PETITIONER: KISHAN SINGH Vs. RESPONDENT: STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH DATE OF JUDGMENT02/11/1992 BENCH: [LALIT MOHAN SHARMA, K. RAMASWAMY AND N. VENKATACHALA, JJ.] ACT: Code of Criminal Procedure 1973: Sections 374, 382, 383,384. Criminal appeal-Non-prosecution Power of Court to dismiss Held a criminal appeal cannot be dismissed for non- prosecution Appellate court should examine the petition of appeal and judgment under challenge and consider the merits of the case before dismissing the appeal summarily- Distinction between criminal and civil appeal discussed. Civil Procedure Code 1908: Order 47 Rule 11, 17 and 19. HEADNOTE: The appellant was convicted under Section 5(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act and was sentenced to two years rigorous imprisonment and a fine of Rs. 200. He filed an appeal under Section 374 of the Criminal Procedure Code before the Allahabad High Court which was dismissed for default of the appearance of the appellant and his counsel. An application for restoration of the appeal made thereafter was also dismissed. In appeal to this Court it was contended on behalf of the appellant that the appeal could not have been dismissed for default on the ground of absence of the appellant or his counsel to appear and press the appeal. Allowing the appeal and setting aside the orders of the High Court, this Court, HELD: 1. The High Court was not right in dismissing the appeal on the ground of non-appearance of the appellant or his counsel and it should have allowed the prayer of restoration of the criminal appeal under its inherent power. [310-C] 2. Under Section 384 of the Criminal Procedure Code it is the duty of the appellant court to examine the petition of appeal and the judgment under challenge and to consider the merits of the case before dismissing the appeal summarily. The said duty is not dependent on the appellant or his counsel appearing before the Court to press the appeal. As soon as a petition of appeal is presented under Section 382 or 383 it becomes the duty of the appellate court to consider the same on merits, even in the absence of the appellant and his counsel before dismissing the same summarily. Therefore, the High Court should have either examined the appellant's petition of appeal and the judgment under challenge, itself or appointed a counsel to assist the Court, but could not have proceeded to dismiss the same on the ground that the advocate for the appellant was not present.[308-H; 309-A, C] 3. The position of a criminal appeal is not be same as that of a civil appeal. A comparison of the provisions of Section 384 of Criminal Procedure Code with those of Order 41, Rules 11 and 17 of the Civil Procedure Code clearly brings out the difference. Rule 17, Order 41 of Civil Procedure Code in express terms provides that an appeal may be dismissed on the ground of absence of the appellant when the appeal is called out, and Rule 19 provides for its restoration on the appellant offering sufficient cause for his non-appearance. However, in the case of a criminal appeal the corresponding provisions are not to be found in the Code of Criminal Procedure. On the other hand the Code in express terms requires the matter to be considered on merits. Thus a criminal appeal cannot be dismissed for non- prosecution. [309-D, E] Ram Naresh Yadav & Ors v. State of Bihar, A.I.R. 1987 S.C. 1500, dissented form. Shyam Deo Pandey & Ors. v. state of Bihar, [1971 Suppl. S.C.R. 133, relied on. Emperor v. Balumal Hotchand and Ors., 39 Criminal Law Journal 890 and Ramesh Nanu v. State of Gujarat, 17 Gujarat Law Reporter 350, referred to. JUDGMENT:
CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal No.
183 of 1993.
From the Judgment and order dated 11.5.1992 of the
Allahabad High Court in Criminal Appeal No. 1791 of the
1979.
Bahar U. Bargi and Anis Suhrawardy for the Appellant.
The following Order of the Court was delivered:
The petitioner was convicted by the Special Judge,
Mathura under Section 5(2) of the Prevention of Corruption
Act and was sentenced to two years rigorous imprisonment and
a fine of Rs. 200. He filed an appeal before the Allahabad
High Court which was dismissed for default of the appearance
Or the petitioner and his counsel, when the appeal was
called out for preliminary hearing. An application for
restoration of the appeal made thereafter has also dismissed
by the order which has been challenged before this Court in
the present special leave petition.
2. The question which arises in this case is whether an
appeal filed under Section 374 of the Criminal Procedure
Code by an accused against his conviction and sentence could
be dismissed for the default of the appellant in prosecuting
the appeal either in person or through counsel.
3. Notice was issued in the special leave petition
indicating that the matter would be finally disposed of at
the notice stage itself. The office report indicates that
notice has been served, but there is no appearance on behalf
of the respondent State. Special leave is granted.
4. The High Court in its order dated 14th November,
1990 dismissing the appeal for non-prosecution, relied upon
the observations of this Court in Ram Naresh Yadav and
others v. State of Bihar, AIR 1987 SC 1500 to the following
effect:
“The court can dismiss the appeal
for non-prosecution and enforce
discipline or refer the matter to
the Bar Council with this end in
view. But the matter can be
disposed of on merits only after
hearing the appellant or his
counsel.”
5. The learned counsel for the appellant has contended
that the appeal could not have been dismissed for default on
the ground of absence of the appellant or his counsel to
appear and press the appeal. The argument appears to be well
founded.
6). As enjoined by Section 382 of the Code of Criminal
Procedure, the appeal has to be filed in the form of a
petition. Section 384 (omitting sub-sections (3) and (4)
which are not relevant in the present context) quoted below
deals with summary disposal of appeal:
“384. Summary dismissal of appeal:
(1) If upon examining the petition
of appeal and copy of the judgment
received under Sec. 382 or Sec.
383, the Appellate Court considers
that there is no sufficient ground
for interfering, it may dismiss
the appeal summarily:
Provided that
(a) no appeal presented under Sec.
382 shall be dismissed unless the
appellant or his pleader has had a
reasonable opportunity of being
heard in support of the same;
(b) no appeal presented under Sec.
383 shall be dismissed except after
giving the appellant a reasonable
opportunity of being heard in
support of the same, unless the
Appellate Court considers that the
appeal is frivolous or that the
production of the accused in
custody before the Court would
involve such inconvenience as would
be disproportionate in the
circumstances of the case;
(c) no appeal presented under Sec.
383 shall be dismissed summarily
until the period allowed for
preferring such appeal has expired.
(2) Before dismissing an appeal
under this section, the Court may
call for the record of the case.”
7. It will be seen that the very opening words of the
Section require the Appellate Court to examine the petition
of appeal and copy of the impugned judgment in considering
whether there is any sufficient ground for interfering with
the same. Sub-section (2) provides that the Court may call
for the records of the case even at the preliminary stage.
It is, thus clear, that the duty of the appellate court to
examine the petition of appeal and the judgment under
challenge and to consider the merits of the case before
dismissing the appeal summarily is not dependent on the
appellant or his counsel appearing before the Court to press
the appeal. As soon as a petition of appeal is presented
under Section 382 or 383 it becomes the duty of the
appellate court to consider the same on merits, even in the
absence of the appellant and his counsel before dismissing
the same summarily. In a case where the appellant has been
sentenced to imprisonment and he is not in custody when the
appeal is taken up for preliminary hearing, the Appellate
Court can require him to surrender, and if the appellant
fails to obey the direction, other considerations may arise,
which may render the appeal liable to be dismissed without
consideration of the merits, but that is altogether a
different matter with which we are not concerned in the
present case. Here, the appellant’s advocate was not
present to argue the appeal when the case was called out and
in the restoration application filed subsequently, attempt
was made to explain the default, which, of course, did not
succeed. The question is, whether in the circumstances, the
High Court could have dismissed the appeal for default, and
if not, whether the prayer for restoration should have been
allowed. As is manifest from the provisions of Criminal
Procedure Code, referred to above, the High Court should
have either examined the appellant’s petition of appeal and
the judgment under challenge, itself or appointed a counsel
to assist the Court, but could not have proceeded to
dismissed the same on the ground that the Advocate for the
appellant was not present. The position of a criminal appeal
is not the same as in a civil appeal governed by the Civil
Procedure Code. comparison of the provisions of Section 384
with those of Order 41, Rules 11 and 17 of the Civil
Procedure Code clearly brings out the difference. Rule 17,
Order 41 of Civil Procedure Code in express terms provides
that an appeal may be dismissed on the ground of absence of
the appellate when the appeal is called out, and Rule 19
provides for its restoration on the appellant offering
sufficient cause for his non-appearance. In the case of a
criminal appeal the corresponding provisions are not to be
found in the Code of Criminal Procedure. On the other hand
the Code in express terms requires the matter to be
considered on merits. Thus a criminal appeal cannot be
dismissed for non-prosecution, and this is the reason as to
why the Criminal Procedure does not contain any special
provision like Order 41, Rule 19. The law was correctly laid
down in Shyam Deo Pandey & Ors. v State of Bihar, [1971]
Suppl. SCR 133 a case governed by the old Criminal Procedure
Code. The position in this regard remains the same under the
new Code. Even earlier, the High Courts were following this
very principle is clear from the observations Emperor v.
Balumal Hotchand and Others, 39 Criminal law Journal 890 and
Ramesh Nanu v. State of Gujarat, 17 Gujarat Law Reporter
350. in Emperor v. Balumal Hotchand and others, it was
observed thus: That the law requires that before an
Appellate Court dismisses and appeal summarily, it shall
read a copy of the judgment, and then, if there is no
sufficient ground for interfering, it may dismiss the appeal
summarily. it was emphasized that the dismissal of the
appeal shall depend on the exercise by the judgment, and not
upon the failure of the accused to press his appeal.
8. In view of the clear language of the Code of
Criminal Procedure and the other reasons mentioned above we
are constrained to hold that the observations of this Court
in AIR 1987 Supreme Court page 1500 relied Upon by the High
Court in the case before us, cannot be treated as having
laid down the law correctly. The High Court was, therefore,
not right in dismissing the appeal on the ground of non-
appearance of the appellant or his counsel and it should
have, therefore, allowed the prayer of restoration of the
criminal appeal under its inherent power. In the result, the
present appeal is allowed, the orders of the High Court are
set aside, the Criminal Appeal No. 1791 of 1979 before the
High Court is restored and the matter is remitted to the
High Court for consideration and decision on merits in
accordance with law.
T.N.A Appeal allowed.