JUDGMENT
Imtiyaz Murtaza, J.
1. The present appeal has been filed by Bhashendra son of Munshi Lal resident of village Baroli-Fateh Khan Police Station Madrak, Aligarh against the judgment and order dated 10.10.2003 passed by Special Judge/Addl. Sessions Judge, Aligarh in S.T. No. 34 of 2001 whereby the appellant has been convicted under Section 302 I.P.C. and sentenced to death.
2. The brief facts of the case, mentioned in the F.I.R. lodged by Chandra Bhan, are that he married his sister Meera Devi about six years back to Bhashendra. His sister had a son Shiv Shankar aged about 5 years. He was occasionally ill and on the ground of his illness Bhashendra, his mother, father Munshi Lal and sister-in-law Manjoo, used to demand money and they use to assault her also and she was also turned out from the house on the ground for bringing Rs. 20,000/- otherwise they would not keep her. It is further stated that they had given a plot of Rs. 20,000/- and Rs. 5000/- cash. But despite this there was a demand of Rs. 20,000/-. It is stated that when they showed their helplessness in fulfilling the demand she was taken in the forest of Kheriya on the pretext for taking her to Gangaji. Bhashendra had sprinkled Kerosene oil and Diesel and set her on fire. She was admitted in the district hospital Malkhan Singh and her statement was also recorded in which she stated that her husband Bhashendra after sprinkling kerosene oil set her on fire. The report was registered at the police station Madrak on 10.5.2000 at 1.15 P.M. After the registration of the case initially it was investigated by S.I. Shyam Singh and after the death of Meera Devi the case was converted under Section 304B I.P.C. Thereafter the case was investigated by Sri Ajai Kumar Singh, C.O. Iglas and during investigation when the case was converted under Section 302 I.P.C. the investigation was handed over to Gulzar Ahmad, S.O. Madrak. He submitted charge sheet (Ext. Ka-7) only against the appellant and other persons were not charge sheeted. After the submission of the charge sheet case was committed to the Court of Sessions.
3. The prosecution in order to prove its case examined 10 witnesses in all. P.W. 1 Chandra Bhan is informant of the case. P.W. 2 Hira Lal is father of deceased, Smt. Meera Devi. P.W. 3 Dr. Ram Prakash Sharma conducted the post mortem examination. P.W. 4 V.K. Sharma is Pharmacist. P.W. 5 Dr. A.K. Jain medically examined Smt. Meera Devi. P.W. 6 is Constable Geetam Singh. P.W.7 is S.O. Gulzar Ahmad. P.W. 8 is Dr. Arjun Singh. P.W. 9 Dhirendra Singh Addl. City Magistrate recorded the dying declaration of the deceased. P.W. 10 is constable Vijai Pal Singh.
4. During trial Munshi Lal, Pushpa Devi and Manjoo were also summoned under Section 319 Cr.P.C. The Sessions Judge after considering the facts and circumstances of the case acquitted Munshi Lal, Pushpa Devi and Manjoo and relying upon the prosecution evidence convicted and sentenced the appellant as aforesaid.
5. P.W.1 Chandra Bhan supported the version of F.I.R. He stated that the family members of appellant used to demand Rs. 20,000/- and even some times they turned her out from the house for bringing the demanded money. The marriage had taken place about 6 years back. He stated that son of her sister Shiv Shankar was ill and was advised for an operation and there was demand of money by the family members of appellant to meet the expenses of operation. The police had informed him about the occurrence at about 9.30 A.M. and it was also informed that she is admitted in Malkhan Singh hospital. He reached there and her sister told him that her husband set her on fire by sprinkling kerosene oil or diesel. She also told him that Bhashendra had taken her on the pretext for taking her to Gangaji. He lodged the report (Ext. Ka-1).
6. P.W. 2 Hira Lal is father of complainant and the deceased Meera Devi. He stated that he had married his daughter Meera Devi alias Basanti about 5-6 years back with the appellant Bhashendra. He had given the dowry in her marriage according to his status but his father Munshi Lal, mother Pushpa Devi husband Bhashendra used to demand more dowry and they used to torture her. He arranged a plot of Rs. 20,000/- and given Rs. 5000/- cash to Bhashendra but they used to demand Rs. 20,000/- more. She had told him about the cruelty of her in-laws and husband due to non-fulfillment of demand of dowry. On 10.5.2000 at about 9 a.m. police constable came to him. They reached at Malkhan Singh hospital at 10.00 A.M. His daughter told him that Bhashendra had taken her to Kheriya forest on the pretext for taking her to Gangaji and he sprinkled kerosene oil and set her on fire. His daughter died in the hospital at about 1.00 P.M. the report was lodged by his son Chandra Bhan.
7. P.W. 3 Dr. Ram Prakash Sharma conducted the post mortem examination of the deceased on 11.5.2000 at 4.15 P.M. and noted the following ante mortem injuries:-
“Superficial deep bum on the whole body except face and scalp (Rt.) and (Lt) fore arm dorsal aspect of redness present hair of scal, pubic eye burns signed.”
8. According to the opinion of doctor the death was caused due to shock and hemorrhage as a result of ante mortem injuries. In the cross-examination he stated that burn injuries were more than 90%.
9. P.W. 4 is V.K. Sharma, Pharmacist, Record Keeper of Malkhan Singh hospital. He stated that Meera Devi was admitted as out door patient on 10.5.2000. Her registration No. is 5021. She was admitted in the hospital vide registration No. 3421. She was admitted in the hospital on 10.5.2000 at 7.40 A.M. in burn ward in more than 95% burn condition. She was admitted in the hospital and treated by Dr. A.K. Jain. Thereafter she was also examined by Dr. Y. Bhardwaj on 10.5.2000. Dr. Arjun Singh had also examined her. At 1.10 P.M. she was declared dead. The bed head ticket is Ext. Ka-3.
10. P.W.5 is Dr. A.K. Jain, Surgeon, Malkhan Singh hospital, Aligarh. He stated that on 10.5.2000 he had examined Smt. Meera Devi wife of Bhashendra at 7.40 A.M. and had noted the following injury:-
” Burn superficial to deep on whole body except face and skull.”
11. In the cross-examination he stated that she had more than 90% burn and more than 60% burn patient could not be saved and it is very difficult to state about the position of victim as some person can speak and some can not speak. It is wrong to say that person having more than 90% burn cannot speak.
12. P.W.6 is constable Geetam Singh. He stated that on the basis of report of the complainant (Ext. Ka-1) he registered the F.I.R. and entered it in the G.D. No. 19 (Ext.Ka-6).
13. P.W.7 is the Investigating Officer of this case. After concluding the investigation he submitted the charge sheet only against the appellant Bhashendra.
14. P.W.8 is Dr. Arjun Singh. He stated that on 10.5.2000 he was posted as emergency doctor in Malkhan Singh hospital. Smt. Meera Devi wife of Bhashendra was admitted by Dr. A.K. Jain at 7.40 A.M. She was in a very serious condition. The pulse was not palpable. He had given her two injections. Her dying declaration was recorded at 9.50 A.M. by Dhirendra Singh, Addl. City Magistrate, Aligarh. At the time of recording the dying declaration she was fully conscious and ready for recording the dying declaration. The dying declaration recorded in his presence by Dhirendra Singh. He had given a certificate about fitness ( Ext. Ka-8). In the cross-examination he stated that Smt. Meera Devi was under treatment of Dr. Y. Bhardwaj. She was admitted by Dr. A.K. Jain. He was on duty as an emergency medical officer from 8.00 A.M. to 2.00 P.M. He sent the note for recording of dying declaration. At the time of recording dying declaration she was not in coma.
15. P.W.9 Dhirendra Singh is Addl. City Magistrate, Aligarh. On 10.5.2000 he reached at 9.40 A.M. at Malkhan Singh hospital where Smt. Meera Devi was admitted. He enquired about her name. She told her name as Smt. Meera Devi wife of Bhashendra resident of Badhauli police station Madrak, Aligarh. Prior to recording of dying declaration he enquired from Dr. Arjun Singh about her mental fitness. He gave certificate about her mental fitness and competency to record dying declaration. In his opinion also she was in a fit mental condition. He recorded her statement. She stated that:
“Uske admi ne aag lagai hai tatha jala diya hai. Aaj din main jalaya hai. Mitti ka tel dalkar jalaya hai. Aapas main larai hoti thi. Admi kahta tha ki dusari aurat rakhunga tere ko nahin aur mujhe kuchh nahin kahna hai.”
16. He prepared the dying declaration ( Ext. Ka-9) and obtained thumb of her toe and certificate by Dr. Arjun Singh. In the cross- examination he stated that on the basis of wireless information he reached at the hospital. He further stated that when he reached in the hospital some persons were sitting near Smt. Meera Devi and before recording the dying declaration he had asked them to leave the place. The doctor who was treating her was present at the time of recording of her dying declaration.
17. P.W.10 is constable Vijai Pal Singh. On 10.5.2000 he received an information that one person is lying in a field in burn condition and is crying. He reached at the place of occurrence and saw that one women was lying in burn condition in the field of Indrajecl on Mathura, Aligarh and Delhi by pass road. Some persons have collected there and extinguished the fire by covering Dhoti and cloth. She disclosed her name as Meera Devi. He brought Smt. Meera Devi to Malkhan Singh hospital in three wheeler and got her admitted in Malkhan Singh hospital at 7.30 A.M. S.I. Shyam Singh had prepared the site plan (Ext. Ka-10) on his pointing out. He also collected a purse containing identity card of Bhashendra. Recovery memo of purse and identity card (Ext. Ka-12) was also prepared.
18. The Sessions Judge relying upon the evidence of the prosecution convicted the appellant, as aforesaid. The other co- accused were acquitted of the charges under Section 498A I.P.C. and Section 3/4 D.P.Act.
19. The main evidence remains against the applicant is dying declaration which is recorded by P.W. 9 Dhirendra Singh. He stated that he had enquired the name of Smt. Meera Devi and also asked P.W.8 Dr. Arjun Singh about her mental and physical condition. The doctor had certified that Smt. Meera Devi is well conscious and she is ready to give her dying declaration and has also given a certificate to this effect. He recorded her dying declaration which is already mentioned in the earlier part of the judgment. He had obtained left toe impression which was also certified by the doctor (Ext. Ka-9). P.W.8 Dr. Arjun Singh also stated that on 10.5.2000 he was posted as emergency doctor in Malkhan Singh hospital. Smt. Meera Devi was admitted on the same day at 7.40 A.M. by Dr. A.K. Jain. He had examined Smt. Meera Devi. Two injections were given to Smt. Meera Devi at 9.50 A.M. Her dying declaration was recorded by P.W.9 Dhirendra Singh. He stated that she was fully conscious and ready for giving dying declaration. Her dying declaration was recorded in his presence and he had signed on it and given a certificate about her fitness. Left toe impression was obtained on the dying declaration and he had also certified the same. Smt. Meera Devi had succumbed to her injuries at 1.10 P.M.
20. It is settled by the various decisions of Apex Court. In the casae of State of U.P. v. Shishupal Singh 1992 Supreme Court Cases (Cri) 957 it is observed:
“Needless to say that the law is well settled by the judicial pronouncements of this Court as well as by various High Courts that conviction can be safely placed on a dying declaration provided the said dying declaration is free from vice of infirmities and if that dying declaration commands acceptance at the hands of the Court.”
21. We have carefully scrutinized the dying declaration in the light of the observations made by the Apex Court. The dying declaration inspires confidence. Perusal of the dying declaration clearly indicates that the appellant has set her on fire after pouring kerosene oil and the motive for the same is also mentioned in clear terms that he wanted to bring another lady. We have no hesitation in placing reliance on the dying declaration.
22. On careful assessment of the evidence tendered by P.W.9 Dhirendra Singh it is found that no circumstance brought on the record to suspect his bona-fide. Nothing has been elicited to show that he was interested in fabricating the evidence against the accused or that he had any motive to make out a false case against the accused. There is only suggestion that he recorded the dying declaration at the instance of the parents of Smt. Meera Devi and this suggestion is without any basis.
23. Counsel for the appellant has challenged the authenticity of dying declaration on the grounds that it is a tutored one. We do not find any force in this submission simply because the testimony of P.W.9 Dhirendra Singh clearly indicates that before recording the dying declaration he had asked all the persons to leave and only the Doctor who was attending her was present. There is nothing to indicate that Smt. Meera Devi was tutored by any one. It is also important to mention here is that the F.I.R. also makes a reference of the dying declaration and there is nothing to suspect the genuineness of the dying declaration.
24. Counsel for the appellant further submitted that the impression of left toe was obtained on the dying declaration so that the genuineness of the dying declaration could not be verified. This submission has no force as no question was asked to this effect either from P.W.8 Dr. Arjun Singh or P.W.9 Dhirendra Singh as to why they had not obtained her thumb impression. There may be various reason for not obtaining the thumb impression as she was under going medical treatment or she might have bum injuries on the hands so it might not have been thought proper to disturb her hand. Counsel for the appellant submits that the certificate of the doctor is not obtained in accordance with law as the certificate is to the effect that she is well conscious and ready to give dying declaration. There is no certificate with regard to medical fitness. In support of his argument he has placed reliance on a decision of Apex Court report in Paparambaka Rosamma and Ors. v. State of A.P. 1999 Supreme Court Cases (Cri) 1361 wherein it is observed :
“In our opinion, in the absence of a medical certification that the injured was in a fit state of mind at the time of making the declaration, it would be very much risky to accept the subjective satisfaction of a Magistrate who opined that the injured was in a fit state of mind at the time of making a declaration.”
25. This decision is not applicable in the present case as the certificate given by P.W.8 Dr. Arjun Singh is very clear in which he stated that she is well conscious and ready to give dying declaration and in his presence the dying declaration was recorded and P.W.9 Dhirendra Singh had also stated that in his opinion also she was mentally fit for recording the dying declaration.
26. Counsel for the appellant placed reliance on the decision which is already over ruled by a Constitutional Bench of Apex Court in the case of Laxman v. State of Maharashtra (2002) SCC (Crl.) 1491 wherein it has been observed:
“It is indeed a hypertechnical view that the certification of the doctor was to the effect that the patient is conscious and there was no certification that the patient was in a fit state of mind especially when the Magistrate categorically stated in his evidence indicating the questions he had put to the patient and from the answers elicited was satisfied that the patient was in a fit state of mind whereafter he recorded the dying declaration. Therefore, the judgment of this Court in Paparambaka Rosamma v. State of A.P. must be held to be not correctly decided and we affirm the law laid down by this Court in Koli Chunilal Savji v. State of Gujrat.”
27. In view of the discussion made above the Sessions Judge has rightly recorded the finding of conviction.
28. The last submission of learned counsel is that Sessions Judge was not justified in imposing the extreme penalty in this case.
29. Under the old code of Criminal Procedure ample discretion was given to codes to pass death sentence is a general proposition and the alternative sentence of life term could be awarded in exceptional circumstances, that too after advancing special reasons for making this departure from the general rule. The new code of Criminal Procedure 1973 has entirely reversed the rule. A sentence for imprisonment for life is now the rule and capital sentence is an exception. It has also been made obligatory on the courts to record special reasons if ultimately death sentence is to be awarded. A constitutional Bench of the Supreme Court in the case of Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab A.I.R. 1980 S.C. 1898 while upholding the constitutional validity of death sentence voiced that as a legal principle death sentence is still awardable but only in rarest of rare cases when the alternative auction of lesser sentence is unquestionably for close. In the instant case The Sessions Judge considered the following as aggravating circumstances imposed the extreme penalty of death:-
1. Deceased Smt. Meera Devi was dependent upon the appellant and she was a helpless lady.
2. There was no provocation for the alleged occurrence by the deceased either on the date of occurrence or prior to the occurrence.
3. It was a planned murder.
4. Deceased deposed her confidence. He had taken her to the place of occurrence on the pretext of taking her on the bank of Ganges.
5. He set her on fire and left her dying on the place of occurrence in a forest early in the morning. There was no chance for saving her life by any one.
6. Deceased waited for her death in 90 – 95% till 1.00 P.M.
7. Accused had committed her murder for marrying another lady.
8. Accused is a Home guard.
30. We are not inclined to accept the findings recorded by the Sessions Judge for imposing extreme penalty of death. The initial allegations of demand of dowry were found false against the appellant and he was not charge sheeted. The appellant was sentenced to death on 10.10.2003. This means that the sentence of death has been in any way on his head for more than a year.
31. Considering over all the circumstances of the case this case does not fall within the category of rarest and rare case and it cannot be said that imprisonment for lesser sentence of life term all together fore closed and we are of the view that a sentence of imprisonment for life to the appellant would meet the ends of justice. While affirming the conviction of the appellant under Section 302 I.P.C. we set aside death sentence and convert the same to life imprisonment.
32. For the reasons stated above though we uphold the conviction of the appellant under Section 302 I.P.C. but his sentence of death is set aside and the same is converted to life imprisonment.
33. Appellant is in jail, he shall be kept there to serve out the sentence as modified by this court.
34. Appeal is accordingly disposed of.
35. Reference made by learned Sessions Judge for confirmation of death sentence is rejected.