High Court Punjab-Haryana High Court

Anil Kumar Uppal vs Punjab State Electricity Board … on 2 March, 2009

Punjab-Haryana High Court
Anil Kumar Uppal vs Punjab State Electricity Board … on 2 March, 2009
     IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB AND HARYANA AT

                          CHANDIGARH

                      C.W.P. No. 7660 of 2004

               DATE OF DECISION: March 2, 2009

Anil Kumar Uppal

                                                         ...Petitioner

                               Versus

Punjab State Electricity Board and others

                                                      ...Respondents

CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE M.M. KUMAR

            HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE JORA SINGH

Present:    Mr. Sanjay Majithia, Senior Advocate, with
            Mr. Shailender Sharma, Advocate,
            for the petitioner.

            Mr. D.S. Chanan, Advocate,
            for respondent Nos. 1 to 3.

            Mr. Ramesh Goyal, Advocate,
            for respondent No. 4.

1.    Whether Reporters of local papers may be             YES
      allowed to see the judgment?
2.    To be referred to the Reporters or not?              YES
3.    Whether the judgment should be reported in           YES
      the Digest?


M.M. KUMAR, J.

This petition filed under Article 226 of the Constitution

prays for setting aside the appointment of Shri Surinder Singh-

respondent No. 4 as Accounts Officer under ‘OBC Category’ in the

respondent-Punjab State Electricity Board (for brevity, ‘the Board’)

being violative of Article 16(4) and Article 14 of the Constitution as
C.W.P. No. 7660 of 2004 2

well as Government instructions/circulars issued by the Government

of India as adopted by the Punjab Government and applicable to

various Public Sector Undertakings including the Board. A further

direction has been sought for directing the Board to fill up the post of

Accounts Officer (Direct Recruit) from OBC Category in consonance

with the notifications/instructions applicable to the Board and to

consider the petitioner for appointment as Accounts Officer in OBC

category. Still further a direction has been sought to the Department

of Welfare, Reservation Cell, Government of Punjab-respondent No.

3 to impress upon the Board to comply with the reservation

instructions in letter and spirit.

2. Brief facts of the case are that the petitioner has been

working as Apprentice Revenue Accountant with the Board since

8.2.2000 and drawing total emoluments of Rs. 4,500/-per month. He

belongs to ‘Thathera’ caste, which is recognised as a Backward class

as per entry at Sr. No. 47 in Chapter XI of the Manual of Reservations

for SC & BC categories, issued by the Reservation Cell of the

Department of Welfare Punjab.

3. Shri Surinder Singh-respondent No. 4 joined the services

of the Board in the year 1999 as an Internal Auditor in the pay scale

of Rs. 6300-10700. He belongs to ‘Kumhar’ caste, which is also

recognised as a Backward class in the Manual of Reservations for SC

& BC categories, issued by the Reservation Cell of the Department of

Welfare Punjab. It has been claimed by the petitioner that for more
C.W.P. No. 7660 of 2004 3

than three successive years, respondent No. 4 is drawing the pay scale

which exceeds Rs. 1,00,000/- per annum.

4. On 16.7.2002 (P-1 & P-2), an advertisement, bearing No.

233/2002, was issued by the Board for filling up 21 posts of Accounts

Officer under direct recruit quota from amongst the employees of the

Board, who were having requisite qualifications and experience. For

the post of Account Officer the candidates were required to have

passed Chartered Accounts Exam or Works Accountant Examination

with three years’ experience in Supervisory capacity in

Government/Public Undertaking etc. The candidates were required to

qualify the initial recruitment test of competitive nature with

minimum 50% marks and candidates of reserved category were

required to secure minimum 40% marks. Apart from various general

conditions laid down in clause 4, there was reservation provided by

clause 3 which reads as under:-

“3. RESERVATION OF POSTS

The recruitment of reserve categories is for Punjab

residents only. The reservation of posts shall be as per

Reservation Policy of the State Govt./as adopted by

PSEB from time to time.”

5. On 3.2.2003 (P-3 & P-4) another advertisement, bearing

No. 241/2003, was issued by the Board inviting application for

additional 12 posts of Accounts Officer under direct recruit quota.

Those who had applied in pursuance to earlier advertisement were not

required to apply again. In this advertisement the criteria of
C.W.P. No. 7660 of 2004 4

qualification was amended by deleting work experience and minimum

eligibility of age for entry into service. The age was reduced from 25

to 20.

6. The petitioner also applied in pursuance to the

advertisement but he was not issued roll number to take the written

test despite his representations dated 7.7.2003, 18.7.2003 and

23.7.2003, which were ultimately rejected vide order dated 28.7.2003

(P-5). The petitioner then filed CWP No. 11699 of 2003 in this Court

seeking a direction to the respondents to issue roll number, permit

him to appear in the examination for the post of Accounts Officer and

select him as per merit. This Court permitted the petitioner to take

the written examination held on 2.8.2003, vide interim order dated

1.8.2003. It was further ordered that the result be kept in a sealed

cover. On 1.9.2003, the Division Bench perused the result of the

written examination and found that the petitioner, who had appeared

as Backward Class candidate, has secured 146 marks whereas Shri

Surinder Singh-respondent No. 4, also a Backward Class candidate,

has secured 164 marks. The Division Bench, thus, observed that Shri

Surinder Singh was to be appointed against the solitary Backward

Class post and dismissed the writ petition (P-6).

7. On 1.9.2003 itself the petitioner made a representation to

respondent No. 2 for supplying categorywise details of 12 posts as

well as merit list of serving revenue employees who had taken the

examination for appointment as Accounts Officer. The petitioner also

sought information whether there is any reserve post lying vacant and
C.W.P. No. 7660 of 2004 5

if so he may be appointed against the same being first in the waiting

list in the backward class category (P-7). On 10.11.2003, respondent

No. 2 called upon the petitioner to appear for interview on 4.12.2003

at PSEB, Headquarter, Patiala (P-8). Along with the call letter a

proforma of the form of certificate to be produced by a candidate

belonging to backward class in support of his claim in terms of

column No. 3 of the Schedule to Punjab Government, Department of

Welfare’s letter No. 1/41/93-RCI/459, dated 17.1.1994, was attached

(P-8/A). In Column 6 of the said letter dated 17.1.1994 it has been

stipulated as under:-

“VI. INCOME/WEALTH TEST

Son(s) and daughter(s) of

(a) Persons having gross annual income of Rs. 1 lakh

or above or possessing wealth above the exemption limit

as prescribed in the wealth Tax Act for a period of three

consecutive years.

(b) Persons in Categories I, II, III and V A who are

not disentitled to the benefit of reservation but have

income from other sources of wealth which will bring

them within the income/wealth criteria mentioned in (a)

above.

EXPLANATION:

(i) Income from salaries or agricultural land shall not

be clubbed;

C.W.P. No. 7660 of 2004 6

(ii) The income criteria in terms of rupee will be

modified taking into account the change in its value,

every three years. If the situation, however so demands,

the interrugau (?) may be less.

EXPLANATION: Whenever the expression “permanent

incapacitation” occur in this schedule, it shall mean

incapacitation which results in putting an officer out of

service.”

8. In response to the clarification sought by respondent No.

3 regarding reservation of OBCs in civil posts and services under the

Government, the Ministry of Personnel and Training, Government of

India, vide their communication dated 21.11.2002 (P-9) intimated that

‘determination of creamy layer for an OBC candidate is done with

reference to the income of parents as per instructions contained in

DOPT’s O.M. No. 36012/22/93-Estt (Res) dated 8.9.93’.

9. On 24.12.2003, the petitioner again made a detailed

representation to the Board. Besides other things it was stated that

Shri Surinder Singh-respondent No. 4 has obtained the OBC

Certificate for availing the benefit of reservation in the backward

class category from the competent authority not on the basis of his

and their family income but on the basis of parental income. It has

been claimed that the interviews which were scheduled for 4.12.2003

were postponed and on 24.12.2003 only Shri Surinder Singh-

respondent No. 4 was called for interview (P-10). On 26.12.2003, the

petitioner made another representation (P-11).

C.W.P. No. 7660 of 2004 7

10. On 2.3.2004, the petitioner made yet another

representation to the Board asserting therein that Shri Surinder Singh-

respondent No. 4 was interviewed on 4.2.2004 and upon his selection

also gave acceptance on 1.3.2004 (P-12). The petitioner has also

claimed that Shri Surinder Singh-respondent No. 4 joined as Direct

Recruit Accounts Officer in the 1st/2nd week of March, 2004. Despite

efforts, the petitioner could not lay his hands on the appointment

letter of respondent No. 4. Accordingly, he filed the instant petition.

11. In the written statement filed on behalf of the Board the

stand taken is that the instant petition is not maintainable because the

earlier writ petition, namely, CWP No. 11699 of 2003, filed by the

petitioner has been dismissed by this Court and respondent No. 4 has

been appointed being higher in merit, as per the orders passed by this

Court (P-6). The locus standi of the petitioner has also been

questioned by asserting that he cannot challenge the selection and

appointment of respondent No. 4 because the annual income of the

petitioner is above Rs. 1,00,000/- and he could not avail the benefit of

reservation in the category of backward class. In para 3 of the

preliminary objections, it has been highlighted that the income to be

reckoned for consideration for exclusion as ‘creamy layer’ is that of

the parents and not of the candidate as per instructions of the

Government of Punjab issued vide Memo. No. 1/41/93-R61/1459,

dated 17.1.1994 (R-1) and as per clarification issued by the

Government of India, Ministry of Personnel and Training, dated

21.11.2002 (P-9). On merits, while admitting the factual position it
C.W.P. No. 7660 of 2004 8

has been denied that the income for grant of backward class

certificate is the income of parents of the candidate as per rule

reproduced in para 10 of the writ petition. It has been pointed out

that the petitioner was called for interview provisionally and since his

certificate of backward class was more than 4 years old, he was

asked to furnish latest certificate, which he failed to produce.

Therefore, he could not be called for interview for want of latest

certificate of his belonging to backward class eligible category.

12. In the written statement filed by respondent No. 4, it has

been asserted that no liberty was granted to the petitioner by this

Court while dismissing CWP No. 11699 of 2003 vide order dated

1.9.2003, thus, the instant petition is not maintainable. It has been

contended that the competent authority after considering the

instructions issued by the State of Punjab from time to time has issued

certificate of Backward Class in his favour because he belongs to

‘Ghumiar’ caste, which has been declared as a backward class. It has

further been submitted that the concerned authority of the Board after

considering his merit selected him for the post of Accounts Officer

and there is no illegality or infirmity in his selection and appointment

under backward category. Respondent No. 4 has asserted that even

otherwise he is fully eligible and qualified for appointment to the post

of Accounts Officer. It has also been mentioned that for determining

the ‘creamy layer’ for an OBC candidate the income of the parents is

to be taken into consideration and the income of his parents does not

come within the purview of ‘creamy layer’. In the writ petition there
C.W.P. No. 7660 of 2004 9

is no challenge in the writ petition to the instructions issued by the

Government of India.

13. In the replication filed by the petitioner to the written

statement of respondent Nos. 1 to 3 and respondent No. 4, again it has

been emphasised that for the purposes of determination of income for

taking the benefit of backward class, annual income of respondent

No. 4 has to be taken into consideration instead of annual income of

his parents. It has also been highlighted that after having been

appointed as an Internal Auditor in the Board in the year 1999 in the

pay scale of Rs. 6300-10750, respondent No. 4, being a qualified

Chartered Accountant, was also practicing independently since

1.4.1998 in individual capacity and under the firm M/s Surinder

Sangar and Associates from 14.12.1998 with a licence No. 015849.

The petitioner has also placed on record a letter dated 13.7.2004

written by the Deputy Secretary of the Institute of Chartered

Accountants of India, New Delhi (P-16). It has again been reiterated

that respondent No. 4 does not fall within the category of backward

class for the reasons that his income is more than Rs. 1,00,000/- per

annum.

14. Mr. Sanjay Majithia, learned Senior Counsel appearing

for the petitioner has vehemently argued that basic object of

excluding the persons belonging to ‘Creamy layer’ from the social and

educational backward class category is to ensure that the benefits of

reservation percolate to those who are really backward like the

petitioner. It would open better chances of coming into public
C.W.P. No. 7660 of 2004 10

services by restricting the entry of relatively affluent. Learned counsel

has pointed out that the ‘Means Test’ enshrined by the Supreme Court

in various judgments, has culminated in the Constitution Bench

judgment of Hon’ble the Supreme Court rendered in the case of

Ashoka Kumar Thakur v. Union of Inida, (2008) 6 SCC 1.

Learned counsel has maintained that the official memorandum dated

January 17, 1994, as also the supplementary instructions dated

21.11.2002 (Annexure P-9) must be read down to mean that “a

candidate who has already attained the capacity to earn beyond the

limits imposed by the official memorandum would merge in the

Creamy Layer”. He has urged that if the instructions are not

interpreted in accordance with the object of excluding Creamy Layer

from the reserved category then the very object would be defeated.

Referring to the Schedule attached to the official memorandum dated

17.01.1994, learned counsel has submitted that once a person himself

is a Class-I officer, then to rely on the income of his parents for

availing benefit of reservation would be wholly contrary to the

concept of Creamy Layer laid down by the Supreme Court in the

cases of Indra Sawhney v. Union of India, (1992) Supply. (3) SCC

210. He has referred to various paragraphs of the judgment in Ashoka

Kumar Thakur’s case (supra) and argued that by no stretch of

imagination, respondent No.4 is entitled to the benefit of reservation

as he belongs to Creamy Layer and looses benefit of belonging to

backward class.

C.W.P. No. 7660 of 2004 11

15. Mr. Ramesh Goyal and Mr. D. S. Chanan, learned

counsel for the respondents, however, have argued that the instant

petition is not maintainable as the same is barred by the principles of

res judicata because in the earlier petition namely C.W.P No. 11699

of 2003, the petitioner had agitated the matter and vide order dated

01.09.2003, the Division Bench of this Court has decided against the

petitioner. The Division Bench has ordered after perusing the result

that respondent No. 4 is more meritorious in the reserved category of

Backward Class and, therefore, deserves to be appointed. The

petitioner did not obtain any permission for filing of the fresh petition

and in fact had accepted that respondent No.4 belongs to backward

class category.

16. On merits, learned counsel for the respondents have

argued that on the plain language used by the official memorandum

dated 17.01.1994, as amended on 21.11.2002 (P-9), it is the income

of the parents which is the determining factor for deciding as to

whether a person belongs to Creamy Layer or not? They have

maintained that once respondent No. 4 has given a Certificate as per

the official memorandum that the income of his parents is less than

Rs. One lac per annum, then he has to be granted benefit of official

memorandum providing reservation in favour of the socially and

educationally backward classes. In that regard, learned counsel has

made pointed reference to Clause VI titled as ‘Income/Wealth Test of

the Schedule’, appended to official memorandum dated 17.01.1994.

17. After hearing learned counsel for the parties, perusing

the pleadings with their able assistance along with various provisions
C.W.P. No. 7660 of 2004 12

and judgments cited by them, the question which needs determination

in the instant case is:-

“Whether income of the parents would continue to be the

basis of determining the status of a candidate being

socially and educationally backward despite the fact that

such a person has already attained affluence to be

covered by the expression ‘Creamy Layer’ within the

meaning of official memorandum dated 17.01.1994, as

amended on 21.11.2002 ?”

It would be appropriate to extract in extensor the relevant parts of the

memorandum dated 17.01.1994, which reads, thus:-

“Subject: Socio Economic Criteria for identification

of socially Advanced Persons (Creamy

Layor) from the Other Backward Classes in

the State of Punjab for their exclusion from

the benefit of reservation meant for those

classes in the State Services/Posts- revision

thereof.

Sir,

I am directed to invite a reference to Punjab

Government Letter No.8/113/38-SWA (4) 9119, dated

the 28th November, 1990 vide which it was provided that

the members of Backward Classes that is the Castes

notified as bakcward by the State Government from time

to time, whose income exceeds Rs.10,000/- per annum
C.W.P. No. 7660 of 2004 13

shall not be entitled to the benefit of reservation meant

for them in the State Services. The State Government has

given a fresh look to the matter. It has been decided to

replace the above mentioned socio-economic cirterion

with the criteria adopted by the Government of India that

is now only those persons/sections belonging to the

constum notified by the Punjab Government as backward

from time to time, who are socially advanced (Creamy

Layer) as enumerated in column 3 of the Schedule to this

letter shall be excluded from the benefit of reservation

meant for those classes in the services/posts of the State

Government. Henceforth the persons/sections falling in

column No.3 of the Schedule to this letter shall not be

entitled to any such benefit and reservation shall not

apply to them.

2. ……

3. ……

4. ……

5. Similar instructions in respect of Public Sector

Undertaking and Financial Instructions including Public

Sector Banks will be issued by the Government in

respective Departments from the date of issue of these

orders.

6. The authorities which were earlier competent to

issue the Backward Class Certificate shall now certify

that the candidate does not belong to creamy layer of
C.W.P. No. 7660 of 2004 14

other backward classes on and that he/she is eligible to

be considered for posts reserved for other backward

classes, Revised proforma of the certificate to be issued

to the candidates belonging in Backward Classes is

enclosed as Annexure ‘A’. Before issuing a certificate in

favour of a Backward Class Candidate for eligibility for

reservation of jobs under Backward Classes quota, the

concerned authority shall satisfy himself/herself about

the genuineness of his claim after obtaining application

from him in the prescribed form as Anenxure ‘B’.”

18. A perusal of the aforesaid memorandum would show that

the criteria of identifying the socially and educationally backward

classes would be the socio-economic criteria. It was initially provided

in the memorandum dated 28.11.1990 that the members of backward

classes, as notified by the State Government from time to time, whose

income exceeds Rs.10,000/- per annum were not to be entitled to the

benefit of reservation made for them in the street services. However,

by the memorandum, the amount of Rs.10,000/- was replaced by a

sum of Rs.One lac. Accordingly the competent authorities who used

to issue the Backward Class Certificate were required to certify that

the candidate did not belong to the Creamy Layer of either backward

classes, before issuing a certificate in favour of a backward class

candidate for eligibility for reservation.

19. In the Schedule, various constitutional posts, services,

including armed forces/paramilitary forces/professional class and

candidate engaged in trade and industry, property owners and
C.W.P. No. 7660 of 2004 15

income/wealth test have been laid down. Entry-IV deal with the

professional class and also refers us to the Income/Wealth Test. Both

the entries deserve to be read, which are as under:

“II. SERVICE
CATEGORY
A. Group A/Class I Son(s) and daughter(s) of
officers of the All
India, Central and (a) parents, both of
State Services (Direct whom are Class I
Recruits) Officer;

                                           (b)    A lady belonging to
                                                  OBC category has
                                                  got married to a
                                                  Class-I officer, and
                                                  may herself like to
                                                  apply for a job.
              IV.    PROFESSIONAL
                     CLASS     AND
                     THOSE
                     ENGAGED     IN
                     TRADE     AND
                     INDUSTRY
              (1)    Persons engaged in Criteria specified against
                     profession      as    a Category VI will apply;
                     doctor,         lawyer,
                     Chartered
                     Accountant, Income-
                     Tax        Consultant,
                     Financial            or
                     management
                     consultant, Surgeon,
                     engineer      architect,
                     computer specialist
                     film artists and other
                     film     professionals,
                     author, playwright,
                     sports person, sports
                     professional, media
                     professional or any
                     other vocations of
                     like status.
              VI.    INCOME/               Son(s) and dauther(s) of
                     WEALTH TEST
 C.W.P. No. 7660 of 2004                           16




                          (a)    persons       having
                                 gross annual income
                                 of Rs.1 lakh or
                                 above or possessing
                                 wealth above the
                                 exemption limit as
                                 prescribed in the
                                 Wealth Tax Act for
                                 a period of three
                                 consecutive years.
                          (b)    Persons            in
                                 Categories I, II, III
                                 and V who are not
                                 disentitled to the
                                 benefit            of
                                 reservation but have
                                 income from other
                                 sources of wealth
                                 which will bring
                                 them within the
                                 Income/       Wealth
                                 criteria mentioned in
                                 (a) above.
                          EXPLANATION:
                          (i)    Income           from
                                 salaries            or
                                 agricultural      land
                                 shall not be clubbed;
                          (ii)   The income criteria
                                 in terms of rupee
                                 will be modified
                                 taking into account
                                 the change in its
                                 value, every three
                                 years,     if   the
                                 situation, however,
                                 so demands, the
                                 incurring may be
                                 less.
                          Explanation:       Whenever
                          the expression "permanent
                          incapacitation" occur in
                          this schedule, it shall mean
                          incapacitation which result
                          s in putting an officer out
                          of service."
 C.W.P. No. 7660 of 2004                                            17



20. A perusal of the entries concerning the service category

would show that Rule of Exclusion from reservation would apply if

both the parents are a Class-I Officer. In other words, sons and

daughters of such parents would not be entitled to claim reservation

under the backward class category. However, this Rule of Exclusion

is not to apply in case the parents of such person have died. It is also

not applicable when a lady after marriage to Class-I officer wishes to

apply for a job. In other words, an orphan who had his/her parents in

service who were working on Class-I post, would be entitled to

reservation. Likewise, a lady who is married to a Class-I officer,

would also be entitled to the benefit of reservation. The Schedule

further guide us that professionals like Chartered Accountants etc.

would be subjected to the criteria of income provided by Clause (VI).

In Clause (VI), the guidance available is that sons and daughters of

those persons who have gross annual income of Rs.One lac or above

or possessing wealth above the exempted limit prescribed in the

Wealth Test can for a period of three consecutive years would be hit

by the Rule of Exclusion.

21. The question in the present case is that when the parents

have gross income of Rs. One lac or more then the exclusion

principle would apply and whether the exclusion principle would not

apply if the sons and daughters themselves are earning Rs. One lac or

more as gross income for the three consecutive years. The answer to

the aforesaid question has to be in affirmative because if the

exclusion principle to such an affluent person is not applied, then the

basic object of providing reservation for backward classes would be
C.W.P. No. 7660 of 2004 18

defeated and the benefits accruing from reservation would be taken

away by those who are affluent and belong to ‘creamy layer’ because

the income of the parents has to be clubbed with that of the children if

they claim to be one unit.

22. The concept of ‘creamy layer’ has been evolved by

Hon’ble the Supreme Court in various judgments. In the case of K.C.

Vasanth Kumar v. State of Karnataka, (1985) Supply. SCC 714, it

was held that the root cause of social and educational backwardness

lies in economic backwardness and therefore, economic criterion

should be applied to identify social and educational backwardness for

the purpose of compensatory discrimination or affirmative action.

Although, the Supreme Court had observed that economic criterion is

worth applying for reservation to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled

Tribes but the aforesaid view has not met with an approval of the

Supreme Court in its later pronouncement. Accordingly, directions

were issued re-determining the question of backwardness of the

various Castes/Tribes and for the purposes of Articles 15 (4) and 16

(4) in the light of the latest figures which were to be collected on

various relevant factors in order to refix the extent of reservation for

backward classes. It is significant to notice that the reservation based

on occupation-cum-income can in any event be availed of by

members of backward communities and castes.

23. In Ashoka Kumar Thakur’s case (supra) one of the

fundamental issues raised before the Five Judge Constitution Bench

is “Whether Creamy Layer is to be excluded from the category of

socially and educationally backward classes” and considerable time
C.W.P. No. 7660 of 2004 19

has been devoted to determine the aforesaid issue. The Supreme

Court has noticed 9-Judge Bench decision rendered earlier in Indra

Sawhney’s case (supra) and after critically examining the

constitutional desirability of exclusion of ‘Creamy Layer’ has issued

direction to the government that there was no way out but to accept

the principles of exclusion of the Creamy Layer from the category of

backward class for the purposes of configuring the constitutional

benefit of reservation. All these questions and related issues have

been critically examined by Professor Dr. Virendra Kumar in his

learned Article titled as “Dynamics of Reservation Policy”, Vol. 50

Journal of Indian Law Institute (2008) Oct-Dec p.478. The Supreme

Court in Ashoka Kumar Thakur’s case (supra) has laid down that

exclusion of Creamy Layer is imperative for upholding the paramount

principles of equality and that it is basic structure of the Constitution.

Therefore, non-exclusion of ‘creamy layer’ violates the principle of

equality in two principal ways. If one continues to confer reservation

benefits on ‘creamy layers’, on the one hand that would amount to

‘treating equals unequally’ vis-a-vis persons belong to ‘forward’ or

‘advanced’ class; on the other hand, to rank them with the rest of

backward classes would amount to ‘treating ‘un-equals equally’. Thus,

non-exclusion of ‘creamy layer’ leads to “perverting” the very

objective of special constitutional provisions. It discourages the

beneficiaries to stand at their own feet and compete with the forward

classes as equal citizens. Non-exclusion would also keep the

backward class ‘in-perpetual backwardness’ as if by saying: ‘Once a
C.W.P. No. 7660 of 2004 20

backward class is always a backward class’. The resultant impact of

non-exclusion has been put forward as an aphorism by Bhandari, J:

“Creamy layer inclusion robs the poor and gives to the rich.

Realizing the constitutional imperative of ‘creamy layer exclusion’ for

upholding the paramount principle of equality, the Supreme Court

sealed the possibility of inclusion of creamy layer even in future by

resorting to the amendment of the Constitution. Such an amendment

will be “totally illegal” and violate “the basic structure of the

Constitution”. Inclusion of creamy layer, therefore, “cannot be

allowed to be perpetuated even by constitutional amendments.

24. It is in the aforementioned context that the application of

official memorandum dated 17.01.1994, as amended on 21.11.2002,

deserves to be considered. It can hardly be argued that if a candidate

himself is covered by ‘Means Test’ laid down by the official

memorandum then it would continue to be socially and economically

backward on the basis of income criteria applied to the income of his

parents. Even otherwise, on the interpretation of the official

memorandum it becomes evident that no such benefit is intended to

be conferred on a candidate who himself is in the domain of ‘Creamy

Layer’. In Category No. II-Service Category, exceptions have been

carved out where the Rule of Exclusion is not applicable to some of

the cases. One exception carved out provides that a lady belonging to

other backward class category if gets married to a Class-I officer, then

she would not loose the status of backward class if she herself wishes

to apply. In other words, the Class-I status of her husband in

contradistinction to her parents has become a determining factor. Her
C.W.P. No. 7660 of 2004 21

husband being Class-I would certainly loose the benefit of being

‘socially and educationally backward’. It would be absurd to hold that

if an officer himself holds a Class-I status subject to the fulfilling of

income criteria of Rs.One lac or more then he would be entitled to the

benefit of reservation. Therefore, we are of the view that respondent

No.4 is not entitled to the benefit of reservation because his gross

income is more than Rs. One lac.

25. The question then is “Whether the petitioner would be

entitled to the grant of benefit of reservation?” On facts it is not clear

whether the income of petitioner on the relevant date is less than

Rs.One lac. If he answers the income criteria and is not hit by the

Rule of Exclusion, then he deserves to be considered as per law.

26. The argument of learned counsel for the respondents that

the writ petition is not maintainable and is hit by the principles of res

judicata have failed to impress us because the question raised in the

earlier writ petition was the eligibility of taking examination and not

whether respondent No.4 is hit by the criteria of Creamy Layer. We

have, therefore, no hesitation in rejecting the aforesaid argument.

27. For the reasons aforementioned, this petition succeeds.

The appointment of respondent No. 4 is hereby quashed.

Respondents No.1 and 2 are directed to consider the case of the

petitioner and if he answers the economic criteria of backward class

candidate on the relevant date as laid down in the official

memorandum dated 17.01.1994 as amended on 21.11.2002, then to

appoint him on the post of Accounts Officer in accordance with law.
C.W.P. No. 7660 of 2004 22

The needful shall be done within a period of two months from the

date of receipt of copy of this order.




                                         (M.M. KUMAR)
                                            JUDGE




                                         (JORA SINGH)
March 2, 2009                               JUDGE
Shalini/Pkapoor