nCommissioner may direct that, in addition to<br \/>\nthe amount of the arrears, simple interest at<br \/>\nthe rate of six per cent per annum on the<br \/>\namount due together with, if in the opinion of<br \/>\nthe Commissioner there is no justification for<br \/>\nthe delay, a further sum not exceeding fifty per<br \/>\ncent of such amount, shall be recovered from<br \/>\nthe employer by way of penalty.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<p>These cases related to injuries which were not specified<br \/>\nin Schedule I and as such cases are covered by Section 4(1)(c)\n<\/p>\n<p>(ii) Explanation.  In terms of Explanation II the qualified<br \/>\nmedical practitioner has to assess loss of earning capacity<br \/>\nhaving due regard to percentage of loss of earning capacity in<br \/>\nrelation to the different injuries in Schedule I. Explanation I<br \/>\nalso provides that where there are more than one injury, the<br \/>\naggregate has to be taken, so that the amount which would be<br \/>\npayable for permanent total disablement is not exceeded.\n<\/p>\n<p>Loss of earning capacity is, therefore, not a substitute for<br \/>\npercentage of the physical disablement.  It is one of the factors<br \/>\ntaken into account. In the instant case the doctor who<br \/>\nexamined the claimant also noted about the functional<br \/>\ndisablement.  In other words, the doctor had taken note of the<br \/>\nrelevant factors relating to loss of earning capacity. Without<br \/>\nindicating any reason or basis the High Court held that there<br \/>\nwas 100% loss of earning capacity. Since no basis was<br \/>\nindicated in support of the conclusion, same cannot be<br \/>\nmaintained.  Therefore, we set aside that part of the High<br \/>\nCourt&#8217;s order and restore that of the Commissioner, in view of<br \/>\nthe facts situation.  Coming to the question of liability to pay<br \/>\ninterest, Section 4-A(3) deals with that question. The provision<br \/>\nhas been quoted above.\n<\/p>\n<p>Interest is payable under Section 4-A(3) if there is default<br \/>\nin paying the compensation due under this Act within one<br \/>\nmonth from the date it fell due.  The question of liability under<br \/>\nSection 4-A was dealt with by this Court in <a href=\"\/doc\/154629\/\">Maghar Singh v.<br \/>\nJashwant Singh<\/a> (1998 (9) SCC 134).  By Amending Act, 14 of<br \/>\n1995, Section 4-A of the Act was amended, inter alia, fixing<br \/>\nthe minimum rate of interest to be simple interest @ 12%.  In<br \/>\nthe instant case, the accident took place after the amendment<br \/>\nand, therefore, the rate of 12% as fixed by the High Court<br \/>\ncannot be faulted.  But the period as fixed by it is wrong.  The<br \/>\nstarting point is on completion of one month from the date on<br \/>\nwhich it fell due.  Obviously it cannot be the date of accident.<br \/>\nSince no indication is there as when it becomes due, it has to<br \/>\nbe taken to be the date of adjudication of the claim.  This<br \/>\nappears to be so because Section 4-A(1) prescribes that<br \/>\ncompensation under Section 4 shall be paid as soon as it falls<br \/>\ndue.  The compensation becomes due on the basis of<br \/>\nadjudication of the claim made.  The adjudication under<br \/>\nSection 4 in some cases involves the assessment of loss of<br \/>\nearning capacity by a qualified medical practitioner.  Unless<br \/>\nadjudication is done, question of compensation becoming due<br \/>\ndoes not arise.  The position becomes clearer on a reading of<br \/>\nsub-section (2) of Section 4-A.  It provides that provisional<br \/>\npayment to the extent of admitted liability has to be made<br \/>\nwhen employer does not accept the liability for compensation<br \/>\nto the extent claimed.  The crucial expression is &#8220;falls due&#8221;.<br \/>\nSignificantly, legislature has not used the expression &#8220;from the<br \/>\ndate of accident&#8221;.  Unless there is an adjudication, the<br \/>\nquestion of an amount falling due does not arise.\n<\/p>\n<p>The appeals are allowed to the extent indicated, without<br \/>\nany order as to costs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India National Insurance Co. Ltd. \u00c3 &#8230; vs Mubasir Ahmed &amp; Anr. \u00c3 &#8230; on 1 February, 2007 Author: . A Pasayat Bench: Dr. Arijit Pasayat, S.H. Kapadia CASE NO.: Appeal (civil) 5623 of 2006 PETITIONER: National Insurance Co. Ltd. ..Appellant RESPONDENT: Mubasir Ahmed &amp; Anr. .Respondents DATE OF JUDGMENT: 01\/02\/2007 BENCH: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-78526","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>National Insurance Co. 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