IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
Dated: 31/01/2006
Coram
The Hon'ble Mr. Justice P. SATHASIVAM
and
The Hon'ble Mr. Justice N. PAUL VASANTHAKUMAR
Habeas Corpus Petition No. 1077 of 2005
Fathima, aged 25 years,
W/o. Sheik Mohideen,
No.12, Velayutham Street,
Pudupet, Chennai-600 002. .. Petitioner.
-Vs-
State: represented by
Inspector of Police,
Special Investigation Team,
CBCID, Chennai. .. Respondent.
Habeas Corpus Petition filed under Article 226 of the Constitution of
India for issuance of a Writ of Habeas Corpus to produce detenu Sheik
Mohideen, son of Jamaluddin before this Court and set him at liberty.
Mr. R. Sankarasubbu:- For petitioner.
^Mr. Abudukumar Rajarathinam, Govt., Advocate (Crl.
side):- For respondent.
:ORDER
(Order of Court was made by P. Sathasivam, J.,)
The petitioner, wife of one Sheik Mohideen, Accused No.8 in Sessions Case No.
8 of 2003 on the file of Special Court for Bomb Blast Cases, Poonamallee, has
filed this Habeas Corpus Petition for production of her husband, the said
Sheik Mohideen before this Court and set him at liberty. In the affidavit
filed in support of the above petition it is stated that her husband was
arrested on 18-6-1999 and is languishing in jail over 6 = years and the said
prolonged custody is oppressive and illegal. The prosecution though cited 400
witnesses, ultimately examined 235 witnesses only and two more investigation
officers have to be examined. The witnesses examined so far none implicated
the detenu, without any incriminating material, keeping her husband in
prolonged custody is unjust and improper. His bail applications were also
dismissed with a direction to complete the trial. In H.C.P.No. 75 of 2005
the Division Bench of this Court on 20-6-20 05 directed the prosecution to
complete the trial before July, 2005. In spite of such orders and even after
passing of several months, the trial has not concluded resulting in prolonged
custody of the detenu; hence the present petition.
2. Pursuant to the direction of this Court, the respondent filed a counter
stating that on 30-5-1999 during early morning, bombs were planted in as many
as seven places in Tamil Nadu in the premises of the Police and Prison
Departments (of which one exploded) 3 places in Chennai, at one place at
Coimbatore and at one place at Trichy in pursuance to the conspiracy hatched
by the hardcore Muslim fundamentalists Zahir Hussain @ Anus (A-1) and 18
others besides 5 approvers to retaliate and to wreak vengeance for the
perceived illtreatment of Muslim prisoners kept in various prisons of Tamil
Nadu. It is further stated that the petitioner’s husband Sheik Moideen @
Samosa ( A-8) is a long time associate of accused Zakir Hussain @ Anus (A-1)
and a most trusted confidant of S.A. Basha, the founder President of the
since banned Al-Umma. He facilitated accused Zakir Hussain @ Anus (A-1) in
selecting the site for planting of bombs at the Office of the Commissioner of
Police, Chennai. On 29-5-1999, he received a box bomb, Pipe Bomb, Booster
charges along with pamphlets and other accessories to plant bomb at the Office
of the Commissioner of Police and also explosive substances to be concealed
for future unlawful use from Ummar Farook (A-4) and Ammani (A-6). On 30-5-99,
during early morning hours, he had planted a box bomb near the compound wall
of the Office of the Commissioner of Police, Chennai in order to kill police
personnel and the public and to cause damages to the properties. He was found
in possession oof explosive substances and other bomb making accessories kept
for future unlawful use which were recovered in pursuant to his confession on
17-6-99 by the Inspector Sushil Kumar and his party who was examined as
P.W.194 on 24-6-2005. He is concerned in the following bomb blast cases:
1. F2 Egmore Police Station Crime No.1018/99
2. D1 Triplicane Police Station Crime No.695/99
3. F1 Chindadripet Police Station Crime No.1253/99
4. B6 Cantonment Police Station Crime No.616/99
5. B1 Bazaar Police Station Crime No. 1163/99
6. Payangady Police Station Crime No. 137/99
7. Kasargode Police Station Crime No. 4/99.
These cases were charged on 18-04-2001 in C.C.No. 3606/2001 pending before
14th Metropolitan Magistrate for committal proceedings. Five approvers have
been examined and committed to Sessions on 23-12-2002. The trial was
commenced on 05-01-2004 and so far 222 witnesses were examined.
3. It is further submitted that the husband of the petitioner Sheik Moideen @
Samosa already moved this Court for bail which was dismissed on 21-9-99; vide
Criminal O.P.No. 17406/99, Criminal O. P.No. 5046/2001 on 30-03-2001 and
Criminal O.P.No. 18026/2002, Criminal O.P.No. 24993/2003 dated 13-08-2003,
Criminal O.P.No. 4425/2004 dated 17-02-2004 and Criminal O.P.No. 16146/2004
dated 20-08-2004.
4. It is true that in the earlier H.C.P. filed by Sheik Moideen, this Court
after observing that since the trial will be completed by the end of July,
2005, dismissed the said petition. The Inspector of Police further stated
that from 20-6-2005 till October, 200 5, the case is progressing at high speed
and 18 witnesses have been examined as shown hereunder:-
1. 24-6-2005 PW194 Sushil Kumar cross examined.
2. 27-6-2005 PW178 Rajagopal cross examined.
3. 29-9-2005 PW208 Santhanam, I.A.S.
4. 13-7-2005 PW209 Asok Kumar, Inspector of Police.
5. 14-7-2005 PW210 Chandrasekar, Inspector of Police.
6. 19-7-2005 PW211 Raman Kutty, S.I. of Police
PW212 Ramanathan, Inspector of Police
7. 22-7-2005 PW213 Kanagaraj, Inspector of Police.
PW214 Sultan Kabeer
PW215 Muthusamy
8. 08-08-2005 PW216 Dinakaran, Inspector of Police
9. 10-8-2005 PW217 Sivakumar, Inspector of Police
10. 12-8-2005 & 16-8-2005 PW218 Rajendran, Inspector of
Police.
11. 17-8-2005 PW219 Chakravarthy, Inspector of Police
12. 22-8-2005 & 23-8-2005 PW220 Shanmuga Rajeswaran, IPS.
13. 23-08-2005 PW221 Paranthaman, Inspector of Police
14. 30-8-2005 PW222 Anita Praveen, IAS.,
15. 02-9-2005, 13-9-2005 PW221 Paranthaman, Inspector
37-9-3006, 05-10-2005 of Police cross examined.
In the same affidavit it is further stated that only two more prosecution
witnesses have to be examined for completion of prosecution case and the case
was posted on 19-10-2005 for examination of one Gunasekaran, Inspector, BDDS.,
Chennai. After his examination, the Chief Investigating Officer Thiru
Senthamarai Kannan, I.P.S., Superintendent of Police, alone has to be examined
for closing of the prosecution. The above information are available in the
counter affidavit dated 19-10-2005.
5. The same Inspector of Police filed another additional counter affidavit
dated 31-10-2005 wherein it is stated that the prosecution case was going to
be completed on 09-11-2005 after the examination of Senthamarai Kannan,
I.P.S., Superintendent of Police and the Chief Investigating Officer and if
the petitioner is set at liberty at this stage, the proceedings of the trial
will be stopped since the petitioner will abscond.
6. The same Officer has also filed another additional affidavit dated
6-12-2005 wherein it is stated that the petitioner was found in possession of
some explosive materials and explosive substances. It is sufficient to prove
his guilt as one of the coconspirator and liable for specific punishment of
conspiracy under Section 120-B I.P.C. The evidence of Sushil Kuamr, Inspector
of Police, cannot be thrown out since the evidence of a police should be
considered as that of a public witness unless the officer has got a personal
grudge against the petitioner to foist a case. The prosecution has completed
the examination of witnesses on 29-11-2005 and out of 380 witnesses, the
prosecution has completed by examining 224 prosecution witnesses and no more
prosecution witnesses are to be examined. The accused has to be questioned
under Section 313 of Code of Criminal Procedure soon and for which the
presence of all the accused before the Court is mandatory. The release of the
husband of the petitioner at this crucial stage will hamper the further trial
proceedings since there is every likelihood that the petitioner may abscond.
7. Apart from the above information, Mr. Abudukumar Rajarathinam, learned
Government Advocate, has also informed us that after examination of 224
prosecution witnesses, the prosecution side has been closed and the case has
been posted to 13-02-2006 for questioning the accused under Section 313
Cr.P.C. It is also brought to our notice that the regular Special Judge was
transferred on 15-12-2005 and thereafter the matter was adjourned on two
occasions i.e., on 02-01-20 06 and 20-01-2006 and finally posted to
13-02-2006 for questioning. In such a circumstance, he also prayed that if
the detenu is set at liberty, in view of his past conduct, he will abscond and
the trial cannot be proceeded with. In any event, according to him, the
present Habeas Corpus Petition is not the proper remedy and if at all the
detenu has any grievance, he can move the appropriate Court for bail.
8. This is not an ordinary case like other cases. There is no doubt about
it. In this case, the prosecution examined as many as 224 witnesses and
closed its side. As said earlier, the case has been posted to 13-02-2006 for
questioning under Section 313 Cr.P.C. We are also conscious of the fact that
in our earlier order in H.C.P.No. 1223/2004 and 75/2005 we observed that the
trial will reach its finality by the end of July, 2005. However, considering
the examination of large number of witnesses, both chief and cross in respect
of each witness, the Court had taken time till November, 2005 for completion
of examination of the prosecution witnesses. It is also not in dispute that
the Special Judge who was holding the post was transferred on 15-12-2005 and
Thiru Avadi Thiyagaraja Moorthy, another Special Judge, Poonamallee is now
in-charge of the said Court. In such a circumstance, it cannot be concluded
that the prosecution either disobeyed or violated the order of this Court. It
depends upon the facts of each case and number of persons to be examined on
either side. There is no dispute with regard to the proposition that the
accused are entitled speedy trial and if there is inaction on the part of the
prosecution, they are entitled to be released. However, the said principle
cannot be applied mechanically to all cases. We do not want to go into the
merits of the charges levelled against the husband of the petitioner. Based
on the materials it is for the Special Court to decide one way or other. In
view of the peculiar factual position and large number of witnesses examined
on the prosecution side, we are of the view that the following cases cited by
Mr. R. Sankarasubbu, learned counsel for the petitioner, are not helpful to
the case on hand:
(i) STATE OF U.P v. CHANDRA SHEKHAR SHUKLA
(2001 Supreme Court Cases (Cri) 400)
(ii) A.R. ANTULAY ETC. v. R.S. NAYAK
(1992 (1) Crimes Supreme Court 193)
(iii) S.C. LEGAL AID COMMITTEE REPRESENTING UNDERTRIAL
PRISONERS v. UNION OF INDIA
(1995 Supreme Court Cases (Cri) 39)
(iv) SHAHEEN WELFARE ASSN. v. UNION OF INDIA
(1996 Supreme Court Cases (Cri) 366)
(v) HUSSAINARA KHATOON (I) v. HOME SECRETARY
(1980 Supreme Court Cases (Cri) 23)
(vi) KADRA PEHADIYA v. STATE OF BIHAR
(1981 Supreme Court Cases (Cri) 791)
(vii) THYAGU @ THIYAGARAJAN v. INSPECTOR OF POLICE,
BARAGUR (W.P.No.5380/90 dated 23-8-1990-D.B)
(viii) JAINULLAH v. STATE BY DY.S.P, CBI, CHENNAI
(HCP No. 595/2002 dated 19-2-2003-DB)
(ix) NALLARASAN v. DY.S.P, Q BRANCH CID, CUDDALORE
(HCP No. 443 of 2003 etc., dated 24-4-2003-DB)
(x) F.M. AHMED GNANIAR v. STATE BY DY.S.P., CBI,CHENNAI
(HCP No. 1487/2003 dated 18-12-2003-DB)
(xi) RAVICHANDRAN v. STATE REP.BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE,
SPECIAL INVESTIGATION TEAM CBCID, CHENNAI
(HCP Nos. 1223/2004 and 75/2005 Dt:20-6-2005-DB)
(xii) SHIEK MOHAMED UMAR SHA @ RAJU v. STATE
(Crl.O.P.Nos.25088 and 25089/2003 dt. 1-8-2003)
(xiii) ZULFIGAR ALI @ APPAKUTTY v. STATE
(Crl.O.P.No.580/2004 Dt: 8-1-2004)
9. It is useful to refer a Constitutional Bench decision of the Supreme Court
in P. Ramachandra Rao v. State of Karnataka, reported in 2002 Supreme Court
Cases (Cri) 830. After referring to all the earlier case laws, including the
Supreme Court decisions cited by Mr. R. Sankarasubbu, Their Lordships have
concluded thus: (para 29 )
“29. For all the foregoing reasons, we are of the opinion that in Common
Cause case (I) (1996) 4 SCC 33 [as modified in Common Cause (II) (1996) 6 SCC
775] and Raj Deo Sharma (I) [1998] 7 SCC 507 and (II) [1999] 7 SCC 604 the
Court could not have prescribed periods of limitation beyond which the trial
of a criminal case or a criminal proceeding cannot continue and must
mandatorily be closed followed by an order acquitting or discharging the
accused. In conclusion we hold:
(1) The dictum in A.R. Antulay case [(1992)1 SCC 225] is correct and still
holds the field.
(2) The propositions emerging from Article 21 of the Constitution and
expounding the right to speedy trial laid down as guidelines in A.R. Antulay
case adequately take care of right to speedy trial. We uphold and reaffirm
the said propositions.
(3) The guidelines laid down in A.R. Antulay case are not exhaustive but only
illustrative. They are not intended to operate as hard-and-fast rules or to
be applied like a straitjacket formula. Their applicability would depend on
the fact situation of each case. It is difficult to foresee all situations
and no generalization can be made.
(4) It is neither advisable, nor feasible, nor judicially permissible to draw
or prescribe an outer limit for conclusion of all criminal proceedings. The
time-limits or bars of limitation prescribed in the several directions made in
Common Cause (I), Raj Deo Sharma (I) and Raj Deo Sharma (II) could not have
been so prescribed or drawn and are not good law. The criminal courts are not
obliged to terminate trial or criminal proceedings merely on account of lapse
of time, as prescribed by the directions made in Common Cause case (I), Raj
Deo Sharma case (I) and (II). At the most the periods of time prescribed in
those decisions can be taken by the courts seized of the trial or proceedings
to act as reminders when they may be persuaded to apply their judicial mind to
the facts and circumstances of the case before them and determine by taking
into consideration the several relevant factors as pointed out in A.R.
Antulay case (1992) 1 SCC 225 and decide whether the trial or proceedings have
become so inordinately delayed as to be called oppressive and unwarranted.
Such timelimits cannot and will not by themselves be treated by any court as a
bar to further continuance of the trial or proceedings and as mandatorily
obliging the court to terminate the same and acquit or discharge the accused.
(5) The criminal courts should exercise their available powers, such as those
under Sections 309, 311 and 258 of the Code of Criminal Procedure to
effectuate the right to speedy trial. A watchful and diligent trial Judge can
prove to be a better protector of such right than any guidelines. In
appropriate cases, jurisdiction of the High Court under Section 482 Cr.P.C.
and Articles 226 and 227 of the Constitution can be invoked seeking
appropriate relief or suitable directions.
(6) This is an appropriate occasion to remind the Union of India and the State
Governments of their constitutional obligation to strengthen the
judiciaryquantitatively and qualitativelyby providing requisite funds,
manpower and infrastructure. We hope and trust that the Governments shall
act.
We answer the questions posed in the orders of reference dated 19-9-2 000 and
26-4-2001 in the above said terms.”
It is clear from the principles laid down in the above decision that it is not
permissible to prescribe any outer-limit for conclusion of criminal
proceedings. We have already demonstrated the number of persons involved and
examined on the side of the prosecution case and it cannot be compared with
other ordinary cases where only few witnesses are examined on the side of the
prosecution. In the light of the principles laid down in the above case and
of the fact that the prosecution has already completed the examination of
their witnesses and posted for questioning, we are not inclined to accept the
request of the petitioner in this petition. However, it is made clear that if
the trial is further delayed due to the inaction or attitude on the part of
the prosecution, the person aggrieved can move the appropriate Court for bail.
With the above observation, the Habeas Corpus Petition is dismissed.
Index:- Yes
Internet:- Yes.
R.B.
To
The Inspector of Police, Special Investigation Team,
CBCID., Chennai.