PETITIONER: V. P. GINDRONIYA Vs. RESPONDENT: STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH & ORS. DATE OF JUDGMENT: 29/01/1970 BENCH: HEGDE, K.S. BENCH: HEGDE, K.S. HIDAYATULLAH, M. (CJ) SHAH, J.C. GROVER, A.N. RAY, A.N. DUA, I.D. CITATION: 1970 AIR 1494 1970 SCR (3) 418 1970 SCC (1) 362 CITATOR INFO : F 1974 SC1281 (7) RF 1976 SC1775 (13) F 1977 SC1146 (11) ACT: Public Servant-Master and Servant-Master's right to suspend servant pending enquiry-No such right expressly provided in contract or statutorily-Effect of order of suspension. HEADNOTE: On May 7, 1964, the respondent-State ordered a departmental enquiry against the appellant who was a temporary public servant in its service and placed him under suspension pending the enquiry. On June 6, 1964 the appellant gave a notice to the respondent resigning from service. On August 1, 1964 the appellant was asked to file a reply to the charges .against him. The appellant filed a writ petition in the High Court to quash the proceedings on the ground that, as he was no longer in the respondent's service, the respondent could not take any departmental action against him. The petition was dismissed. In appeal to this Court, HELD : (1) The general principle is that if the master has a power to suspend his servant pending an enquiry into his misconduct, either in the contract of service or in the statute or the rules framed thereunder governing the service, an order of suspension passed by the master has the effect of temporarily suspending the relationship of master and servant with the consequence that the servant is not bound to render service and the master is not bound to pay any wages during the period of suspension. Such a power to suspend the contract of service cannot be implied and therefore, if in the absence of such a power in the contract, statute or rules, an order of suspension is passed by the master it only forbids the -servant to work without affecting the relationship of master and servant, and the master will have to pay the servant's wages. [451 E] In the present-case, the Madhya: Pradesh Government Servants (Temporary and quasi-Permanent Service) Rules, 1960, do not provide for .suspension during the pendency of an enquiry. Therefore, the order of suspension could not be considered as an order suspending the contract -of service. It follows that when the appellant issued his notice on June 6, 1964, the contract of service was in force and it was open to him to put an end to it. [452 G] (2) In his notice, the appellant unequivocally informed the respondent that he has terminated his service with the Respondent. He also intimated that any amounts due from him to the respondent under the provisos to r. 12(a) may be deducted from the salary due to him during the period of suspension. Therefore, the notice was in accordance with the requirements of r. 12. It follows that ever since the respondent received the notice on June 9, 1964 the appellant was not in its service and therefore, it was not open to the respondent to take any disciplinary proceedings against him. [454 C] 449 The Management of Hotel Imperial, New Delhi and Ors. v. Hotel Workers' Union, [1960]1 S.C.R. 476, T. Cajee v. U. Jormanik Siem and Anr., [1961] 1 S.C.R. 750, R. P. Kapur v. Union of India, [1964] 5 S.C.R. 431 and Balvantray Ratilal Patel v. State of Maharashtra, [1964] 2 S.C.R. 577, followed. State of West Bengal v. Nipendra Nath Bagchi,. [1961] 1 S.C.R. 771 and The State of Punjab v. Khemi Ram, Civil Appeal No. 1217 of 1966 decided on 6-10-1969, explained. JUDGMENT:
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION Civil Appeal No. 990 of
1967.
Appeal from the judgment. and order dated November 3, 1966
of the Madhya Pradesh High Court in Misc. Petition No. 514
of 1964.
G. L. Sanghi, P. N. Tiwari, J. B. Dadachanji, O. C.,
Mathurand Ravinder Narain, for the appellant.
I. N. Shroff for the respondents.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
Hegde, J. The appellant was a probationary Naib Tehsildar.
He had been appointed temporarily. While he was working at
Bilaigarh in 1961, the Commissioner of Raipur Division
directed an enquiry against him on as many as 13 charges.
By this order dated August 3, 1961, the Commissioner placed
him under suspension pending enquiry. Sometime later, the
State Government taking the view that the enquiry ordered by
the Commissioner may not be legal, revoked his orders viz.
the order directing a departmental enquiry against the
appellant as well as the order placing him under suspension.
But on the same day, it ordered a departmental enquiry
against him and at the sametime it placed him under
suspension pending that enquiry. In this connection a show
cause notice was issued to the appellant on August 1, 1964.
But even before that show cause notice was issued, on June
6, 1964, the appellant gave a notice to the Government
terminating his services. After the issue of the afore-
mentioned show cause notice, he moved the High Court of
Madhya Pradesh to quash the orders passed by the State
Government on the ground that as he was no more in the
service of the Government, the Government cannot take any
departmental action against him.
The State Government resisted that ‘application on two
grounds viz. (1) the order of the State Government
suspending the appellant during the pendency of the
departmental enquiry amounted to a suspension of the
contract of service and hence the appellant could not have
unilaterally terminated his services and (2) the notice
given by him on June 6, 1964 was invalid as it did not
conform to the rules.
450
The High Court accepted the aforesaid contentions of the
State Government and dismissed the writ petition. Hence
this appeal by special leave.
Mr. Sanghi, learned Counsel for the appellant pressed for
our acceptance the two contentions advanced on behalf of the
appellant before the High Court. He urged that the view
taken by the High Court both as to the effect of the order
of suspension made on May 7, 1964 as well as to the validity
of the notice issued by the appellant on June 6, 1964 are
erroneous in law. According to him the impugned order of
suspension merely forbade the appellant from rendering
service and it did not amount to a suspension of the
contract of service. As regards the notice issued by the
appellant he urged that it was in accordance with rule 12 of
the Madhya Pradesh Government Servants (Temporary and Quasi-
Permanent Service) Rules, 1960 (in short ‘Rules’).
The parties are agreed that the appellant was a temporary
public servant at the relevant time. His service was
neither made permanent nor quasi-permanent. It is also
-admitted that the conditions of his service are exclusively
governed by the ‘Rules’. Therefore to find out the true
effect of the order of suspension made on May 7, 1964, we
must look to those ‘Rules’.
Three kinds of suspension are known to law. A public
servant may be suspended as a mode of punishment or he may
be suspended during the pendency of an enquiry. against him
if the order appointing him or statutory provisions
governing his service provide for such suspensions. Lastly
he may merely be forbidden from discharging his duties
during the pendency of an enquiry against him, which act is
also called suspension. The right to suspend as -a measure
of punishment as well as the right to suspend the contract
of service during the pendency of an enquiry are both
regulated by the contract of employment or the provisions
regulating the conditions of service. But the last category
of suspension refer-,red to earlier is the right of the
master to forbid his servant from doing the work which he
had to do under the terms of the contract of service or the
provisions governing his conditions of service, at the same
time keeping in force the master’s obligations under the
con-tract. In other words the master may ask his servant
to refrain from rendering his service but he must fulfill
his part of the contract.
The legal position as regards a master’s right to place his
servants under suspension is now well settled by the
decisions of this Court. In The Management of Hotel
Imperial, New Delhi and ors. v. Hotel Workers’ Union(1), the
question whether a master could suspend his servant during
the pendency of an enquiry came
(1) [1960] 1 S.C.R. 476.
451
up for consideration by this Court. Therein this Court
observed that it was well settled that under the ordinary
law of master and servant the power to suspend the servant
without pay could not be implied as a term in an ordinary
contract of service between the master and the servant but
must arise either from an express term in the contract
itself or a statutory provision governing such contract. It
was further observed therein that ordinarily in the absence
of such a power either in express terms in the contract or
under the rules framed under some statute would mean that
the master would have no power to suspend -a workman and
even if he does so in the sense that he forbids the employee
to work he will have to pay the wages during the so called
period of suspension. Where, however, there is power, to
suspend either in the contract of employment or in the
statute or the rules framed thereunder, the suspension has
the effect of temporarily suspending the relationship of
master and the servant with the consequence that the servant
is not bound to render service and the master is not bound
to pay.
The same view was reiterated by this Court in T. Cajee v. U.
Jormanik Siem and anr.(1). The rule laid down in the above
decisions was followed by this Court in R. P. Kapur v. Union
of India(2). The law on the subject was exhaustively
reviewed in Balvantray Ratilal Patel v. State of
Maharashtra(-). Therein the legal position was stated thus
: The general principle is that an employer can suspend an
employee of his pending an enquiry into his misconduct and
the only question that can arise in such a suspension will
relate to the payment of his wages during the period of such
suspension. It is now well settled that the power to sus-
pend, in the sense of a right to forbid a employee to work,
is not an implied term in an ordinary contract between
master and servant, and that such a power can only be the
creature either of a statute governing the contract, or of
an express term in the contract itself. Ordinarily,
therefore, the absence of such a power either as an express
term in the contract or in the rules framed under some
statute would mean that an employer would have no power to
suspend an employee of his and even if he does so in the
sense that he forbids the employee to work, he will have to
pay the employee’s wages during the period of suspension.
Where, however, there is power to suspend either in the
contract of employment or in the statute or the rules framed
thereunder, the order of suspension has the effect of
temporarily suspending the relationship of master and
servant with the consequence that the servant is not bound
to render service and the master is not bound to pay. It is
equally well settled that an order of interim suspension can
be passed
(1) [1961] 1 S.C.R. 750.
(2) [1964] 5 S.C.R. 431.
(3) [1968] 2 S.C.R. 577.
452
against. the employee while an enquiry is pending into his
conduct even though there is no such term in the contract of
employment or in the rules, but in such a case the employee
would be entitled to his remuneration for the period of
suspension if there is no statute or rule under which, it
could be withheld. The distinction between suspending the
contract of a service of a servant and suspending him from
performing the duties of his office on the basis that the
contract is subsisting is important. The suspension in the
latter case is always an implied term in every contract of
service. When an employee is suspended in this sense, it
means that the employer,merely issues a direction to him
that he should not do the service required of him during a
particular period. In other words the employer is regarded
as issuing an order to the employee which because the
contract is subsisting, the employee must obey.
In support of the decision of the High Court, the learned
Counsel for the Respondent relied on the decisions of this
Court in the State of West Bengal v. Nipendra Nath Bagchi(1)
and The State of Punjab v. Khemi Ram (2) . He did not rely
on the other decisions referred to in the judgment of the
High Court. Hence it is ,not necessary to examine them.
In Bagchi’s case(1), one of the questions that arose for
decision was whether on the strength of rule 75(a) of the
West Bengal Service Rules, an officer may be retained in
service even after his superannuation for the purpose of
holding a departmental enquiry against him. This Court held
that the rule in question was not designed to be used for
the purpose of retaining a person in service for enquiry
against him but to keep in employment persons with a
meritorious record of service who although superannuated can
render some more service and whose retention in service is
considered necessary on public grounds. This decision does
not bear on the point under consideration. In Khemi Ram’s
case (2) the impugned suspension order was made on the
strength of statutory rules governing the conditions of
service. Hence this Court came to the conclusion that the
order of suspension in that case amounted to suspending the
contract of service.
In the present case, the ‘Rules’ do not provide for
suspension during the pendency of an enquiry. Therefore the
impugned order of suspension cannot be. considered as an
order suspending the contract of service. From that
conclusion it follows that when the appellant issued the
notice terminating his services on June 6, 1964, the
contract of service was in force and it was open to him to
put
(1)[1961] 1 S.C.R. 771.
(2) Civil Appeal No. 1217/66 decided on 6.10.1969.
453
an end to the same. For the reasons mentioned above, we
hold that the High Court erred in opining that the true
effect of the order suspension made by the State Government
on May 7, 1964 was to suspend the contract of service.
This takes us to the legality of the notice served by the
appellant on June 6, 1964. That notice was evidently issued
under rule 12 of the ‘Rules’. That rule reads
“12. (a) Subject to any provision contained in the order of
appointment or in any agreement between the Government and
the temporary Government servant, the service of a temporary
Government servant who is not in quasi-permanent service
shall be liable to termination at ,any time by notice in
writing given either by the Government servant to the
appointing authority or by the appointing authority to the
Government servant
Provided that the services of any such Government servant
may be terminated forthwith by payment to him of a sum
equivalent to the amount of his pay plug allowance,, for the
period of the notice; or as the case may be, for the period
by which such notice falls short of one month or any agreed
longer period :
Provided further that the payment of allowances shall be
subject to the conditions under which such allowances are
admissible.
(b) The period of such notice shall be one month unless
otherwise agreed between the Government and the Government
servant.”
There is hardly any room for dispute that the notice contem-
plated by the main cl. (a) of rule 12 can be given either by
the Government or its temporary servant. The rule in
question specifically says so. It is not necessary for us
in the present case to decide whether the two provisos to
that rule or cl. (b) thereof apply to a notice given by a
government servant. The appellant has assumed that those
provisions also apply to a notice given under that rule. We
shall for the purpose of this case proceed on the basis of
that assumption and see whether the appellant has
satisfied the notice given by the appellant on that part of
the rule also.
The material portion June 6, 1964 reads thus
“Whereas the undersigned holds no charge this day and is not
on duty and intends to bring the termination of his
employment with the Government of M.P. forthwith on receipt
of this writing and
L7Sup Cl (NP)/70-4
454
Whereas as required by the service rules the undersigned do
hereby forfeit and relinquish his claim for one month’s pay
or allowance whichever is necessary. Now therefore this
notice is hereby served as required under the rules on
receipt whereof the relationship of employer and employee
now existing between the Government of Madhya Pradesh and
the under-signed shall cease to exist and consequently all
rights duties. and obligations arising from and under the
aforesaid relationship shall hereafter absolutely cease.”
This notice was received by the Government on June 9, 1964.
In that notice, the appellant has unequivocally informed the
Government that he has terminated his services with the
Government. This part of the notice satisfies the
requirements of the main part of rule 12(a). In that very
notice he has also intimated that any amount payable by him
to the government under the provisos to rule 12(a) may be
forfeited from the amounts due to him from the government.
It may be noted that considerable amount must have been due
to him towards his salary during the period of his
suspension. By his notice he intimated to the government
that the amounts due from him to the government under the
provisos to rule 12(a) may be deducted from that amount. We
fail to see how this notice is not in accordance with the
requirements of rule 12. In our opinion the High Court was
wrong in holding that the notice in question did not comply
with the requirements of the said rule.
No other ground was urged on behalf of the respondent in
support of the order of the High Court.
From the above findings, it follows that ever since June 9,
1964, the appellant was not in the service of the
Government. Therefore it was not open to the government to
take any disciplinary proceedings against him. Hence the
impugned orders are liable to be quashed. We accordingly
allow this appeal and quash those orders. No order as to
costs.
Y.P. Appeal allowed.
455