PETITIONER: COMMISSIONER OF TAXES, ASSAM Vs. RESPONDENT: M/S. JALANNAGAR SOUTH ESTATE LTD.& ORS. DATE OF JUDGMENT04/08/1971 BENCH: HEGDE, K.S. BENCH: HEGDE, K.S. GROVER, A.N. CITATION: 1971 AIR 2135 1972 SCR (1) 17 ACT: Assam Agricultural Income-tax Act (Assam Act 9 of 1939) and Rules made thereunder, s. 8 and r. 2-Contribution to a charity trust-If exemption can be claimed with respect to amount. Exemption granted by Assistant Commissioner-Larger deduction claimed by assessee in appeal to Board-Jurisdiction of Board to express opinion on correctness of finding of Assistant Commissioner as to the right to claim exemption. HEADNOTE: The assessees made donations to a Charity Trust and claimed that the amount should be considered as "amounts actually spent for charitable purposes" under r. 2 of the rules framed under the Assam Agricultural Income-tax Act, 1939, and therefore exempt from assessment to tax. The Income-tax Officer rejected the claim but on appeal, the Assistant Commissioner granted exemption to the extent of 60% of the amounts donated. The Department bad no further right of appeal, but the assessees exercised their right of appeal to the Board of Revenue claiming full exemption. The Board of Revenue held that, (1) the assessees were not entitled to any exemption under the Act, but as the order of the Assistant Commissioner had become final, the assessees were entitled to retain the exemption granted; and (2) even if they were entitled to some exemption, what was granted was more than what they were entitled to. The High Court, on reference, held that : (1) the Board was not competent in the assessees' appeal to question the finding of the Assistant Commissioner that the amounts donated to the Charity Trust were actually spent for charitable purposes and (2) the Board was not justified in holding that only 60% of the amounts donated, were admissible as deduction Allowing the appeals, HELD : (1) Since there was no right of appeal to the Depart- ment an exemption granted by the Assistant Commissioner could not be interfered with by the Board, but while considering whether the assessees were entitled to the full exemption claimed, the Board had to examine the true legal position under the Act and the rules for the purpose of deciding the matter in issue. Therefore the Board was competent to determine whether the Assistant Commissioner took the correct view in law. [20B-D] (2)Under r. 2 (1) read with s. 8 (g) of the Act an assessee is entitled to deduct from his income only the sum actually spent by him for charitable purposes as defined in the rule. Assuming that an assessee may rely on an expenditure through an agency and not 18 by himself, and that the objects of the Charity Trust are charitable purposes as defined, it had to be established to the satisfaction of the assessing authority that the amounts were actually spent for such charitable purposes. Mere contribution to a charity fund would not entitle an assessee to the exemption when it was not proved that the Charity Trust had in fact expended the amounts donated for any such charitable purpose. [20G,H;21A-E] JUDGMENT:
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeals No. 1873 to
1876 of 1967.
Appeals by special leave from the judgment and order dated
August 8, 1966 of the Assam and Nagaland High Court in Ref.
Nos. 2 to 4 of 1965.
S.T. Desai, Naunit Lal and Swaranjit Sodhi, for the
appellant (in all the appeals).
M.C. Chagla, S. C. Majumdar and R. K. Jain, for the
respondents (in all the appeals).
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
Hegde J,-These appeals by special leave arise from the
decision of the High Court of Assam and Nagaland in Tax
References Nos. 2 to 4 of 1965 on its file wherein the High
Court of Assam and Nagaland answered the two questions of
law referred to it by the Assam Board of Revenue under S.
28(2) of the Assam Agricultural Income-tax Act, 1939 (Assam
Act IX of 1939) (to be hereinafter referred to as the Act)
in the negative. The two questions referred for the
advisory opinion of the High Court are
(1)Whether on the facts and in the cir-
cumstances of the case the Board was competent
in course of appeals preferred by the assessee
to question the finding of Assistant
Commissioner of Taxes to the effect that the
amount donated to Jalan Charity Trust were
amounts actually spent for ‘Charitable
purposes’ within the meaning of Assam
Agricultural Income-Tax Act.
(2)Whether on the facts and in the circum-
stances of the case the Board was justified in
holding that only 60 per cent of the amounts
actually spent by the assessee for ‘Charitable
purposes’ from the Agricultural income was
admissible as deduction under Rule 2(2) of the
Rules framed under the Assam Agricultural
Income-Tax Act.
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Aggrieved by the decision of the High Court Commissioner of
Taxes, Assam has brought this appeal.
We shall now briefly set out the facts necessary for
deciding the points in controversy in these appeals. Each
of the three assessees with whom we are concerned in these
appeals had given certain donations to the Jalan Charity
Trust in the relevant assessment years, which in the case of
two the assessees is 1955-56 and in the case of the third is
1955-56 and 1957-58. The question for consideration is
whether those donations can be considered as ” amounts
actually spent for charitable purposes under rule 2(1) of
the rules framed under the Act.
The agricultural income of the assessee was computed at 60
per cent of the total net income ascertained, by the Income-
tax Officer under the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922. ]Before
the Income-tax Officer the assessees claimed exemption under
S. 15-B of the Indian Income-tax Act in respect of the
donations made by them to the Jalan Trust, but that Officer
did not grant the exemption asked for but reserved that
question for decision to a latter date as he wanted to
examine the nature of those donations. He determined the
income of the assessees for the years in question without
taking into consideration those donations. Thereafter the
Agricultural Income-tax Officer proceeded to assess the
agricultural income of the assessees. Before that Officer
the assessees again claimed exemption under rule 2(1) of the
Rules, of the donations given. by them to the Jalan Charity
Trust. That Officer refused to grant the exemption asked
for. Thereafter the assessees took up the matter in appeal
to the Assistant Commissioner. The Assistant Commissioner
granted to each of the assessees exemption to the extent of
60 per cent of the amounts donated. Then the assessees took
up the matter in appeal to the Board of Re venue.The
Department had no right to appeal against the order of the
Assistant Commissioner. The Board of Revenue came to the
conclusion that the assessees were ‘not entitled to any
exemption under the Act but all the same as the order of the
Assistant Commissioner had become final in respect of
exemption given, the assessees were entitled to retain the
exemption granted by the Assistant Commissioner.
Alternatively it also came to the conclusion that even if
the assessees were entitled to any exemption under
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the Act and the Rules, the exemption granted to them by the
Assistant Commissioner was more than what they were entitled
to. Thereafter the assessees moved the Board to refer to
the High Court for its. opinion the two questions mentioned
eerlier.
There is no substance in the first question referred to
above. It is true that the exemption granted by the Assis-
tant Commissioner could not be interfered with by the Board
of Revenue. But all the same while considering whether the
assessees were entitled to the further exemption claimed by
them the Board of Revenue had to examine the true legal
position under the Act and the Rules for the purpose of
deciding the matter in issue before it. In our opinion the
High Court was wholly in error in opining that the Board of
Revenue was not competent to determine the true position
under law in view of the decision of the Assistant
Commissioner. The High Court overlooked the fact that
pronouncing on the, claim made by the assessees before the
Board of Revenue, the Board had to examine the legality ,of
the claim. It is one thing to say that the Board could not
reverse the decision of the Assistant Commissioner, which,
had become final but it is entirely a different thing to say
that the Board was not competent to consider whether the
Assistant Commissioner took a correct view of the law or not
when the true position in law is necessary to be determined
for deciding the issue before it.
Now coming to the second question unlike S. 15-B of
the.Indian Income-Tax Act, 1922, which exempts any sums,
paid to an institution or a fund coming within the scope of
that section upto the prescribed limit, under Rule 2(1) read
with S. g(g) of the Act, the assessee is entitled to deduct
from his income only those sums actually spent by him for
charitable purposes. Charitable purpose. under that rule is
defined as including relief to the poor, education, medical
relief and the advancement of any other (object of public
utility.
Under rule 2(1) read with S. 8(g) before an assessee can
claim any exemption, he has to establish that in the
relevant year; he had actually spent for one or the other of
the charitable purposes mentioned in that rule the amount in
respect of Which he claims examination. Mere contribution
to’ a fund would not entitle him to the exemption claimed,
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It is true that the assessees in these cases are proved to
have contributed certain amounts to the Jalan Trust Fund.
It may also be true-about which we express no opinion-that
the objects of Jalan Trust are similar to those mentioned’
in rule 2(i). But there is no proof in these cases that the
Jalan Trust had expended the amounts donated by the asses-
sees to that fund for any charitable purpose during the
relevant years. From the materials placed before the
Court,, it appears that Jalan Trust had spent in the years
in question. some amounts for charitable purposes. But the
amount spent is much less than the donations received.
Further the assessees have not established any cor-
relationship between the amounts spent by the Jalan Trust
and the amounts donated by them to the Trust. Under these
circumstances it is not necessary for us to decide whether
the actual spending referred to in rule 2.(i) must be by the
assessees themselves, or it may also be through some other
agency. In our opinion before the assessees can claim
exemption under rule, 2(1) in regard to any amount, they
have to establish to the satisfaction of the assessing
authority that they had actually spent that amount for
charitable purposes. No such proof is forthcoming in. these
cases.
For the reasons mentioned, above these appeals are allowed
and the answers given by the High Court are revoked and in
place of those answers We answer both the questions in the
affirmative and in favour of the Revenue. The asses-sees to
pay costs of the Commissioner-one hearing fee.,
V.P.S. Appeals allowed.
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