{"id":83551,"date":"1989-12-05T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1989-12-04T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/bihar-state-madarasa-education-vs-managing-committee-of-madarasa-on-5-december-1989"},"modified":"2017-02-12T23:09:36","modified_gmt":"2017-02-12T17:39:36","slug":"bihar-state-madarasa-education-vs-managing-committee-of-madarasa-on-5-december-1989","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/bihar-state-madarasa-education-vs-managing-committee-of-madarasa-on-5-december-1989","title":{"rendered":"Bihar State Madarasa Education … vs Managing Committee Of Madarasa … on 5 December, 1989"},"content":{"rendered":"
Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n
Bihar State Madarasa Education … vs Managing Committee Of Madarasa … on 5 December, 1989<\/div>\n
Equivalent citations: 1990 AIR 695, \t\t 1989 SCR Supl. (2) 399<\/div>\n
Author: K Singh<\/div>\n
Bench: Singh, K.N. (J)<\/div>\n
           PETITIONER:\nBIHAR STATE MADARASA EDUCATION BOARD,PATNA, THROUGH ITS CHAI\n\n\tVs.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nMANAGING COMMITTEE OF MADARASA HANFIAARABIC COLLEGE JAMALIA\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT05\/12\/1989\n\nBENCH:\nSINGH, K.N. (J)\nBENCH:\nSINGH, K.N. (J)\nKASLIWAL, N.M. (J)\n\nCITATION:\n 1990 AIR  695\t\t  1989 SCR  Supl. (2) 399\n 1990 SCC  (1) 428\t  JT 1989  Supl.    368\n 1989 SCALE  (2)1468\n\n\nACT:\n    Bihar  State  Madarasa  Education Board  Act,  1982:  S.\n7(2)(n)-Board's\t power\tto dissolve  managing  committee  of\nMadarasa  institution-Whether ultra vires Article  30(1)  of\nthe Constitution.\n    Constitution  of  India,   1950:  Article\t30(1)--Bihar\nMadarasa  Education Board--Power to dissolve  managing\tcom-\nmitof\t Madarasa   institution--Constitutionality    of--S.\n7(2)(n), Bihar State Madarasa Education Board Act, 1982.\n\n\n\nHEADNOTE:\n    Section  7(2)(n) of the Bihar State\t Madarasa  Education\nBoard  Act, 1982 confers power on the State Madarasa  Educa-\ntion  Board to dissolve the managing committee of  an  aided\nand  recognised\t Madarasa  institution.\t The  committees  of\nmanagement of the respondent institutions established by the\nMuslim\tminority community failed to comply with the  direc-\ntions  issued by the Board with regard to payment of  salary\nto  teachers, whereupon the Board in exercise of  its  power\nunder s. 7(2)(n) of the Act dissolved the said committees.\n    The\t respondents filed writ petitions under Article\t 226\nof  the\t Constitution  assailing s. 7(2)(n) of\tthe  Act  as\nviolative of Article 30(1) on the ground that it  interfered\nwith  their  right of management of institutions.  The\tHigh\nCourt  declared\t s. 7(2)(n) unconstitutional-  It,  however,\nobserved that the majority of members of the Madarasa Educa-\ntion  Board  and  its Chairman may not\tbelong\tto  minority\ncommunity,  therefore, the Board's constitution will not  be\nin consonance with the minorities constitutional right under\nArticle 30 of the Constitution.\nDismissing the appeals by the Board, the Court,\n    HELD: 1. Article 30(1) of the Constitution protects\t the\nright of minorities to establish and administer\t educational\ninstitutions  of  their choice. The rights so  granted\tare,\nhowever, not absolute. Minorities have no right to  malamin-\nister. The State has power to impose regula-\n400\ntions  made in the interest of efficiency  of  institution's\ndiscipline, health, sanitation and public order even  though\nsuch  regulations  may indirectly impinge on  the  exclusive\nright  of administration and management of the\tinstitution.\nThe State has, however, no power to completely take over the\nmanagement  of\ta minority institution under  the  guise  of\nregulating  the\t educational  standards\t by  superseding  or\ndissolving  managing committee or by appointing ad hoc\tcom-\nmittees in place thereof. [403D-F; 404C-E]\n    In\tthe  instant  case, s. 7(2)(n) of  the\tBihar  State\nMadarasa Education Board Act, 1982 in so far as it  provides\nfor dissolution of the managing committee of a Madarasa\t is,\nclearly\t violative  of constitutional  right  of  minorities\nunder Article 30(1) of the Constitution. [404E-F]\n    In re Kerala Education Bill 1957, [1959] SCR 995; Sidha-\nrajbhai\t v.  State of Gujarat, [1963] 3 SCR  837;  State  of\nKerala\tv.  Very Rev. Mother Provincial<\/a> etc., [1971]  1\t SCR\n734;  Ahmedabad\t St.  Xaviers College Society  v.  State  of\nGujarat, [1975] 1 SCR 173; Lilly Kurian v. Lawina, [1979]  1\nSCR  820 and All Bihar Christian Schools Assn. v.  State  of\nBihar,<\/a> [1988] 1 SCC 206, referred to.\n    2.\tArticle 30(1) of the Constitution does\tnot  contem-\nplate  that an autonomous Educational Board  entrusted\twith\nthe  duty of regulating efficiency in the aided\t and  recog-\nnised  minority institutions, should be\t constituted  exclu-\nsively\tby persons belonging to the minority  community.  In\nthe  instant case, the constitution of the Board under s.  3\nof  the Act ensures that its members are only those who\t are\ninterested  in teaching and research in Persian, Arabic\t and\nIslamic studies. This provision fully safeguards the  inter-\nest  of Madarasa of the Muslim community.  The\tobservations\nmade by the High Court are contrary to the scope of  Article\n30(1) of the Constitution. [404H; 405A, B-C]\n\n\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n
    CIVIL  APPELLATE  JURISDICTION: Civil  Appeal  Nos.\t 463
\nand464 of 1986.\n<\/p>\n
    From  the  Judgment and Order dated 6.11.  1984  of\t the
\nPatna High Court in Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 3489 of
\n1981 & 601 of 1982.\n<\/p>\n
M. Qamaruddin and Mrs. M. Qamaruddin for the Appellant.
\nS.N. Misra, M.K. Jha and P.C. Kapur for the Respondent.
\nThe Judgment of the Court was delivered by
\n401<\/span>
\n    SINGH,  J.\tThese two appeals are directed\tagainst\t the
\njudgment and order of High Court of Patna dated November  6,
\n1989, quashing the order of the Bihar State Madarasa  Educa-
\ntion Board dissolving the Managing Committee of the respond-
\nent’s institution.\n<\/p>\n
    The\t State Legislature of Bihar enacted the Bihar  State
\nMadarasa Education Board Act (Act 32 of 1982) providing\t for
\nthe constitution of an autonomous Board for development\t and
\nsupervision  of\t Madarasa education in the State  of  Bihar.
\n“Madarasa”  as\tdefined by Section 2  means  an\t educational
\ninstitution  providing instructions in Islamic,\t Arabic\t and
\nPersian\t studies  and recognised as such by the\t Board.\t The
\n‘Board’ means the Board established under Sec. 3 of the Act.
\nSection\t 3 provides for the constitution of  State  Madarasa
\nEducation  Board  which is a body corporate  with  perpetual
\nsuccession and a common seal. The Board consists of a Chair-
\nman appointed by the State Government, Director of Education
\n(Incharge  of Oriental Education), Director, Institution  of
\nPost-graduate  Studies and Research in Arabic  and  Persian,
\nPatna, the Principal, Madarasa Islamia, Shamsul Hoda, Patna,
\nChairman,  Bihar  Sunni Wakf Board, Patna,  Chairman,  Bihar
\nShia Wakf Board, Patna, two members of the State Legislature
\nnominated  by  the Government having  interest\tin  Madarasa
\nEducation or Islamic studies, two senior teachers of  recog-
\nnised Madarasa nominated by the State Government, and  three
\nother  members\tnominated by the State Government  who\thave
\ninterest in Madarasa education or Islamic studies. The Board
\nis  invested  with powers and functions to provide  for\t in-
\nstruction and research in Arabic, Persian and Islamic  stud-
\nies and to advise the State Government on all matters relat-
\ning  to\t Madarasa education. The Act empowers the  Board  to
\ndirect,\t supervise and control Madarasa education, to  grant
\nrecognition to Madarasas in accordance with the\t regulations
\nframed by it, to conduct different Madarasa examination,  to
\npublish results, to make regulations prescribing  conditions
\nof  employees of the Board, to provide for the\tconstitution
\nof the Managing Committee, to constitute academic committee,
\nrecognition committee, examination committee, and for carry-
\ning on its powers and functions in regulating the  education
\nin Madarasa institutions. The Board is headed by a  Chairman
\nnominated  by the State Government under Sec. 10(2)  of\t the
\nAct,  it  lays\tdown that no person shall  be  eligible\t for
\nappointment as Chairman unless he holds adequate administra-
\ntive experience under the Central or State Government and he
\nhas  teaching  or research experience for not less  than  10
\nyears  in  post-graduate educational institutions or  he  is
\nregarded scholar in Arabic, Persian, Islamic studies and  he
\nis interested in Madarasa education. The Board as constitut-
\ned by the
\n402<\/span>
\nAct  is an autonomous body entrusted with the duty to  grant
\nrecognition,  aid, supervise and control the academic  effi-
\nciency in the Madarasa institutions, aided and recognised by
\nit.  The members of the Board consist of those\tpersons\t who
\nare  connected\twith or interested in the teaching  and\t re-
\nsearch of Arabic, Persian and Islamic studies, and interest-
\ned  in the Madarasa education. The Legislature\thas  enacted
\nthe Act with the primary purpose of providing an  autonomous
\neducational  authority\tfor  regulating\t the  efficiency  of
\nMadarasa  institutions where studies are carried on in\tAra-
\nbic, Persian and Islamic studies.\n<\/p>\n
    The\t Hanfia Arabic College Jamalia and Madarasa  Shamsul
\nUloom  the respondent’s institutions are  Madarasa  institu-
\ntions aided and recognised by the Board under the provisions
\nof  the Act, as such the respondent’s institutions are\tsub-
\nject to the provisions of the Act and the regulations framed
\nby  the\t Board in matters relating to their  management\t and
\nadministration.\t The  Committees of Management\tof  the\t two
\nrespondent institutions failed to comply with the directions
\nissued\tby  the Board with regard to payment  of  salary  to
\nteachers, whereupon the Board in exercise of its power under
\nSection 7(2)(n) of the Act dissolved the Managing  Committee
\nof the respondent’s institution and appointed ad hoc Commit-
\ntee  to manage the institutions. The outgoing Managing\tCom-
\nmittee\tof  the respondent’s institutions and  some  of\t the
\naffected  members  of  the Committee  filed  writ  petitions
\nbefore\tthe  High Court of Patna under Article\t226  of\t the
\nConstitution challenging the Order of the Board,  dissolving
\nthe Committee of Management and appointing ad hoc Committee.
\nBefore\tthe High Court, the respondents submitted that\tSec.
\n7(2)(n)\t of  the  Act which confers power on  the  Board  to
\ndissolve  Managing Committee of a Madarasa is  violative  of
\nArticle\t 30(1)\tof the Constitution as\tit  interfered\twith
\ntheir  right of management of institutions. The\t High  Court
\nupheld\tthe  respondent’s  plea and  declared  Sec.  7(2)(n)
\nunconstitutional  as it confers power on the Board  to\tdis-
\nsolve  Committee of Management of a Madarasa. The Board\t has
\npreferred  this appeal by leave against the aforesaid  judg-
\nment of the High Court.\n<\/p>\n
\t      Section 7(2)(n) reads thus:\n<\/p>\n
\t      “7.  Power and functions of the Board: (1)  It
\n\t      shall be the duty of the Board to provide\t for
\n\t      instruction  and research in  Arabic,  Persian
\n\t      and Islamic studies and such other branches of
\n\t      knowledge\t including  vocational\tcourses\t and
\n\t      training\twhich  the Board thinks fit  and  to
\n\t      advise  the  State  Government  on  all  other
\n\t      matters relating to Madarasa Education.\n<\/p>\n
\t      403<\/span><\/p>\n
\t      (2) Subject to the provisions of this Act\t and
\n\t      the Rules and Regulations made thereunder\t the
\n\t      Board  shall have the power to direct,  super-
\n\t      vise  and\t control Madarasa Education  and  in
\n\t      particular have the powers\n<\/p>\n
\t      (n) To get the Managing Committee of Madarasas
\n\t      constituted in a manner such as to include the
\n\t      Head  Maulvi, two\t guardians’  representatives
\n\t      and one member nominated by the Board and\t two
\n\t      other persons interested in Madarasa Education
\n\t      or Islamic studies to be composed by the above
\n\t      seven  members.  The  power  to  dissolve\t the
\n\t      Managing Committee shall vest in the Board.”
\n    The\t above provision confers power on the Board to\tpro-
\nvide for constitution and dissolution of Managing  Committee
\nof  a  Madarasa.  There is no dispute  that  the  respondent
\nMadarasas  are educational institutions established  by\t the
\nMuslim minority community. Article 30(1) of the Constitution
\nprotects the right of minorities to establish and administer
\neducational  institutions  of their choice. The\t Article  in
\nterms  grants  all minorities two rights (i)  the  right  to
\nestablish  and\t(ii)  the right\t to  administer\t educational
\ninstitution  of\t their choice. The rights  so  granted\tare,
\nhowever,  not  absolute, a  minority  institution  obtaining
\nfinancial  aid\tand  recognition is  subject  to  reasonable
\nrestrictions to ensure excellence in the institution.  While
\nminorities  have a constitutional right to establish and  to
\nadminister  educational institutions of their  choice,\tthey
\nhave no absolute right to maladminister, the State has right
\nto impose regulations made in the interest of efficiency  of
\ninstitution’s  discipline,  health,  sanitation\t and  public
\norder even though such regulations may indirectly impinge on
\nthe exclusive right of administration and management of\t the
\ninstitution. A minority institution seeking aid and recogni-
\ntion  must  be subject to regulatory  provisions  which\t are
\nreasonable and consistent with Article 30(1) of the  Consti-
\ntution.\t A minority institution which does not seek  aid  or
\nrecognition  from the State or the Education Board need\t not
\nbe  subject to regulatory provisions. These principles\thave
\nbeen settled by this Court in re Kerala Education Bill 1957,
\n[1959]\tSCR 995, Sidharajbhai v. State of Gujarat, [1963]  3
\nSCR  837, [1971] 1 SCR 734, [1975] 1 SCR 173, [1979]  1\t SCR
\n820 and [1988] 1 SCC 206.\n<\/p>\n
    The\t question which arises for consideration is  whether
\nSection 7(2)(n) which confers power on the Board to dissolve
\nthe managing
\n404<\/span>
\ncommittee  of an aided and recognised  Madarasa\t institution
\nviolates  the minorities constitutional right to  administer
\nits educational institution according to their choice.\tThis
\nCourt  has  all along held that though the  minorities\thave
\nright to establish and administer educational institution of
\ntheir own choice but they have no right to maladminister and
\nthe  State has power to regulate management and\t administra-
\ntion  of  such institutions in the interest  of\t educational
\nneed and discipline of the institution. Such regulation\t may
\nhave indirect effect on the absolute right of minorities but
\nthat would not violate Art. 30(1) of the Constitution as  it
\nis the duty of the State to ensure efficiency in educational
\ninstitutions. The State has, however, no power to completely
\ntake  over the management of a minority\t institution.  Under
\nthe  guise  of the regulating the educational  standards  to
\nsecure efficiency in institution, the State is not  entitled
\nto  frame rules or regulations compelling the management  to
\nsurrender  right  of administration. In State of  Kerala  v.
\nVery Rev. Mother Provincial<\/a> etc., [1971] I SCR 734,  Section
\n03(1)  of  the Kerala University Act, 1969  which  conferred
\npower  on  the Government to take over the management  of  a
\nminority  institution  on its default in  carrying  out\t the
\ndirections of the State Government was declared ultra  vires
\non  the ground that the provisions interfered with the\tcon-
\nstitutional  right of a minority to administer its  institu-
\ntion. Minority institutions cannot be allowed to fall  below
\nthe standard of excellence on the pretext of their exclusive
\nright of management but at the same time their constitution-
\nal  right  to administer their institutions cannot  be\tcom-
\npletely\t taken\taway by superseding or\tdissolving  managing
\ncommittee or by appointing ad hoc committees in place there-
\nof. In the instant case Section 7(2)(n) is clearly violative
\nof constitutional fight of minorities under Article 30(1) of
\nthe Constitution in so far as it provides for dissolution of
\nmanaging  committee  of a Madarasa. We agree with  the\tview
\ntaken by the High Court.\n<\/p>\n
    We\thave  upheld the view taken by the High\t Court\twith
\nregard to the validity of Section 7(2)(n) of the Act but  we
\ndo not agree with the observations made by the High Court in
\nparagraphs  9  and  10 of its judgment with  regard  to\t the
\nconstitution  of the Board and appointment of its  Chairman.
\nThe High Court has observed that the majority of the members
\nof  the\t Board and its Chairman may not belong\tto  minority
\ncommunity, therefore the Board’s constitution will not be in
\nconsonance  with the minorities constitutional\tright  under
\nArticle\t 30  of the Constitution. In our opinion,  the\tview
\ntaken  by the High Court is not correct. Article 30(1)\tdoes
\nnot  contemplate  that an autonomous Educational  Board\t en-
\ntrusted with the duty of regulating the aided and
\n405<\/span>
\nrecognised  minorities\tinstitution, should  be\t constituted
\nonly  by  persons belonging to minority\t community.  Article
\n30(1) protects the minorities right to manage and administer
\ninstitutions established by them according to their  choice,
\nbut while seeking aid and recognition for their institutions
\nthere is no constitutional obligation that the Board  grant-
\ning aid or recognition or regulating efficiency in  minority
\ninstitution should consist of members exclusively  belonging
\nto  minority communities. In the instant case the  constitu-
\ntion  of the Board under Section 3 of the Act  ensures\tthat
\nits  members are only those who are interested\tin  teaching
\nand  research of Persian, Arabic and Islamic  studies.\tThis
\nprovision  fully safeguards the interest of Madarasa of\t the
\nMuslim\tcommunity. We therefore hold that observations\tmade
\nby the High Court in paragraphs 8 and 9 of its judgment\t are
\ncontrary to the scope of Article 30(1) of the Constitution.
\n    With these observations we agree with the view taken  by
\nthe High Court in quashing the order of the Board dissolving
\nthe managing committee of the respondent’s institutions\t and
\nappointing  ad-hoc committee. The appeals fail and  are\t ac-
\ncordingly dismissed. There will be no order as to costs.\n<\/p>\n
P.S.S.\t\t\t\t\t\t     Appeals\ndismissed.\n406<\/span>\n\n\n\n<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Supreme Court of India Bihar State Madarasa Education … vs Managing Committee Of Madarasa … on 5 December, 1989 Equivalent citations: 1990 AIR 695, 1989 SCR Supl. (2) 399 Author: K Singh Bench: Singh, K.N. (J) PETITIONER: BIHAR STATE MADARASA EDUCATION BOARD,PATNA, THROUGH ITS CHAI Vs. RESPONDENT: MANAGING COMMITTEE OF MADARASA HANFIAARABIC COLLEGE JAMALIA DATE […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-83551","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"\nBihar State Madarasa Education ... vs Managing Committee Of Madarasa ... on 5 December, 1989 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/bihar-state-madarasa-education-vs-managing-committee-of-madarasa-on-5-december-1989\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bihar State Madarasa Education ... vs Managing Committee Of Madarasa ... on 5 December, 1989 - 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