{"id":91116,"date":"1996-10-31T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1996-10-30T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/all-india-indian-overseas-bank-sc-vs-union-of-india-and-ors-on-31-october-1996"},"modified":"2015-11-25T06:28:38","modified_gmt":"2015-11-25T00:58:38","slug":"all-india-indian-overseas-bank-sc-vs-union-of-india-and-ors-on-31-october-1996","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/all-india-indian-overseas-bank-sc-vs-union-of-india-and-ors-on-31-october-1996","title":{"rendered":"All India Indian Overseas Bank Sc & … vs Union Of India And Ors on 31 October, 1996"},"content":{"rendered":"
Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n
All India Indian Overseas Bank Sc & … vs Union Of India And Ors on 31 October, 1996<\/div>\n
Bench: A.M. Ahmadi C.J., S.P. Bharucha<\/div>\n
           CASE NO.:\nAppeal (civil)  13700 of 1996\n\nPETITIONER:\nALL INDIA INDIAN OVERSEAS BANK SC & ST EMPLOYEES WELFARE ASSN. AND ORS.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nUNION OF INDIA AND ORS,\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT: 31\/10\/1996\n\nBENCH:\nA.M. AHMADI C.J. & S.P. BHARUCHA\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n
JUDGMENT<\/p>\n
1996 Supp(8) SCR 295<\/p>\n
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by :\n<\/p>\n
AHMADI, CJ. Leave granted.\n<\/p>\n
By a letter No. 9\/D\/SCTC\/M(S)\/93 dated March 4, 1993, the National
\nCommission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (hereafter referred to
\nas ‘the Commission’) directed the Executive Director of the Indian Overseas
\nBank, the respondent No.3, thus:\n<\/p>\n
\"No.9\/D\/SCTC\/M(s)\/93                                4th March, 1993\n\nDear Shri K, Subramanian,\n\n<\/pre>\n
Please refer to the commission letter No.9\/D\/SCTC\/M(S)\/92 dated I8th Feb.93
\nin the matter of contravention of Government Directives relating
\nreservation for SC\/ST in Indian Overseas Bank and Other matters adversely
\naffecting their interests.\n<\/p>\n
The commission had desired the reply of Bank within 7 days of said letter.
\nIt is a matter of concern that the reply from bank has not reached the
\ncommission till date.\n<\/p>\n
In view of the prima facie examination of the matter and considering the
\nfact that the Bank is reportedly going ahead with the promotion process,
\nthe commission, in exercise of the powers conferred upon it under section 8
\nof the Constitution (Sixty-Fifth Amendment) Act, 1990 hereby directs the
\nBank to stop the promotion process pending further investigation and final
\nverdict in the matter.\n<\/p>\n
The commission also direct for requisitioning of all records in custody of
\nBank relating to the said matter be produced before it For this purpose you
\nare requested to ascertain a date from my office.\n<\/p>\n
Please advice compliance,<\/p>\n
thanking you,<\/p>\n
Yours faithfully,
\nSd\/-\n<\/p>\n
(B. SAMMAIAH) MEMBER”\n<\/p>\n
It is a fact that when the letter was issued the respondent No.3 was
\nactually going through the process of deciding on promotion of various
\nemployees at various levels. On March 4,1993 when the letter was written,
\nthe respondent No. 2, was perhaps not aware of the reply addressed to it by
\nrespondent No. 3 on that very day meeting all the queries raised in the
\nletter dated February 18,1993, which letter was perhaps written on the
\nrepresentation made by the President of the All India Indian Overseas Bank
\nScheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Welfare Association, the appellant
\nbefore us, alleging grave injustice to its members in matters of promotion.
\nIn view of the letter of respondent No. 2 quoted above, respondent No. 3
\nissued a letter on the same day staying the promotion process. On March 6,
\n1993 the Indian Overseas Bank Officers Association, the respondent No.4,
\nand respondents Nos. 5 to 8 who were candidates for selection for promotion
\nfiled a writ Petition (Civil) No. 1362 of 1993 praying for a writ of
\nMandamus quashing the order dated March 4, 1993 staying the selection
\nprocess. The High Court by the impugned judgment allowed the writ petition
\nwith the finding that the Commission had no power to issue interim orders
\nlike the one in question. Hence this appeal by special leave.\n<\/p>\n
The short question that arises for consideration in this matter is whether
\nthe Commission had the power to issue a direction in the nature of an
\ninterim injunction? The appellant supports the letter dated March 4, 1993
\nof the Commission on the facts of the case which supposedly justify the
\npassing of an interim direction of the type contained in the letter dated
\nMarch 4, 1993. The appellant refers to Article 338, clauses (5) and (8), of
\nthe Constitution introduced by the Constitution (Sixty Fifth Amendment)
\nAct, 1990 to argue that the Commission had power to requisition public
\nrecord and hence it could issue directions as if it enjoyed powers like a
\ncivil court for all purposes. Further the appellant contends that even a
\nsingle member of the Commission has every authority to pass a direction on
\nbehalf of the entire Commission and hence the High Court was wrong in
\nexpressing the view that a single member of the Commission could not :have
\nissued the direction contained in the letter dated March 4, 1993. The
\nappellant further contends that no writ would lie against an interim order
\nof the Commission.\n<\/p>\n
The basic question, however, is whether the Commission had the authority to
\nissue the direction it did by the letter dated March 4, 1993. Clauses (5)
\nand (8) of Article 338 of the Constitution, which the appellant refers to
\nas the source of the Commission’s power, can be quoted for ready reference:\n<\/p>\n
“(5) It shall be the duty of the Commission-(a) to investigate and monitor
\nall matters relating to the safeguards provided for the Scheduled Castes
\nand Scheduled Tribes under this Commission or under any other law for the
\ntime being in force or under any order of the Government and to evaluate
\nthe working of such safeguards;\n<\/p>\n
(b)  to inquire into specific complaints with respect to the deprivation of
\nrights and safeguards of the Scheduled Castes :and Scheduled Tribes;\n<\/p>\n
(c) to participate and advise on the planning process of socio-economic
\ndevelopment of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and to evaluate
\nthe progress of their development under “the Union and any State;\n<\/p>\n
:(d) to present to the President, annually and at such other times as the
\nCommission may deem fit, reports upon the working of those safeguards;\n<\/p>\n
(e) to make in such report recommendations as to the measures that should
\nbe taken by the Union or any State for the effective implementation of
\nthose safeguards and other measures for the protection, welfare and socio-
\neconomic development of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes; and<\/p>\n
:(f) to discharge such other functions in relation to the protection,
\nwelfare and development and advancement of the Scheduled Castes and
\nScheduled Tribes as the President may, subject to the provisions of any law
\nmade by Parliament, by rule specify.\n<\/p>\n
(6) The President shall cause all such reports to be laid before each House
\nof Parliament along with a memorandum explaining the action taken or
\npurposed to be taken on the recommendations relating to the Union and the
\nreasons for the non-acceptance, if any, of any of such recommendations.\n<\/p>\n
(7) Where any such report, or any part thereof, relates to any matter with
\nwhich any State Government is concerned, a copy of such report shall be
\nforwarded to the Governor of the State who shall cause it to be laid before
\nthe Legislature of the State along with a memorandum explaining the action
\ntaken or proposed to be taken on the recommendations relating to the State
\nand the reasons for the non-acceptance, if any, of any of such
\nrecommendations.\n<\/p>\n
(8) The Commission shall, while investigating any matter referred to in
\nsub-clause (a) or inquiring into any complaint referred to in sub-clause\n<\/p>\n
(b) of clause (5), have all the powers of a civil court trying a suit and
\nin particular in respect of the following matters, namely:-\n<\/p>\n
(a)  summoning and enforcing the attendance of any person from any part of
\nIndia and examining him on oath;\n<\/p>\n
(b) requiring the discovery and production of any document;\n<\/p>\n
(c)  receiving evidence on affidavits;\n<\/p>\n
(d)  requisitioning any public record or copy thereof from any court or
\noffice;\n<\/p>\n
(e)  issuing commissions for the examination of witnesses and documents;\n<\/p>\n
(f)  any other matter which the President may, by rule, determine,”\n<\/p>\n
It can be seen from a plain reading of clause 8 that the Commission has the
\npower of the Civil Court for the purpose of conducting an investigation
\ncontemplated in sub-clause (a) and an inquiry into a complaint referred to
\nin sub-clause (b) of Clause 5 of Article 338 of the Constitution.\n<\/p>\n
Sub-clauses (a) to (f) of clause (3) clearly indicate the area in which the
\nCommission may use the powers of a Civil Court. The Commission has the
\npower to summon and enforce attendance of any person from any part of India
\nand examine him on oath; it can require the discovery and production of
\ndocuments, so on and so forth. Ail these powers are essential to facilitate
\nan investigation or an inquiry. Such powers do not convert the Commission
\ninto Civil Court.\n<\/p>\n
It will be interesting to observe that the Commissions of Inquiry Act
\n(1952) grants similar powers to the Commission of inquiry. Section 4 and
\nsub-sections (4) and (5) of Section 5 of the Commissions of Inquiry Act,
\n1952 which confer such powers are quoted below:\n<\/p>\n
“4. Powers of Commission-The Commission shall have the powers of a Civil
\nCourt, while trying a suit under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (Act V
\nof 1908) in respect of the following matters, namely:-\n<\/p>\n
(a)  summoning and enforcing the attendance of any person and examining him
\non oath;\n<\/p>\n
(b) requiring the discovery and production of any document;\n<\/p>\n
(c)  receiving evidence on affidavits;\n<\/p>\n
(d)  requisitioning any public record or copy thereof from any Court or
\noffice;\n<\/p>\n
(e) issuing commissions for the examination of witnesses or documents;\n<\/p>\n
(f)  any other matter which may be prescribed.\n<\/p>\n
5. (4) The Commission shall be deemed to be a civil Court and when any
\noffence as is described in section 175, section 178, Section 179, Section
\n180 or Section 228 of the Indian Penal Code (Act XLV of 1860) is committed
\nin the view or presence of the Commission, the Commission may. after
\nrecording the facts constituting the offence and the statement of the
\naccused as provided for in the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (Act V of
\n1898) forward the case to a Magistrate having jurisdiction to try the same
\nand the Magistrate to whom any such case is forwarded shall proceed to hear
\nthe complaint against the accused as if the case had been forwarded to him
\nunder Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898.\n<\/p>\n
(5) Any proceedings before the Commission shall be deemed to be a judicial
\nproceeding within the meaning of Sections 193 and 228 of the Indian Penal
\nCode (Act XLV of I860).”<\/p>\n
In M.V. Rajwade v. Dr. S.M. Hassan, AIR (1954) Nagpur 71, the question
\nwhether the Commission of Inquiry, by virtue of the above provisions, could
\nbe treated to be a civil court for the purpose of the Contempt of Courts
\nAct, 1971 came to be considered. The High Court observed as under:\n<\/p>\n
“It would appear from Section 4 that it only clothes the Commission with
\ncertain powers of a Civil Court but does not confer on it the status of a
\nCourt, It is only under subsection (4) of Section 5 that the Commission is
\ndeemed to be a Civil Court and sub-section (5) imparts to the proceeding
\nbefore it the character of a judicial proceeding. However, these provisions
\nonly create a fiction which cannot extend beyond the purpose for which it
\nis created,”\n<\/p>\n
The judgment in the case of M. K Rajwade (supra) was referred to with
\napproval by this Court in Dr. Baliram Waman Hiray v. Justice B. Lentin and
\nothers<\/a>, [1988] 4 SCC 419. The question in that case was whether the
\nCommission of Inquiry constituted under Section 3(1) of the Commissions of
\nInquiry Act, 1952 was a court for the purpose of Section 195 (l)(b)
\nCriminal Procedure Code, 1973, It was contended before the Court that sub-
\nSection (4) of Section 5 of the Commission of Inquiry Act created a legal
\nfiction by which the Commission of Inquiry was deemed to be a Civil Court
\nfor all purposes. It was held that the words “for all purposes” are not
\nthere in the first part of sub-section (4) and the Court cannot, in the
\nguise of interpreting the provision, supply any casus omissus. The Court
\nwent on to say that the purpose of creating the fiction was reflected in
\nthe second part of sub-clause 4, viz., for the purpose of proceedings under
\nSection 482 of the Old Code and Section 346 of the new Code of Criminal
\nProcedure.\n<\/p>\n
Interestingly, here, in clause 8 of Article 138, the words used are “the
\nCommission shall… have all the powers of the Civil Court trying a suit.”
\nBut the words “all the powers of a Civil Court” have to be exercised “while
\ninvestigating any matter referred to in sub-clause (a) or inquiring into
\nany complaint referred to in sub-clause (b) of clause 5”. All the
\nprocedural powers of a Civil Court are given to the Commission for the
\npurpose of investigating and inquiring into these matters and that too for
\nthat limited purpose only. The powers of a Civil Court of granting
\ninjunctions, temporary or permanent, do not inhere in the Commission nor
\ncan such a power be inferred or derived from a reading of clause 8 of
\nArticle 338 of the Constitution,<\/p>\n
The Commission having not been specifically granted any power to issue
\ninterim injunctions, lacks the authority to issue an order of the type
\nfound in the letter dated March 4, 1993. The order itself being bad for
\nwant of jurisdiction, all other questions and considerations raised in the
\nappeal are redundant. The High Court was justified in taking the view it
\ndid. The appeal is dismissed. No costs,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Supreme Court of India All India Indian Overseas Bank Sc & … vs Union Of India And Ors on 31 October, 1996 Bench: A.M. Ahmadi C.J., S.P. Bharucha CASE NO.: Appeal (civil) 13700 of 1996 PETITIONER: ALL INDIA INDIAN OVERSEAS BANK SC & ST EMPLOYEES WELFARE ASSN. AND ORS. RESPONDENT: UNION OF INDIA AND ORS, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-91116","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"\nAll India Indian Overseas Bank Sc & ... vs Union Of India And Ors on 31 October, 1996 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/all-india-indian-overseas-bank-sc-vs-union-of-india-and-ors-on-31-october-1996\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"All India Indian Overseas Bank Sc & ... vs Union Of India And Ors on 31 October, 1996 - 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