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Reportable
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CRIMINAL APPEAL NOS. 1516-1517 OF 2004
Amerika Rai & Ors. ... Appellants
Versus
State of Bihar ... Respondent
J U D G M E N T
V.S. SIRPURKAR, J.
1. This judgment will dispose of Criminal Appeal Nos. 1516 and 1517
of 2004. Five accused persons have filed these appeals, they being
Amerika Rai (original accused No. 1), Darbesh Rai (original accused No.
2), Mithilesh Rai (original accused No. 4), Sanjay Rai (original accused No.
5) and Sipahi Rai (original accused No. 6). The appeal of Chulhan Rai
(original accused No. 3) is already dismissed. Six accused persons came
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to be tried for having formed themselves into an unlawful assembly and as
a common object of that unlawful assembly, having committed murder of
one Shankar Rai. Some of the accused persons were also charged with
the offences under the Arms Act. All the accused persons were convicted
for the offence punishable under Section 302 read with Section 149 of the
Indian Penal Code (IPC), while Chulhan Rai (A-3) was convicted for
substantive offence punishable under Section 302 and for offence
punishable under Section 27 of the Arms Act. Again, Mithilesh Rai (A-4)
was also convicted for the offence punishable under Section 307 IPC in
addition to the offences punishable under Section 27 of the Arms Act and
Section 302 read with Section 149 IPC. He was booked for that offence on
the allegation that he had fired at and injured one Dineshwar Rai (PW-7).
The appeals of all the accused persons were dismissed by Patna High
Court and that is how the accused persons are before us in the present
appeals.
2. The prosecution story is in the short conspectus. This is a cruel
murder of a young bridegroom Shankar Rai who was married only a day
before. He was put to death virtually without any reason. As per the
prosecution story, his marriage was held at village Ishupur, Police Station
Lalganj, District Vaishali. All the accused persons appear to be either
relations or neighbours of deceased Shankar Rai. They all had joined the
bridegroom party and were present at the time of marriage. It is alleged
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that at the time of function of “Dwarpuja”, there was some altercation in
between the members of bride party on one side and bridegroom’s on the
other. It is alleged that the brother of the informant Dineshwar Rai was
assaulted by the members of the bride party and in retaliation, the
informant also attacked some members of the bride side. Further, when
one of the accused persons Sanjay Rai (A-5) was going back to Janmasa
(the place where the bridegroom’s party stays during the marriage), he
was assaulted by some boys of the village. However, the marriage was
solemnized. The party of the bridegroom returned to their village alongwith
bride, and alongwith them, the brother-in-law of the bride accompanied as
per the custom. On the next day, at about 11’o clock in the morning, when
the said brother-in-law, namely, Ram Babu (PW-6) was going for rest after
taking meals, the accused persons, namely, Amerika Rai (A-1), Darbesh
Rai (A-2), Chulhan Rai (A-3), Mithilesh Rai (A-4), Sanjay Rai (A-5) and
Sipahi Rai (A-6) assaulted him with fists and slaps. When this was
objected to, a quarrel ensued. At that very time, Amerika Rai (A-1)
exhorted and as a result, Chulhan Rai (A-3) brought a licensed gun and
fired 6/7 rounds at Shankar Rai. He fell down injured. In the meantime,
Mithilesh Rai (A-4) fired 3/4 rounds from his gun causing injury to
Dineshwar Rai (PW-7) who was none else but the brother of Shankar Rai
(deceased). He suffered injuries to his hand, abdomen and thigh. At this
time, Sanjay Rai (A-5) and Sipahi Rai (A-6) also opened fire from their
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pistols. Darbesh Rai (A-2) was present with a lathi. Injured Shankar Rai
was removed to the State dispensary, Parsa, where he died during his
treatment. Dineshwar Rai (PW-7) was also treated. The incident, having
taken place in the broad day light, was witnessed by number of persons
including the villagers. Dineshwar Rai (PW-7) reported the matter on
26.6.1995 at 4.15 pm to the Officer-in-charge of Dariyapur Police Station.
This was done in the State dispensary. FIR was drawn up by Dariyapur
Police Station vide case No. 76/95 and the offences were registered under
Sections 302, 307, 324 read with Section 34 IPC and Section 27 of the
Arms Act. The chargesheet was filed and the matter was committed to
sessions. All the accused abjured their guilt.
3. In support of the prosecution, as many as 12 witnesses were
examined including the eye-witnesses, the police witnesses and the
doctors.
4. Some of the witnesses like Dineshwar Rai (PW-7) who was an
injured witness, Ram Babu (PW-6), Dhaneshwar Rai (PW-1), Sheo Nath
Rai (PW-2), Ramesh Rai (PW-3) and Ram Bhawan Rai (PW-4) supported
the prosecution version. However, some other witnesses like Wakil Rai,
Virendra Rai and Dina Pandit did not support the prosecution. Relying on
their evidence, the trial Court firstly came to the conclusion that the
accused persons formed themselves into an unlawful assembly and
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indiscriminately fired at Shankar Rai (deceased) and Dineshwar Rai (PW-
7) and caused murder of Shankar Rai and attempted to murder Dineshwar
Rai (PW-7). However, it is only Mithilesh Rai (A-4) who is booked for the
offence punishable under Section 307 IPC on the ground that he was the
only person who fired at Dineshwar Rai (PW-7) and injured him seriously.
The trial Court has also discussed the whole medical evidence as well as
the evidence of the eye-witnesses and convicted all the accused persons.
The appeals of the accused persons before the High Court failed and that
is how the matter is before us.
5. The learned counsel appearing on behalf of the accused persons
firstly urged that the role of Amerika Rai (A-1) and Darbesh Rai (A-2), as
attributed to them by the prosecution witness, itself suggests that these
two accused persons did not use any fire arms. The learned counsel
further urged that Amerika Rai (A-1) was merely standing and at the most,
it could be said that he exhorted for bringing the guns; however, even that
could not be said in respect of Darbesh Rai (A-2) who was merely standing
in the door with a lathi. The learned counsel were at pains to point out, by
reference to evidence, that Darbesh Rai (A-2) did not in any manner either
assault the deceased or take part in the whole affair. The learned counsel,
therefore, urged that at least insofar as Amerika Rai (A-1) and Darbesh Rai
(A-2) are concerned, they could not be said to be the members of the
unlawful assembly. The learned counsel appearing on behalf of Sanjay
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Rai (A-5) and Sipahi Rai (A-6) pointed out that though it was suggested
that these two accused persons fired with their pistols, those pistols are
nowhere to be found in the whole investigation, as nothing was recovered
from these two accused persons. The learned counsel, therefore, urged
that it will be difficult to say that these two persons either shared the
common intention or had the common object. It was pointed out that
Sanjay Rai (A-5) and Sipahi Rai (A-6) were not even related to Amerika
Rai (A-1) and his family or deceased Shankar Rai and his family.
6. There can be no dispute that Shankar Rai died a homicidal death.
As many as 5 eye-witnesses whose presence was most natural on the
spot, have supported the prosecution version regarding the deadly attack
on Shankar Rai, as also the firing at his brother Dineshwar Rai (PW-7).
The evidence of the two doctors being Dr. Shradha Nand (PW-8) and Dr.
Amarnath Jha (PW-10), who conducted the autopsy is sufficient to hold
that Shankar Rai died an almost instantaneous death because of
indiscriminate firing at him by Chulhan Rai (A-3). It has already been
stated earlier that appeal of Chulhan Rai (A-3) is already dismissed.
Deceased Shankar Rai had suffered as many as 8 injuries, all attributable
to the gun shot injuries, so also the injuries suffered by Dineshwar Rai
(PW-7) were found to be dangerous to his life, though he ultimately
survived. The question, however, is whether all the accused persons
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could be booked with the aid of Section 149 IPC on the ground that they
were the members of the unlawful assembly having the common object.
7. There can be no dispute that the presence of the accused persons
on the spot was well established by the five eye-witnesses named above.
All the five eye-witnesses who supported the prosecution have in one
voice deposed to the presence of all these accused persons and the acts
performed by them. Dineshwar Rai (PW-7), Dhaneshwar Rai (PW-1),
Ram Bhawan Rai (PW-4), Ram Babu (PW-6), Sheo Nath Rai (PW-2) and
Ramesh Rai (PW-3) are unanimous on the question that Amerika Rai (A-1)
had ordered to bring the guns. As many as 4 witnesses being Dineshwar
Rai (PW-7), Dhaneshwar Rai (PW-1), Ram Bhawan Rai (PW-4) and Ram
Babu (PW-6) spoke about Darbesh Rai (A-2) standing holding a stick. All
these 4 witnesses also suggested that he was instigating. Insofar as
Mithilesh Rai (A-4) is concerned, all the witnesses are unanimous that he
fired 3-4 rounds with his gun and caused injury to Dineshwar Rai (PW-7),
so also all the witnesses are absolutely unanimous in respect of Sanjay
Rai (A-5) and Sipahi Rai (A-6) to the effect that they were firing with the
pistols in their hand. Sheo Nath Rai (PW-2) and Ramesh Rai (PW-3) also
went to the extent of saying that these two accused persons fired 2-3
rounds of shots though no injury was caused by those gun shots.
Therefore, there can be no doubt that all these accused persons, who
were staying in the nearby house of the deceased, had attacked the
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deceased and his brother Dineshwar Rai (PW-7). There was a definite
background to this attack which related to the altercation in between the
bride’s party and bridegroom’s party at the time of marriage and accused
Sanjay Rai having been beaten. It has come in the evidence of the
witnesses like Dineshwar Rai (PW-7) and Ram Babu (PW-7) that there
was an unpleasant incident of altercation in between the bride’s party and
bridegroom’s party at the time of Dwarpuja. It has also come in the
evidence that Sanjay Rai (A-5), when he was returning back from
bridegroom’s place on cycle, was beaten. Therefore, it appears that the
accused persons had carried a grudge and seeing Ram Babu (PW-6), the
brother-in-law of Shankar Rai’s bride, there was an instantaneous reaction
on their part. It has come in the evidence that Ram Babu (PW-6) was
slapped and fisted when he had finished his meals and was going for rest.
The presence of Ram Babu (PW-6) acted as a flash point; perhaps it
reminded the accused persons and more particularly, Sanjay Rai (A-5), of
the insult meted out to them and then the idea of taking revenge emerged.
What happened is that deceased Shankar Rai seeing that his wife’s
relation was being slapped and fisted by the accused persons, had
resisted the attempt on the part of the accused persons and that ultimately
proved to be a raison d’etre of his death. Therefore, there is no doubt in
our mind that this was undoubtedly done with a common object of teaching
lesson to deceased Shankar Rai who had taken – as was expected- side
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of Ram Babu (PW-6), the brother-in-law of his bride. What is liable to be
seen is as to whether there was any active participation and the presence
of all the accused persons was with an active mind in furtherance of their
common object. The law of vicarious liability under Section 149 IPC is
crystal clear that even the presence in the unlawful assembly, but with an
active mind, to achieve the common object makes such a person
vicariously liable for the acts of the unlawful assembly. In that light, when
the evidence is examined, it is obvious that Amerika Rai (A-1) who was the
elder in the family and father of Darbesh Rai (A-2), Mithilesh Rai (A-4) and
Chulhan Rai (A-3), instead of acting in a responsible manner and
preventing any unpleasant incident, exhorted the accused persons to bring
the gun. The guns are normally not brought for making a show. The
exhortation to bring the gun definitely speaks about the guilty mind of
Amerika Rai (A-1), so also the use of guns by Mithilesh Rai (A-4), Sanjay
Rai (A-5) and Sipahi Rai (A-6) is very clear that they also had guilty mind.
Mithilesh Rai (A-4) went to the extent of injuring Dineshwar Rai (PW-7).
Therefore, even their presence and part played by them was obviously
pointing towards the common object of committing murder of Shankar Rai.
Unfortunately, Shankar Rai became the victim of the circumstances. The
accused persons had nothing to do with Shankar Rai. Their main ire was
directed at Ram Babu (PW-6). But, perhaps because Shankar Rai took
side of Ram Babu (PW-6), he became the victim of circumstances and had
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to pay with his own life. Therefore, at least insofar as these persons are
concerned, their presence and their active participation would make them
guilty under Section 149 IPC, though the author of the injury to Shankar
Rai was Chulhan Rai (A-3) whose appeal has already been dismissed.
8. However, that canot be said about Darbesh Rai (A-2). He had been
given the role of standing in the door of his house with a lathi. We feel that
the evidence of the eye-witnesses that he was instigating the other
accused persons to fire, appears to be an exaggeration. He would not
have kept on standing there holding a lathi had he shared the intention and
the common object of committing murder of Shankar Rai. In our opinion,
the role of Darbesh Rai (A-2), as attributed to by the eye-witnesses, should
not make him vicariously liable. We, therefore, grant benefit of doubt to
Darbesh Rai (A-2) and acquit him.
9. It was tried to be suggested, relying on the defence witnesses,
namely, Ajit Kumar Singh (DW-1) and Ram Dhani Chaudhary (DW-2), that
Chulhan Rai (A-3) did not have any gun, as his gun was deposited in
Singh Gun House. This argument is already rejected by trial and appellate
Courts and we also endorse the finding. Insofar as Ram Dhani Chaudhary
(DW-2) is concerned, he stated that there was a distance of 250 feet in
between the house of Chulhan Rai (A-3) and deceased Shankar Rai and
there was a pond in between their houses. He also found brick bats in
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front of the house of the deceased and Chulhan Rai (A-3). Thereby it was
suggested that there was exchange of brick bats between the parties.
That may be so. However, there is evidence that when Ram Babu (PW-6)
was going for rest after the meals, he was actually fisted and slapped by
Amerika Rai (A-1), Darbesh Rai (A-2), Chulhan Rai (A-3), Mithilesh Rai (A-
4), Sanjay Rai (A-5) and Sipahi Rai (A-6). When this was informed to
Shankar Rai, Shankar Rai came and made enquiry from Chulhan Rai (A-3)
and then when there was exchange of abuses, the brick batting started
between the parties. The evidence of Ram Dhani Chaudhary (DW-2),
S.D.P.O., does not in any manner shake the prosecution case. It was not
as if the defence came up with a plea of right of private defence of person
and property and indeed they could not have done so as they were the
aggressor party using guns. We have considered the defence evidence
also at the instance of both the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the
defence and we do not find that this evidence would in any manner help
the prosecution.
10. In short, there can be no dispute about the formation of unlawful
assembly and its common object. We, therefore, dismiss all the appeals
excepting that of Darbesh Rai (A-2) who has been granted the benefit of
doubt. He shall be acquitted. All the accused persons are, therefore, held
guilty and their appeals are dismissed excepting that of Darbesh Rai (A-2)
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whose appeal is accepted and who is directed to be released forthwith
unless required in any other matter. His bail bonds are discharged. It is
reported that accused No.1, Amerika Rai is on bail. He shall be taken into
custody immediately for serving out rest of the sentence. His bail bonds
are cancelled.
………………………………..J.
(V.S. Sirpurkar)
………………………………..J.
(Anil R. Dave)
New Delhi;
February 23, 2011.