{"id":89569,"date":"1996-01-29T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1996-01-28T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/sri-narayan-bal-and-others-vs-sri-sridhar-sutar-and-others-on-29-january-1996"},"modified":"2016-08-31T17:18:57","modified_gmt":"2016-08-31T11:48:57","slug":"sri-narayan-bal-and-others-vs-sri-sridhar-sutar-and-others-on-29-january-1996","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/sri-narayan-bal-and-others-vs-sri-sridhar-sutar-and-others-on-29-january-1996","title":{"rendered":"Sri Narayan Bal And Others vs Sri Sridhar Sutar And Others on 29 January, 1996"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">Sri Narayan Bal And Others vs Sri Sridhar Sutar And Others on 29 January, 1996<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_citations\">Equivalent citations: JT 1996 (1),    711\t  1996 SCALE  (1)570<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: M Punchhi<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: Punchhi, M.M.<\/div>\n<pre>           PETITIONER:\nSRI NARAYAN BAL AND OTHERS\n\n\tVs.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nSRI SRIDHAR SUTAR AND OTHERS\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT:\t29\/01\/1996\n\nBENCH:\nPUNCHHI, M.M.\nBENCH:\nPUNCHHI, M.M.\nPARIPOORNAN, K.S.(J)\n\nCITATION:\n JT 1996 (1)   711\t  1996 SCALE  (1)570\n\n\nACT:\n\n\n\nHEADNOTE:\n\n\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>\t\t      J U D G M E N T<br \/>\nPUNCHHI, J.\n<\/p>\n<p>     Leave was\tgranted\t in  this  appeal  to  consider\t the<br \/>\nquestion posed:\t whether the  provisions of Section 8 of the<br \/>\nHindu  Minority\t And  Guardianship  Act,  1956\t(hereinafter<br \/>\nreferred to  as the  Act) were applicable to the Joint Hindu<br \/>\nFamily property sold or disposed of by the Karta.<br \/>\nThe facts :\n<\/p>\n<p>     Dhanu Bal\tand Param Bal were two brothers constituting<br \/>\na Joint\t Hindu Family. Dhanu Bal had a wife, Nidhi, an adult<br \/>\nson, Jag  Bandhu and  a few minor sons. Param Bal had a son,<br \/>\nRaghu bal.  Raghu Bal  had a wife Satyabhama and a few minor<br \/>\nsons. Dhanu Bal, Param Bal and Raghu Bal died. Jag Bandhu as<br \/>\nKarta of the Joint Hindu Family, joining with him the widows<br \/>\nNidhi for  herself and\tas guardian  of her  minor sons\t and<br \/>\nSatyabhama for\therself and  as guardian  of her minor sons,<br \/>\nexecuted a  sale deed  pertaining to  certain  joint  family<br \/>\nlands in  favour of the first defendant-respondents on 23-3-<br \/>\n1971, who  made a  further sale\t in  favour  of\t the  second<br \/>\ndefendant-respondent. The plaintiffs-appellants who were all<br \/>\nmembers of  the Joint  Hindu family  filed a  suit  to\thave<br \/>\ndeclared the  aforesaid sale as illegal and void on the plea<br \/>\nthat  the   transaction\t was   `vitiated  by   fraud,\tmis-<br \/>\nrepresentation and  taking undue advantage of the illiteracy<br \/>\nof Nidhi  and Satyabhama,  widows. The suit was resisted  by<br \/>\nthe defendants-respondents  on the  plea that Jagabandhu was<br \/>\nliterate even  though the  widows were not, and had executed<br \/>\nthe sale  deed as  Karta of  the family\t to which  the other<br \/>\nwidow  executants   had\t supportively\tjoined\thim  in\t the<br \/>\nexecution of  the sale\tdeed for themselves and as guardians<br \/>\nof the\tmino members  of the  Joint Hindu  Family. The trial<br \/>\ncourt on  assessment of\t the evidence, decreed the suit, but<br \/>\nthe  lower   appellate\tcourt\trejected  the  case  of\t the<br \/>\nplaintiff-appellants with  regard to fraud, undue influence,<br \/>\nmis-representation etc.\t holding that  the sale\t in question<br \/>\nwas  executed  by  the\texecutants  validly  and  for  legal<br \/>\nnecessity. The\tsecond appeal  by the  plaintiffs-appellants<br \/>\nwas dismissed  in limine, for the High Court was of the view<br \/>\nthat  no   substantial\tquestion  of  law  arose,  requiring<br \/>\ndetermination. Hence this appeal.\n<\/p>\n<p>     For the  first time  in the  special leave petition the<br \/>\ncompetence of the Karta of the Hindu Joint family, effecting<br \/>\nsale of\t the undivided\tinterests of the minors in the Joint<br \/>\nHindu Family  property has  been questioned in this Court on<br \/>\nthe anvil of section 8 of the Act. Therefore the question as<br \/>\nframed at the outset has cropped up for consideration.\n<\/p>\n<p>     Section 6\tof the\tAct inter  alia\t provides  that\t the<br \/>\nnatural guardians  of a\t Hindu\tminor,\tin  respect  of\t the<br \/>\nminor&#8217;s person as well as in respect of the minor&#8217;s property<br \/>\n(excluding his\tor her\tundivided interest  in joint  family<br \/>\nproperty), are &#8211; in the case of a boy or an unmarried girl &#8211;<br \/>\nthe father,  and after\thim, the  mother; provided  that the<br \/>\ncustody of  a minor  who has  not completed  the age of five<br \/>\nyears shalol  ordinarily  be  with  the\t mother.  Section  8<br \/>\nthereof inter  alia provides  that the natural guardian of a<br \/>\nHindu minor  has power,\t subject to  the provisions  of this<br \/>\nsection, to  do all  acts which\t are necessary or reasonable<br \/>\nand  proper  for  the  benefit\tof  the\t minor\tor  for\t the<br \/>\nrealization, protection\t or benefit  of the  minor&#8217;s estate;<br \/>\nbut the guardian can in no case bind the minor by a personal<br \/>\ncovenant.  Furthermore\t the  natural  guardian\t shall\tnot,<br \/>\nwithout the  previous permission  of the  court, mortgage or<br \/>\ncharge, or  transfer by\t sale, gift,  exchange or otherwise,<br \/>\nany part  of the immovable property of he minor or lease any<br \/>\npart of such property for a term exceeding five years or for<br \/>\na term extending more than one year beyond the date on which<br \/>\nthe minor  will attain\tmajority. Any  disposal of immovable<br \/>\nproperty by  a natural\tguardian, in  contravention of\tsub-<br \/>\nsection (1)  or sub-section (2), is voidable at the instance<br \/>\nof the\tminor or any person claiming on behalf of the minor.<br \/>\nSection 12  provides that  where a  minor has  an  undivided<br \/>\ninterest in  the joint\tfamily property\t and the property is<br \/>\nunder the  management of  an adult  member of the family, no<br \/>\nguardian shall be appointed for the minor in respect of such<br \/>\nundivided interest  : Provided\tthat nothing in this section<br \/>\nshall be  deemed to  affect the jurisdiction of a High Court<br \/>\nto appoint a guardian in respect of such interest.\n<\/p>\n<p>     With regard o the undivided interest of the Hindu minor<br \/>\nin joint  family property,  the provisions  afore-culled are<br \/>\nbeads of  the same  string and\tneed be\t viewed in  a single<br \/>\nglimpse, simultaneously in conjunction with each other. Each<br \/>\nprovisions, and in particular Section 8, cannot be viewed in<br \/>\nisolation. If read together the intent of the legislative in<br \/>\nthis beneficial legislation becomes manifest. Ordinarily the<br \/>\nlaw does  not envisage\ta natural  guardian of the undivided<br \/>\ninterest of  a Hindu  minor in\tjoint family  property.\t The<br \/>\nnatural guardian  of the  property of  a Hindu\tminor, other<br \/>\nthan the  undivided interest  in joint\tfamily property,  is<br \/>\nalone contemplated  under Section  8, whereunder  his powers<br \/>\nand duties  are defined.  Section 12 carves out an exception<br \/>\nto the\trule that  should there\t be no\tadult member  of the<br \/>\njoint family  in management of the joint family property, in<br \/>\nwhich the minor has an undivided interest, a guardian may be<br \/>\nappointed; but ordinarily no guardian shall be appointed for<br \/>\nsuch undivided\tinterest of  the minor.\t The adult member of<br \/>\nthe family  in the  management of  the\tJoint  Hindu  Family<br \/>\nproperty may   be  a male  or a\t female, not necessarily the<br \/>\nKarta. The  power of  the High\tCourt otherwise to appoint a<br \/>\nguardian, in situations justifying, has been preserved. This<br \/>\nis the\tlegislative scheme on the subject. Under Section 8 a<br \/>\nnatural guardian  of the property of the Hindu minor, before<br \/>\nhe disposes  of any  immovable property\t of the\t minor, must<br \/>\nseek permission\t of the\t court. But  since there  need be no<br \/>\nnatural guardian  for the  minor&#8217;s undivided interest in the<br \/>\njoint family property, as provided under sections 6 to 12 of<br \/>\nthe Act,  the previous permission of the Court under Section<br \/>\n8 of disposing of the undivided interest of the minor in the<br \/>\njoint family  property is  not\trequired.  The\tjoint  Hindu<br \/>\nfamily by itself is a legal entity capable of acting through<br \/>\nits  Karta   and  other\t adult\tmembers\t of  the  family  in<br \/>\nmanagement of  the joint Hindu family property. Thus section<br \/>\n8 in  view of  the express terms of Sections 6 and 12, would<br \/>\nnot be\tapplicable where  a joint  Hindu family\t property is<br \/>\nsold\/disposed  of   by\tthe  Karta  involving  an  undivided<br \/>\ninterest of  the  minor\t in  the  said\tjoint  Hindu  family<br \/>\nproperty. The  question posed  at the outset therefore is so<br \/>\nanswered.\n<\/p>\n<p>     In the  instant case the finding recorded by the courts<br \/>\nbelow is  that Jagabandhu,  the eldest\tmale member  in\t the<br \/>\nfamily acted as a Karta in executing the sale and had joined<br \/>\nwith him  the two  widows for themselves and as guardians of<br \/>\nthe minor  members of  joint  Hindu  family,  as  supporting<br \/>\nexecutants. That  act by  itself is  not indicative  of\t the<br \/>\nminors having  a divided  interest in the joint Hindu family<br \/>\nproperty commencing  before or\tat the\ttime of the sale. In<br \/>\nthis view  of the  matter, section 8 of the Act can be of no<br \/>\navail to the appellant&#8217;s claim to nullify the sale.\n<\/p>\n<p>     For the  reasons above-stated, this appeal fails and is<br \/>\nhereby dismissed.  In the  circumstances of  the case, there<br \/>\nshall be no order as to costs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India Sri Narayan Bal And Others vs Sri Sridhar Sutar And Others on 29 January, 1996 Equivalent citations: JT 1996 (1), 711 1996 SCALE (1)570 Author: M Punchhi Bench: Punchhi, M.M. PETITIONER: SRI NARAYAN BAL AND OTHERS Vs. RESPONDENT: SRI SRIDHAR SUTAR AND OTHERS DATE OF JUDGMENT: 29\/01\/1996 BENCH: PUNCHHI, M.M. BENCH: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-89569","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Sri Narayan Bal And Others vs Sri Sridhar Sutar And Others on 29 January, 1996 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/sri-narayan-bal-and-others-vs-sri-sridhar-sutar-and-others-on-29-january-1996\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sri Narayan Bal And Others vs Sri Sridhar Sutar And Others on 29 January, 1996 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; 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