IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM
CRL.A.No. 1939 of 2010()
1. FIROSE V.P
... Petitioner
Vs
1. STATE AND ANOTHER
... Respondent
For Petitioner :SRI.T.K.KUNHABDULLA
For Respondent :SRI.T.P.M.IBRAHIM KHAN,ASST.S.G OF INDI
The Hon'ble MR. Justice PIUS C.KURIAKOSE
The Hon'ble MR. Justice P.S.GOPINATHAN
Dated :28/10/2010
O R D E R
PIUS C KURIAKOSE & P.S. GOPINATHAN, JJ.
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CRL.APPEAL NOS.1939 OF 2010 & 2009 OF 2010
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DATED THIS, THE 28TH DAY OF OCTOBER, 2010.
J U D G M E N T
Gopinathan, J.
These appeals are preferred under Section 21 of the National
Investigation Agency Act, 2008, herein after referred to as Act 34/2008.
The appellant in Crl.A. 1939 of 2010 is accused No.12 in S.C. 1 of 2010
on the file of the Special Court for the Trial of National Investigation
Agency cases (NIA Cases), Kerala, Ernakulam. The appellants in the other
appeal are accused Nos. 6 and 18. They are being prosecuted by the second
respondent for offences under Section 3 read with Section 13(ii), 18 and
39 of the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act, 1967, amended by Act, 2004
and Section 120 B, 121 (A) 124 A, 465 and 471 of the Indian Penal Code.
Accused No.6 was arrested on 31.10.2008, Accused No. 12 was arrested on
25.10.2008 and Accused No. 18 was arrested on 1.11.2008. Eversince
arrest, they are in custody. Accused No. 6, 12 and 18, along with other
accused, preferred Crl. M.P. 947 of 2010 seeking an order to release them
on bail. By the impugned order dated 18.8.2010, the above application
was dismissed. Assailing the above order, these appeals were preferred.
2. Section 21 of the National Investigation Agency Act reads as
follows:
CRL.A. 1939 & 2009/2010 2
“21. Appeals –(1) Notwithstanding anything
contained in the Code, an appeal shall lie from any
judgment, sentence or order, not being an
interlocutory order, of a Special Court to the High
Court both on facts and on law.
(2) Every appeal under sub-section (1) shall
be heard by a Bench of two Judges of the High Court
and shall, as far as possible, be disposed of within a
period of three months from the date of admission of
the appeal.
(3) Except as aforesaid, no appeal or
revision shall lie to any court from any judgment,
sentence or order including an interlocutory order of
a Special Court.
(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in
sub-section (3) of section 378 of the Code, an appeal
shall lie to the High Court against an order of the
Special Court granting or refusing bail.
(5) Every appeal under this section shall be
preferred within a period of thirty days from the date
of the judgment, sentence or order appealed from:
Provided that the High Court may entertain an
appeal after the expiry of the said period of thirty
days if it is satisfied that the appellant had sufficient
cause for not preferring the appeal within the period
of thirty days:
Provided further that no appeal shall be
entertained after the expiry of period of ninety days.”
3. The impugned order being one rejecting application for bail, it is
appealable under Section 21(1) and 21(4). Such appeal is to be heard by a
Bench of two Judges of the High Court under Section 21(2). Therefore,
these appeals were posted before us.
4. The learned counsel for the appellant, the learned Public
CRL.A. 1939 & 2009/2010 3
Prosecutor representing the first respondent State and the Assistant Solicitor
General representing the second respondent were heard.
5. The allegation against the appellants are that the appellants joined
as member in the conspiracy arranged for facilitating terrorism and thereby
waging war against the Nation and in furtherance of their common
intention and knowledge, they along with the other accused aided and
assisted in facilitating terrorism by attending the classes arranged for the
above purpose at Neerchal, Poothappara and also abetted accused Nos. 7, 8,
9 and 15 to attend the classes at the above places and at Jammu and
Kashmir and they facilitated Accused 7, 8, 9,10 and 15 associated with LeT
and get trained in arms and ammunition with the intention of facilitating
terrorism and to commit terrorist activities and they also decided to make
fake identity cards to conceal their identity with the intention to design
wage war against the Government.
6. Sri. T.K. Kunhabdulla very vehemently submitted that the
appellants were falsely implicated and they were not at all connected with
any offence alleged and they are in custody for about two years and that the
special court was not justified in declining bail.
7. The learned Assistant Solicitor General, appearing for the second
respondent vehemently opposed the application for bail stating that the
CRL.A. 1939 & 2009/2010 4
appellants are involved in terrorist activities joining hands with Lashker-e-
Toiba, a banned terrorist organization having base in Pakistan and their
activities are thereat to security, unity and integrity of the Nation and that
there are reasonable grounds for believing that accusation against the
appellants is prima facie true and in the light of the proviso to Section 43D
(5) of the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, the appellants are not
entitled to be released on bail. For a correct appraisal, a reading of Section
43D(5) along with its proviso would be relevant. It reads as follows:
(Section 43D (1) to (4) omitted as not relevant).
(5) “Notwithstanding anything contained in the
Code, no person accused of an offence punishable
under Chapters IV and VI of this Act shall, if in
custody, be released on bail or on his own bond
unless the Public Prosecutor has been given an
opportunity of being heard on the application for
such release.
Provided that such accused person shall not be
released on bail or on his own bond if the Court, on a
perusal of the case diary or the report made under
Section 173 of the Code is of the opinion that there
are reasonable grounds for believing that the
accusation against such person is prima facie true.”
8. In view of the above provision, we find that the appellants
are not entitled to be released on bail, if the Court on perusal of the case
diary or the report of the investigating officer made under Section 173 of the
CRL.A. 1939 & 2009/2010 5
Code of Criminal Procedure finds that there are reasonable grounds for
believing that the accusation is prima facie true. The above legal position is
not disputed by Sri. T.K. Kunhabdullah, the learned counsel appearing for
the appellants.
9. The question then remains is whether the statement of the
witnesses prima facie establish that the allegation is true or not. The learned
Assistant Solicitor General took us through the statement of witness Nos.
43, 44, 47, 48,144,179 and 182 and also the statements of additional
witnesses 11,12 and 13. Going by the statement of the above witnesses, we
find that there are reasonable grounds for believing that the accusation
against the appellants is prima facie true. On the other hand, the learned
counsel for the appellants vehemently argued that even allowing the
appellants to face trial, there would not be any evidence to sustain a
conviction against them and that the appellants are amenable to any
condition that may be imposed. We find that in a case like this, for
considering whether the appellants are entitled to be released on bail, the
court need not search to see whether there would be evidence against the
appellants to convict them after trial. We don’t prefer to go into the merits
of the case at this stage as it may prejudice the appellants. Suffice to
mention that going by the statements of the witnesses mentioned above, we
CRL.A. 1939 & 2009/2010 6
are persuaded to believe that the accusation is primafacie true. We cannot
shut our eyes against the terrorist activities affecting the security, unity and
integrity of the Nation. Imposing conditions may not be of any effect. In
view of the proviso to Section 43D(5) quoted above, the appellants are not
entitled to be released when there are reasons or grounds for believing that
the accusation is prima facie true. An identical matter had been considered
by the Apex Court in State v. Jaspal Singh Gill (91984 CRL. LJ 1211). It
was a Special Leave Petition preferred against an order granting bail by the
High Court. The Apex Court, while cancelling the bail order, has held that
the respondent therein should not have been enlarged on bail in the larger
interest of the State. Going by the allegations against the appellant we find
that the allegations are of highest magnitude and punishment assigned is of
extreme severity. Exercise of the judicial discretion in granting bail in cases
like this had been laid down by the Apex Court in G. Narasimhulu vs.
Public Prosecutor, A.P. (AIR 1978 SC 429). The Apex Court in Para 6,
Krishna Iyer, J. held:
“Let us have a glance at the pros and cons and the
true principle around which other relevant factors must
revolve. When the case is finally disposed of and a
person is sentenced to incarceration, things stand on a
different footing. We are concerned with the penultimate
stage and the principal rule to guide release on bail
should be to secure the presence of the applicant who
seeks to be liberated, to take judgment and serve sentenceCRL.A. 1939 & 2009/2010 7
in the event of the court punishing him with
imprisonment. In this perspective, relevance of
considerations is regulated by their nexus with the likely
absence of the applicant for fear of a severe sentence, if
such be plausible in the case. As Erle J. indicated, when
the crime charged (of which a conviction has been
sustained) is of the highest magnitude and the
punishment of it assigned by law is of extreme severity,
the court may reasonably presume some evidence
warranting that no amount of bail would secure the
presence of the convict at the stage of judgment, should
he be enlarged. (Mod. Law Rev. p. 50 ibid, (1952) I.E. &
B.1). Lord Campbell C.J. concurred in this approach in
that case and Coleridge J. set down the order of priorities
as follows:
‘I do not think that an accused party is detained in
custody because of his guilt, but because there are
sufficient probable grounds for the charge against
him as to make it proper that he should be tried,
and because the detention is necessary to ensure
his appearance at trial. …….. It is a very important
element in considering whether the party, if
admitted to bail would appear to take his trial; and
I think that in coming to a determination on that
point three elements will generally be found the
most important; the charge, the nature of the
evidence by which it is supported, and the
punishment to which the party would be liable if
convicted. In the present case, the charge is that
of wilful murder, the evidence contains an
admission by the prisoners of the truth of the
charge, and the punishment of the offence is, by
law, death.”
Again, at para 7, it is held:
“It is thus obvious that the nature of the charge is the
vital factor and the nature of the evidence also is
pertinent. The punishment to which the party may
be liable, if convicted or conviction is confirmed,CRL.A. 1939 & 2009/2010 8
also bears upon the issue.”
10. Bearing the above principle in mind and having due regard to
the nature and magnitude of the crime and the manner in which it was
designed and executed as well as the forces behind, we find that granting
bail by imposing conditions, we may not be able to secure the presence of
the appellants to face trial and receive sentence or to prevent the appellants,
if released on bail, from interfering with the prosecution witnesses or
intercepting with the process of justice. Therefore, imposing conditions
alone may not yield any effect. The trial court was justified in declining
to grant bail. We find no reason to interfere with.
11. The learned counsel for the appellant submitted that accused No.
17 was granted bail in Crl. appeal No. 957/2001 by another Bench. We
have gone through the judgment dated 13.9.2010 in that appeal. Cogent
reasons are stated therein. The allegation against the accused No. 17 was
that he harboured accused No. 15. The Division Bench found nothing to
show that while accused No. 17 harbouring accused No. 15, accused No.
17 was aware that accused No. 15 was involved in terrorist activities.
Here, the nature of allegations are entirely different. Therefore, the
appellants herein cannot be equated with accused No. 17 for the purpose of
granting bail.
CRL.A. 1939 & 2009/2010 9
12. It is also seen that the first accused was granted bail by the
committal court during the investigation stage for failure of the prosecution
to file charge sheet within the time limit stipulated under Section 167(2)
Cr.P.C., probably subject to modification by Section 43D of the Unlawful
Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 as amended by Act 35 of 2008. That
ground is not available to the appellants herein.
13. Learned Public Prosecutor Sri. S.U. Nazar submitted that in two
other cases, bail applications were filed before this Court and it was
posted before separate Single Judges and the applications were considered
and disposed of as if the Single Judge has got power to dispose of the bail
applications. According to the learned Public Prosecutor, it is against the
mandate of the law and that only a Bench of two judges alone can hear
such petitions as appeal. One case is reported in 2010(3) KLT 524.
Another one is Bail Application No. 6203 of 2010. That order is dated
14.10.2010.
14. Going by the above decisions, it did’nt appear that those bail
applications were instituted against the order dismissing the petition seeking
bail. If it was against order dismissing bail application, the argument of
the learned Public Prosecutor is correct. However, no such objection was
seen raised before the learned Single Judge.
CRL.A. 1939 & 2009/2010 10
15. Referring to Section 21 (1), (2) & (4), which we quoted earlier,
learned Public Prosecutor sought for an authoritative pronouncement.
Going by Section 21 of Act 34/08, which we quoted earlier, we find that
there is no room for any doubt that an order dismissing bail application is
appealable under Section 21(1) and (4) and that appeal shall be heard by a
Bench of two Judges. Therefore, under Section 21(2) such appeal shall be
heard by a Bench of two Judges of the High Court.
In the result, both the appeals are dismissed.
PIUS C. KURIAKOSE, JUDGE.
P.S. GOPINATHAN, JUDGE.
KNC/-