Bombay High Court High Court

Indian Smelting And Refining … vs Sarva Shramik Sangh on 13 October, 2008

Bombay High Court
Indian Smelting And Refining … vs Sarva Shramik Sangh on 13 October, 2008
Bench: A.M. Khanwilkar
                                         1

                  IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
                  ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL JURISDICTION




                                                                               
                          WRIT PETITION NO.3123 OF 2005




                                                       
    Indian Smelting and Refining Co.Ltd.       ..PETITIONER




                                                      
                  VS.


    Sarva Shramik Sangh                        ..RESPONDENT




                                            
                               
    Mrs.Meena Doshi with Ms.Naina Dutia i/b Nameet & Co. for
    petitioner.
                              
    Ms.Hutoxi Tavadia a/w Mr.H.V.Kode i/b. Mahesh Thorat for
    respondent.
              
           



                                    CORAM : A.M.Khanwilkar, J.

DATE : OCTOBER 13, 2008.

P.C.:

1. This Writ Petition under Article 226 of the Constitution of

India takes exception to the Judgment and Order passed by the
Industrial Court, Maharashtra, Mumbai dated 23rd September, 2005
in Complaint (ULP) No. 834 of 2000. The subject complaint was
filed by Respondent-Union to espouse the cause of 21 employees

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enlisted in Annexure A to the Complaint, alleging that the Petitioner
Company had indulged in unfair labour practice covered by Items 6,

9 and 10 of the Schedule IV of Maharashtra Recognition of Trade

Unions & Prevention of Unfair Labour Practices Act, 1971(hereinafter
referred to as “the Act”). The substance of the case made out in the
complaint filed by the Respondent is as follows.

2. It is stated that the Petitioner Company is a public limited

company registered under the provisions of Indian Companies Act, 1956

and is engaged in the business of manufacturing and sale of copper, bronze,

nickel, sheets, strips and foils and non ferrous alloys, etc. It is alleged that

the Petitioner company has a standing of over 30 years with a reputation

and a very good market position. Its financial position is very sound and

strong. The Company had employed about 1000 workers including staff,

watchman and wards. It is stated that the Respondent union is registered

trade union under Trade Unions Act, 1926 and is also recognized union for

the undertaking of the Petitioner company under the provisions of the Act of

1971. It is stated that the Union enjoys majority of membership of the

workers of the petitioner company. As aforesaid, the complaint in

question was filed to espouse the cause of 21 employees enlisted in

Annexure A to the complaint. It is stated that the respective employees

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joined Petitioner company on dates shown against their name in Annexure

A to the complaint and thus were deemed permanent employees of the

Petitioner company as per law. It is alleged that inspite of the fact that the

said employees were working in the Petitioner company for several years,

they have been termed as temporary and are denied and deprived of

permanency status and its benefits and privileges, which are made

applicable to the employees, who are termed as permanent employees. It is

alleged that the named employees are denied of grade and variable Dearness

Allowance of 140% or fixed DA as per settlement dated 3rd February, 1999

signed between the Management of the Petitioner company and the

Respondent union for and on behalf of the workers and which is made

applicable to the daily rated permanent workers of the company. It is

alleged that the Petitioners have discriminated and discriminating amongst

the employees and are denying and depriving the permanency and its

benefits and privileges so also the benefits of the settlement dated 3rd

February, 1999 to the employees named in Annexure `A’ to the Complaint.

It is further stated that the employees named in the Annexure `A’ to the

Complaint have been appointed by the Petitioner company in the category

of dependents of the retired/expired workers of the Petitioner company, as

per the terms of settlements and Award dated 19th March, 1980. It is then

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stated that the said employees were entitled to be made permanent after

completing 18 months continuous service as per the settlement dated 6th

December, 1971. It is further stated that the employees named in

Annexure A to the complaint have already completed more than 18 months

continuous service and were entitled to permanency and its benefits, which

has been wrongfully denied to them by the Petitioner company. It is

alleged that the Union had sent communication to the Petitioner company

in this regard making this grievance vide letter dated 2 nd June, 2000, but no

satisfactory reply was received. According to the Respondent union, as the

Petitioner company had failed to comply with the settlement dated 6th

December, 1971 or the award dated 19th March, 1980 or the settlements

dated 21st February, 1996 and dated 3rd February, 1999, the Petitioner

continued to knowingly and deliberately breach/violate the said settlements

and award thereby denying and depriving the employees named in

Annexure `A’ to the complaint their status of permanency and its benefits

and privileges. It is stated that the Union therefore, sent another letter dated

31st August, 2000 to the Petitioner company which was received by the

company on 4th September, 2000. However, no response was received from

the Petitioner company. The Union therefore, asserted that the Petitioner

company was bound to implement the settlements dated 6th December, 1971

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and Award dated 19th March, 1980 and to extend the benefits of settlements

dated 21st February, 1886 and 3rd February, 1999 to the employees named in

Annexure `A’ to the complaint. It is alleged that as per settlement dated 6th

December, 1971 the company and the management were obliged to hold

meeting with the complainant union and the committee members in the

month of June every year regularly for the claim of permanency and other

benefits of the workers. Having failed to do so, the Union addressed letter

dated 2nd June, 2000 to the Petitioner company.

ig Inspite of the said

communication, the Petitioner company failed to call any meeting nor made

the named employees permanent nor offered them benefits or privileges till

the date of filing of the complaint. It is alleged that on the other hand, the

Petitioner company is refuting the said claim and has failed and neglected to

implement the service conditions as per settlement dated 6th December,

1971, Award dated 19th March, 1980, settlement dated 21st February, 1996

and settlement dated 3rd February, 1999. In that, the named employees have

been continued by the Petitioner company as temporaries, violating

settlement and have denied and deprived the said employees the status,

privileges and benefits of permanency resulting in unfair labour practice

under Item 6, 9 and 10 of Schedule IV of the Act. It is further stated in the

complaint that the provisions of Industrial Employment(Standing Orders)

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Act, 1946 is applicable to the establishment. The complaint then gives

details of the furnaces operated by the Petitioner company and the number

of permanent employees working during the three shifts and the minimum

number of permanent employees required in a day to maintain the normal

level of establishment. Similar details are furnished in respect of several

mills in the establishment and it is asserted that the named employees were

working in the same place where the employees were given the benefits of

permanency while working. Assertion in the complaint is to the effect that

the work undertaken by the named employees is perennial in nature and

they were performing the same job as their counter-parts, who were called

as permanent by the employer and were given higher DA and other benefits.

Similar details are provided in respect of four Yadar machines and four

Pickling machines. It is also asserted that employee at Sr.No.14 in

Annexure A to the complaint is a Crane Driver, whose work is permanent

and of perennial nature. Details about other named employees are also spelt

out in the complaint. It is then stated that the Petitioner company had

employed about 1150-1200 permanent employees in the establishment.

However, gradually the strength of permanent employees was reduced due

to various reasons such as retirement, death, resignation etc. over the period

of years. The Petitioners however, did not fill up the permanent vacancies

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and managed the work by engaging employees as casuals, temporaries or

contract employees. It is stated that besides the named 21 employees in

Annexure `A’ to the complaint, there are other set of about 170 employees,

who are junior to these employees and another about 200 employees who

are still called as contract employees in the establishment. It is then asserted

that the Petitioner company was extending the facilities of casual leave,

sick leave, privilege leave etc. to the employees who are junior to the

employees named in Annexure `A’ to the complaint. At the same time, the

Petitioner was not extending even the minimum facility of casual leave and

sick leave to these employees named in Annexure `A’ to the complaint. It

is stated that the employees called as permanent by the Petitioner were

being paid DA at the rate of 140%, whereas the employees named in

Annexure `A’ were paid only 100% thereby denying them the substantial

amount of wages every month. It is also asserted by the Respondent union

that the monthly production in the years before 1984, was around 250 to

300 tonnes with the strength of 750 employees. After 1985, during the

period from 1988 to 1991, the production is increased to 500 tonnes and

thereafter during the period 1994-95, it was 625 tonnes and then in the year

1999, it was about 700 tonnes and from around year 2000 onwards, it is

around 800 tonnes. However, the strength of permanent employees of the

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Company has reduced drastically and going down every year by year;

because the Petitioners are not showing employees doing the extra work as

permanent with a view to deprive them the status and benefits of permanent

employees. It is further asserted that under the provisions of Standing

Orders all the employees listed in Annexure A are entitled to be made

permanent on completion of 240 days of service in the establishment. On

the basis of the above assertions, the Respondent Union prayed that it be

declared that the Petitioner has engaged in unfair labour practice under

Items 6,9 and 10 of the Schedule IV of the Act, 1971, and to direct the

Petitioner to cease and desist from engaging in unfair labour practice

complained of. Further relief was claimed by the Respondent to declare that

the employees named in the Annexure `A’ to the complaint are permanent

employees on completion of continuous service of 18 months as per

settlement dated 6th December, 1971. It was further prayed that direction be

issued to the Petitioner to extend benefits under settlements dated 21 st

February, 1996 and 3rd February, 1996 and 3rd February, 1999 respectively

to the employees named in the Annexure `A’ to the complaint and to direct

the Petitioner to pay the difference of the benefits of the settlements dated

21st February, 1996 and 3rd February, 1999 to the employees named in the

Annexure `A’ to the complaint with retrospective effect. Lastly, it was

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prayed that direction be issued to the Petitioner to issue letters of

permanency to the employees named in Annexure `A’ to the complaint with

retrospective effect from the date they have completed 18 months

continuous service.

3. The Petitioner-company contested the complaint. In the first

place, the Petitioner filed affidavit in reply to the interim relief application.

That reply was treated as Written Statement of the Petitioner. In addition,

the Petitioner filed additional Written Statement. Significantly, the

Petitioner has conceded that the workmen named in Annexure `A’ to the

complaint, were neither badli nor casuals nor temporary but were deemed

to be permanent by virtue of provisions of Industrial Employment (Standing

Orders) Act, 1946. It is the case of the Petitioner that the said workmen

were getting consolidated wages, mostly minimum wages, as prescribed by

Government of Maharashtra for engineering workers. However, as and

when they became entitled to the benefits under Industrial Employees

(Standing Orders) Act, 1946 they were fitted in basic wage and granted

100% revised textile DA and other terms and conditions were fixed. This

was done with the knowledge of the complainant union as well as workers

when the settlement dated 3rd February, 1999 was signed. It is the case of

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the Petitioner that the named workmen were not getting benefits which

regular permanent workers were getting due to settlement dated 3rd

February, 1999 and no fault can be found with the Petitioner company in

that behalf. In support of its contention that the named workmen were not

entitled for benefits under the settlement dated 3rd February, 1999, reliance

was placed on Clauses 26 and 27 of the said settlement, which according to

the Petitioner, preserved the right of the Petitioner company to fix separate

service condition for temporary, casual, badli or other types of workmen. It

is the case of the Petitioner that by filing present complaint, the Union is

attempting to resile from the settlement which is only for the benefit of

permanent workmen who were on the rolls of the company on the day of

signing of the settlement and who signed it. According to the Petitioner,

named workmen were not temporaries or were getting service condition of

temporary workmen but were getting basic plus 100% revised textile DA, as

determined by the Petitioner company with mutual consent of the workmen

concerned. According to the Petitioner, while fixing service conditions of

the named workmen, the Petitioner has mostly followed the provisions of

clause 4 of the settlement dated 6th December, 1971 signed with the

respondent union. In substance, the stand of the Petitioner is that the

Petitioner was entitled to provide separate service conditions in respect of

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workmen named in Annexure A to the complaint as they were not covered

by the settlement dated 3rd February, 1999.

4. The Industrial Court, on analyzing the rival stand and

considering the evidence on record, proceeded to hold that the real

controversy centers around the applicability of agreement qua the workmen

named in Annexure A to the complaint. At the outset, the lower Court

opined that there was neither any pleading nor any evidence with regard to

the violation of Item 10 of Schedule IV. The lower Court accordingly,

confined the enquiry only regarding violation or breach of Item Nos. 6 and 9

of Schedule IV. It found as of fact that the benefits under the settlement

were not offered or extended to the workmen named in Annexure “A” to the

complaint. It then considered as to whether the justification offered by the

Petitioner company can be countenanced. It went on to observe that as per

the agreement or settlement, the benefits of the settlement will have to be

extended to daily rated permanent workmen. It went on to observe that

even if the settlement deems to exclude the workmen named in Annexure A

to the complaint, the same cannot bind them as they were not signatories to

the said agreement. In as much as the settlement was against their interest

and detrimental to them. It further found that if the office bearers of the

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Trade Union have agreed to do certain act ignoring interest of one set of

employees who were going to be affected by the arrangement, such

agreement would not disentitle the concerned workmen from claiming their

legitimate rights and ventilating their grievance. It then proceeded to hold

that admittedly the workmen named in Annexure A were continuously

working with the Petitioner company for number of years and their services

were uninterrupted, which was sufficient to confer permanency on them as

well as to extend benefits as given to the permanent employees; failure to

do so results in unfair labour practice within the meaning of Item 6 and 9 of

Schedule IV of the Act. The lower Court has found that in fact the

Petitioner has conceded that the workmen named in Annexure A to the

complaint were deemed permanent employees and that the said employees

had put in more than 240 days of continuous service and were entitled to

seek protection of provisions of law including section 25 (F) of the

Industrial Disputes Act. It has then found that since the Petitioner admits

that the concerned employees were deemed permanent, the Petitioner was

under obligation to confer all the benefits extended to permanent

employees even to the complainant-employees. The lower Court has then

adverted to rule 4(B) of the Industrial Employment(Standing Orders) Rules,

1959 which stipulates that the temporary workman, who has put in 190

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days’ uninterrupted service in aggregate in any establishment of a seasonal

nature or 240 days uninterrupted service in the aggregate in any

establishment during the period of preceding 12 calendar months, shall be

made permanent in that establishment by an order in writing signed by the

Manager or any person authorized in that behalf by the Manager,

irrespective of whether or not his name is on the muster roll of the

establishment during the said 12 calendar months. The lower Court then

adverted to the communication sent by the Respondent Union to the

Petitioner on 2nd June, 2000 calling upon the Petitioner to confer

permanency to the employees concerned. Notwithstanding the Company

asserted that the concerned employees were not temporary employees,

relying on the reported decision, the lower Court then went on to observe

that even if the concerned employees were daily rated employees, denial to

confer permanency and permanency benefits despite clear vacancy, was

admittedly unfair labour practice. The lower Court has found as of fact that

even though the concerned employees were appointed on compassionate

ground, however, they were appointed on clear vacant post and those

persons after their appointment were continued for number of years as

temporary. The lower Court has thus found that ipso facto and ipso jure, the

Petitioner employer has indulged in unfair labour practice within the

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mischief of Item 6 and Item 9 of the Schedule IV of the Act. It is on the

basis of these findings the Court below proceeded to pass following order:

“Complaint is allowed.

It is hereby declared that the respondents have engaged in an
unfair labour practices under items 6 and 9 of Schedule-IV of
the MRTU & PULP Act, 1971 and respondents are directed to

cease and desist from engaging in such practices.

It is hereby declared that the employees concerned are entitled
for status of permanency as well as the permanency benefits in

pursuance of the agreements that were timely entered into by
the respondent employer, with effect from the date of

completion of 19 months continuous service by the concerned
each employee.

No order as to the cost.”

5. After having considered the pleadings and documents on

record, to my mind the real controversy is whether the workmen who are

deemed permanent would be entitled to the benefits under the settlement

dated 3rd February, 1999. For, it is common ground that the workmen

named in the Annexure `A’ to the complaint were appointed between 1996

to 1998 on different dates. Their date of appointment is not in dispute. It is

also not in dispute that the said workmen were continuously employed by

the Petitioner. It is also evident from the record that the service of those

workmen was engaged in relation to work which was permanent and

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perennial in nature. It is conceded by the Petitioner that the workmen

named in Annexure A acquired the status of deemed permanent on

completion of 240 days by virtue of provisions of Industrial Employment

(Standing Orders) Act, 1946. It is a different matter that in response to the

representation sent by the Respondent union, the Petitioner termed the

concerned workmen as temporary. The question is whether the Petitioner

has committed breach of such nature that it results in unfair labour practice

within in the meaning of Item 6 of Schedule IV of the Act.

Item 6 read thus:

“To employ employees as Badlis, casuals or temporaries and to
continue them as such for years with the object of depriving

them of the status and privileges of permanent employees.”

6. It is not in dispute that on completion of 240 days of

continuous service of the concerned workman, no letter has been issued by

the manager of the Petitioner company informing in writing that they have

been made permanent in the establishment, as required by rule 4B of the

Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Rules 1959. Indeed, till recently

even when the Respondent made representation to treat the workmen

permanent or deemed permanent employees, the Petitioner company

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asserted that the said workmen were temporary. The fact remains that

before the Court, the Petitioner has conceded that the concerned workmen

were deemed permanent by virtue of provisions of Industrial

Employment(Standing Order) 1946. Even so the Petitioner cannot be

absolved of the unfair labour practice within the meaning of Item 6. It

would have been a different matter if the manager of the Petitioner company

in compliance of the mandate of the rule 4 B of the Industrial

Employment(Standing Orders) Rules had issued order in writing treating the

concerned workmen as permanent soon after completion of the continuous

service of 240 days in aggregate during a period of preceding 12 calendar

months. Having failed to do so, rigours of item 6 were clearly attracted.

The fact that the concerned workmen were paid on the basis of basic plus

100% revised textile D.A. and other allowances, by itself does not result in

treating the workmen as permanent or deemed permanent. If the said

workmen were to be treated as permanent by the Petitioner company, the

Petitioner Company would be obliged to provide all the privileges and

status as given to its permanent employees. It necessarily follows that the

object of not issuing order in writing as required on account of Rule 4B of

the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Rules, was to deprive the

workmen named in the Annexure `A’ of the status and privileges of the

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permanent employees. This is the gravamen of the grievance made in the

complaint as filed.

7. To get over this position, Counsel for the Petitioner would

contend that even if the complaint is read as a whole, there is no pleading

that the object of not treating the named workmen as permanent was to

deprive them of the status of permanent employees. Counsel for the

Petitioner would rely on the decision of the Apex Court in the case of

Regional Manager, SBI V/s. Rakesh Kumar Tewari, reported in (2006) 1

SCC 530, in particular, paragraph-14 thereof, where the Apex Court has

expounded that unless foundation has been laid in the pleadings, no amount

of evidence can be looked into. Reliance is also placed on the decision

reported in 1994 (I) CLR page 913 in the case of Punjabrao Krishi

Vidyapeeth, Akola Vs. General Secretary, Krishi Vidyapeeth Kamgar Union

& Ors.. Obviously, this submission is advanced on misreading of the

pleadings in the complaint. In my opinion, on a fair reading of the

complaint as a whole, it is seen that at more than one place it is asserted that

the object of not recognising the named workmen was to deprive them of

the status and privilege of permanent employees. That can be culled out

from paragraph-3(c), where it is asserted that the Petitioner had

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discriminated and discriminating amongst employees and are denying and

depriving the permanency and benefits and privileges thereof so also the

benefits of the settlement dated 3rd February, 1999 to the employees named

in Annexure A to the complaint. In last sub-paragraph of paragraph 3, it is

once again stated as follows:

“..Whereas the strength of permanent employees of the

Company has reduced drastically and going down year by year
because the Respondents are not showing employees doing

permanent job as permanent with a view of deprive them the
status and benefit of permanent employees.”

In my opinion, there is sufficient pleading so as to attract the provisions of

Item 6 of Schedule IV. It is well established position that the strict rules of

pleadings as required by the civil code do not apply in relation to the

disputes before the Labour and Industrial Court. If any authority is required

in support of this proposition, reliance can be usefully made to the

observation in paragraph-4 in the case of Bombay Mothers & Children’s

Society V/s. General Labour Union(Red Flag) & anr. reported in 1992 I

CLR 656; as well as Indian Express Newspapers(Bombay) Ltd. v/s. Brihan

Mumbai Union of Journalists, reported in 2001 II CLR page 76 and P.D

Siddhave V/s.G.N.Patwardhan & Ors., reported in 1997 II CLR 1090.

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8. As aforesaid, there is enough pleading to suggest that the

object of the Petitioner to not recognize the named workmen as permanent

was to deprive them of their status and privileges of the permanent

employees. The question is whether the onus was on the respondent union

to establish the factum of object of the Petitioner in not recognizing the

named workmen as permanent. Even this issue is no more res intigra. The

Apex Court in the case of Chief Conservator of
ig Forests & Anr. v/s.

Jagannath Maruti Kondhare & Ors. Reported in (1996) 2 SCC 293, has

considered this very aspect. The Apex Court in paragraph-22 however,

proceeded to observe thus:

“We have given our due thought to the aforesaid rival
contentions and, according to us, the object of the State Act,
inter alia, being prevention of certain unfair labour practices,
the same would be thwarted or get frustrated if such a burden is

placed on a workman which he cannot reasonably discharge.

In our opinion, it would be permissible on facts of a particular
case to draw the inference mentioned in the second part of the
item, if badlis, casuals or temporaries are continued as such for
years….” (emphasis supplied)

The Division Bench of our High Court has restated the above principle in

the decision in the case of R.P.Sawant vs. Bajaj Auto Ltd., reported in 2001

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II CLR 982. In paragraph-41 of the said decision, the Court has observed

thus:

“41. Mr.Singh also relied on the judgment of the Supreme
Court in Chief Conservator of Forests & Anr. V.

J.M.Kondhare, 1996 I CLR 680, in which the Supreme Court

severely criticized the Forest Department of the Government of
Maharashtra for indulging in similar tactics of repeatedly
terminating the services of employees to prevent them from
becoming permanent. The Supreme Court was considering the

very same Item 6 of Schedule IV of the 1971 Act and observed
(vide paragraph 22) as under:-

“… In our opinion, it would be permissible on facts of a
particular case to draw the inference mentioned in the

second part of the item, if badlis, casuals, or temporaries are
continued as such for years. …”

Considering the type of work before them, the Supreme Court
observed as under :

“Permanency is thus writ large on the face of both the types of

work. If, even in such projects, persons are kept in jobs on casual
basis for years the object manifests itself; no scrutiny is required.”

We are of the view that these observations of the Supreme Court

clearly apply to the case before us. The evidence on record fully justified
drawing the inference that the object of the Company in keeping the
employees temporary for repeated periods of seven months was to deprive
them of the benefits of permanency so as to amount to an unfair labour
practice within the meaning of Item 6 of Schedule IV of the 1971 Act.”

It will be useful to refer to another decision of the single Judge of our High

Court in the case of Burroughs Welcome (I) Ltd. Vs. D.H. Ghosle [2001 (2)

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MLJ 54], which has followed the said principle. In the present case, the

finding recorded by the lower Court to the effect that the named workmen

were continuously in service for years and were engaged in activities, which

were permanent and perennial in nature is unquestionable. Besides, even

the finding of the lower court that the named workmen were doing the same

work as their counter parts who were called permanent is also

unquestionable. With this background it necessarily follows that the

purpose of not recognizing the named workmen as permanent was with a

view to deprive them of the status and privileges of permanent employees

and would attract provisions of Item 6 of Schedule IV of the Act.

9. That takes me to the question whether the opinion formed by

the lower Court that the Petitioners have also indulged in unfair labour

practice within the meaning of item 9 of Schedule IV of the Act is just and

proper. Item 9 of Schedule IV of the Act reads thus:

“9. Failure to implement award, settlement or agreement.”

On the finding already recorded that the named workmen were deemed

permanent, it would necessarily follow that they ought to get all the benefits

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and facilities, as have been extended to the permanent employees for the

relevant period.

10. As aforesaid, it is common ground that the named workmen

have been employed between 1996 to 1998 on different dates. On

completion of continuous and uninterrupted service, in law, they would

become permanent. They will have to be treated as permanent workmen.

The fact that a formal order in writing has not been issued by the manager as

required in Rule 4B of the Industrial Employment(Standing Order) Rules

1959 would make no difference. For, the law recognizes such workmen to

be permanent workmen. If so, the real question is whether the

memorandum of settlement dated 3rd February, 1999 purports to expressly

exclude the deemed permanent workmen. For that, we will have to analyse

the terms of memorandum of settlement dated 3rd February, 1999. Indeed,

the Petitioner was at pains to point out that the charter of demand of

workers employed in Petitioner company submitted by the Union

specifically makes reference to the daily rated workmen including

temporary and casual workmen in company at Bhandup, relying on the

recital of memorandum of settlement dated 3rd February, 1999. That would

militate against the daily rated workmen employed in the establishment of

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the company at Bhandup. Even so, the question is whether the terms of the

said settlement expressly or by implication deny the benefits provided

thereunder to daily rated deemed permanent workmen. Significantly, the

Petitioner’s witness has unambiguously stated that the demand which was

raised by the union and was the subject matter of the said settlement was in

respect “temporary and casual workmen” other than the named workmen in

Annexure-A to the complaint. In view of this admission, as a matter of fact,

no further scrutiny on the point in issue is required.

11. Be that as it may, the law recognizes only two categories of

workmen. One, being the permanent workman and the other a temporary

workman. On account of legal fiction, a deemed permanent workman, for

all purposes, is a permanent workman. In other words, the expression

“permanent workman” within the meaning of provisions of the Act and the

Rules would cover both the categories of workmen namely de facto

permanent workman and de jure permanent workman. A de facto

permanent workman is one, who has been appointed by the company by an

order in writing, as a permanent workman; whereas a de jure permanent

workman is one, who, irrespective of whether such order in writing is issued

by the company, is recognised by law to be a permanent workman. With

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this background, we will have to consider whether the memorandum of

settlement in any way provides that the de jure permanent workmen have

been excluded from deriving the benefits under the stated settlement.

12. As aforesaid, the Memorandum of settlement has been reached

in respect of daily rated permanent workman employed in the petitioner

company at Bhandup. The term permanent workmen has not been defined

in the memorandum of settlement. For that, we will have to give the

natural meaning to that expression which is consistent with the provisions

of law. As aforesaid, permanent workman is one who is de facto permanent

workmen and also includes de jure permanent workman. Thus understood,

it is not possible to suggest that the memorandum of settlement dated 3rd

February, 1999 expressly excludes the workmen who fall within the class

of deemed permanent workman on the relevant date as such. In other

words, it will have to be assumed that all workmen who have acquired the

status of permanent workmen as on 3rd February, 1999 would be entitled to

enjoy the benefits provided under the memorandum of settlement dated 3rd

February, 1999.

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13. The Petitioner would rely on clause 20 of the Memorandum of

settlement which reads thus:

“20. NO DEMANDS DURING THE PERIOD OF THIS SETTLEMENT

The union and workmen agree that during the period of operation of this
settlement neither they nor any union nor any party will raise and demand
or disputes on their behalf in respect of any matter which may directly or

indirectly involve additional financial burden on the Company except the
demand for bonus under the Payment of Bonus Act, 1965.”

However, in my opinion, this clause does not take the matter any further for

the Petitioner. This clause merely provides that the agreement has been

reached that the demand or dispute in respect of any matter, which may be

directly or indirectly covered by the settlement and involve additional

financial burden on the company except demand for bonus under the

payment of Bonus Act, 1965 can be raised by the Union or any party. Once

it is found that the workmen named in the Annexure-A to the complaint are

covered by the term permanent workmen having completed 240 days of

uninterrupted services on or before 3rd February, 1999, would be covered by

the settlement dated 3rd February, 1999. Emphasis was then placed on

Clauses 22, 26 and 27 of the settlement which read thus:

“22. DEMANDS NOT COVERED IN THIS SETTLEMENT NOT
PRESSED

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The union and workmen agree that in view of this settlement the demands
which are not specifically covered by this settlement shall be deemed to

have not been pressed by them and as such will be treated as withdrawn.”

“26. APPLICABILITY

It is specifically declared that this settlement is applicable only to daily-
rated permanent workmen and not to temporary, casual, badli or other
types of workmen, if any, for whom the Company will be entitled to lay

down separate service conditions. It will also not apply to the ex-
workmen whose demands for reinstatement is pending before Courts/
Competent authorities under the law. It is further agreed that the terms of
this settlement will be applicable only to those daily-rated permanent
workmen who are on the rolls of the Company on the day of signing of

this settlement and who sign it.”

“27. SIGNING BY WORKMEN

It is further agreed that all the daily-rated permanent workmen who are on
the rolls of the Company, will sign this settlement as token of their

acceptance of the terms of this settlement and then only the settlement will
be applicable to them.”

Reverting to the Clause-22 of the settlement, the agreement was that

demand not specifically covered by the settlement shall be deemed to have

not been pressed by the union and thus the same will be treated as

withdrawn. Relying on this clause, it was argued that the original demand

was for and on behalf of the temporaries and casual workmen of the

companies and that has been withdrawn by the Union. As aforesaid,

management witness in his evidence has conceded that the dropping of

demand was in relation to different set of workmen and not the named

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workmen in Annexure-A to the complaint. At any rate, for the view that I

have taken, the workmen named in Annexure-A cannot be treated as

temporary and casual workmen, but those of the workmen who have

completed 240 days of uninterrupted service would be deemed permanent

workman and will have to be treated as daily rated permanent workman as

on 3rd February, 1999. Insofar as those workmen are concerned, the

demand of parity to be extended to such workmen cannot be said to have

been withdrawn under the settlement. Assuming that such a view was

possible, I am in agreement with the opinion recorded by the lower Court

that it would not preclude the named workmen to agitate before the court of

law that the settlement is prejudicial to their interest and not binding on

them.

14. To get over this position, Counsel for the Petitioner would

contend that such grievance cannot be put forth by the Union, who was

party to the settlement. According to the Petitioner, settlement would be

binding on all workmen as it has been entered with the registered and

recognized union. This argument has been rightly countered by the Counsel

for the Respondent by relying on the decision in the case of Oswal Agro

Furnace Ltd. vs. Workers Union reported in (2005) 3 SCC page 224, in

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particular paragraph-15 and 16 thereto, which takes the view that if

settlement arrived at is in effect opposed to the requirements of law, such

settlement will have to be treated as void for which no declaration would be

necessary. The voidness of such settlement can be considered even in a

collateral proceeding. Besides, I am in agreement with the argument of the

respondent union that even if the union has entered into settlement with the

management, it is open to the union to file complaint against the company

and management alleging commission of unfair labour practice within the

meaning of Item 6 of Schedule IV read with Section 21 of the MRTU &

PULP Act, 1971. As a matter of fact, section 21 of the Act, 1971 mandates

that such complaint should be filed only through a recognized union

alleging commission of unfair labour practice within the meaning of this

section. If it so, the named workmen have no other option but to pursue

their grievance through the respondent union. Therefore, institution of

complaint at the instance of such workmen by the Union inspite of being

party to the settlement would be a necessity due to the mandate of section

21 of the Act of 1971. Since the Complaint in relation to the unfair labour

practice in respect of Item 6 could be pursued by the named workmen only

through the Respondent Union, it was logical for the union to also espouse

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the cause of the stated workmen of unfair labour practice under Item 9 of

the Schedule IV.

15. Reverting to clause 26 of the settlement, it specifies that it is

applicable to the daily-rated permanent workmen and not to temporary,

casual, badli or other types of workmen, if any, for whom company was

entitled to lay down separate service condition. As aforesaid, even the de

jure permanent workmen are permanent workmen and therefore covered by

the term daily-rated permanent workers referred to in the settlement.

16. To my mind, clause 26 preserves the privilege of the Petitioner

company to provide for separate service condition only in respect of

temporary, casual, badli or other types of workmen(other than the daily-

rated permanent workmen). Since the workmen named in Annexure-A, in

law, are covered by the expression daily- rated permanent workmen, it will

not be open to the Petitioner company to provide for separate service

conditions qua them. According to the Petitioner, the later part of clause 26

is self eloquent as it indicates that the settlement will be applicable only to

those daily rated workmen, who are on the roll of the company on the date

of signing of the settlement and who sign it. This clause will have to be

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construed to mean that the settlement is applicable to those daily-rated

workmen, who are de facto permanent or de jure permanent on the relevant

date. Indeed, the names of the de facto permanent workmen would be on

the rolls of the company as permanent workmen; whereas de jure

permanent workmen would be deemed to be on the rolls of the company as

permanent workmen notwithstanding the fact that the Company has shown

them on the rolls of temporary workmen.

17.

Emphasis was then also placed on Clause 27 of the agreement,

which provides that all the daily-rated permanent workmen who are on the

rolls of Company will sign the settlement as token of their acceptance of

the terms of that settlement and then only the settlement will be applicable

to them. This clause does not militate against the claim of the workmen

named in the Annexure A to the complaint merely because they have been

wrongly treated as temporary workmen by the management inspite of the

fact that the law recognises them as permanent workmen, having

completed uninterrupted service of over 240 days on the relevant time in the

preceding 12 months of the calendar year. The fact that this workers did not

have the opportunity of signing the settlement does not mean they can be

deprived of the settlement. That is only a ministerial act to be performed

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once the named workmen are given the status of permanent workmen. Any

other view would result in perpetrating injustice and discrimination between

similarly placed persons.

18. Counsel for the Respondent has rightly invited my attention to

the dictum of the Apex Court in the case of Bajaj Auto Ltd. Vs. Bhojane

Gopinath [(2004) 9 SCC 488]. The Apex Court with particular reference to

the provision of the Industrial Employment (Standing Order) Act, 1946,

applicable in the State of Maharashtra after incorporating State amendment

together with the State Rules and Model Standing Orders prescribed

thereunder, held that subsection 2 of section 3 lays down that the provision

shall be made in such draft for every matter set out in the Schedule which

may be applicable to the industrial establishment, and where Model

Standing Orders have been prescribed, shall be, so far as is practicable, in

conformity with the model standing order. It is further held that under

section 4 Standing Orders shall be certifiable, if provision is made therein

for every matter set out in the Schedule, which is applicable to the industrial

establishment and the standing orders are otherwise in conformity with the

provisions of the Act. Inasmuch as, duty is cast on the certifying Officer

or the Appellate Authority to adjudicate upon the fairness and

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reasonableness of the provisions of any draft standing orders. In

paragraph-10, the Apex Court while considering the efficacy of rule 4-C

proceeded to observe thus:

“… Rule 4-C was incorporated in the Model Standing Orders which lays

down that a temporary workman who has put in 240 days’ uninterrupted
service in the aggregate in any establishment during a period of preceding
twelve calender months, shall be made permanent in that establishment by
order in writing signed by the Manager or any person authorised in that

behalf by the Manager, irrespective of whether or not his name is on the
muster roll of the establishment throughout the period of the said twelve
calendar months. Rule 4-C in the Model Standing Orders has been

incorporated relating to the matter set out in Item 10-C of the Schedule, as
such deletion of the said rule by the Certifying Officer, being in the teeth
of legislative command incorporated in the proviso to Section 3(1), was

wholly without jurisdiction and would make the order of the Certifying
Officer to that effect null and void and liable to be disregarded as it is well
settled that if an order is null and void, the same can be disregarded in
collateral proceeding or otherwise. Reference in this connection may be
made to decision of this Court in the case of Dhurandhar Prasad Singh v.

Jai Prakash University.”

Applying the principle expounded by the Apex Court, it would necessarily

follow that it was not open to the management to deprive deemed

permanent workmen of the benefit, which is extended to the permanent

workmen as on 3rd February, 1999. Any other view would necessarily

result in permitting the management to show favouritism to one set of

workers regardless of merits. Indeed, that situation would attract Item 5 of

Schedule IV which reads:

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“5. To show favouritism or partiality to one set of workers,
regardless of merits.”

This grievance is expressly noted in the complaint filed before the lower

Court. Amongst other in paragraph-3(c) whether the Respondent have

alleged that the Petitioners have discriminated discriminating amongst the

employees and are denying and depriving the permanency and its benefits

and privileges so also the benefits of the settlement dated 3 rd February,

1999, to the employees named in the Annexure-A to the Complaint. It is a

different matter that no specific relief is claimed by the union in the context

of item 5 of Schedule IV of the Act.

19. Counsel for the Respondent has rightly pressed into service

dictum of Apex Court in the case of Oswal Agro Furnace Ltd. V/s. Workers

Union reported in (2005) 3 SCC 224. In paragraph-15 of this decision, the

Apex Court has expounded that settlement within the meaning of section

2(p) read with sub section 3 of Section 18 of the Act undoubtedly binds the

workmen but the question which would arise is, would it mean that thereby

provisions contained in section 25-N and 25-O are not required to be

complied with ? It went on to answer the said question in the negative. It

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has further opined that settlement can be arrived at between the employer

and workmen. But, an Industrial dispute may arise as regards validity of a

retrenchment or a closure or otherwise. Such a settlement, however, as

regards retrenchment or closure can be arrived at provided such

retrenchment or closure has been effected in accordance with the law. In

paragraph-16 the Apex Court went on to observe as follows:

“16. It is trite that having regard to the maxim “ex turpi causa non oritur

actio”, an agreement which opposes public policy as laid down in terms of
Sections 25-N and 25-O of the Act would be void and of no effect.
Parliament has acknowledged the governing factors of such public policy.

Furthermore, the imperative character of the statutory requirements would
also be borne out from the fact that in terms of sub-section (7) of Section
25-N and sub-section (6) of Section 25-O, a legal fiction has been created.
The effect of such a legal fiction is now well known. (See East End
Dwellings Co.Ltd. v. Finsbury Borough Council, Om Hemrajani v. State

of U.P. And Maruti Udyog Ltd. v. Ram Lal.

Suffice it to observe that merely because the Respondent union is party to

the settlement dated 3rd February, 1999 that would not preclude the union to

espouse the cause of the workmen named in the Annexure-A to the

Complaint.

20. We may usefully refer to the decision of the Division Bench of

our High Court in the case of R.P.Sawant Vs. Bajaj Auto Ltd. (Supra). In

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paragraph-40 of this decision, settled legal position has been restated. The

Court observed thus:

“40. With regard to the Complaint of unfair labour practice under Item 9

of Schedule IV of the 1971 Act by contravention of Model Standing
Orders, Mr.Singh rightly urges that the learned Single Judge has dismissed
it without any reason. Mr. Singh rightly relied on the judgment of the
Division Bench of this Court in Borosil Glass Works Ltd. v. M.G.Chitale,
1974 I LLJ 184, and the judgment of the Division Bench of this Court in

The Premier Automobiles Ltd. v. The Engineering Mazdoor Sabha & Ors.
1976 ICR 206 as also the judgment of the Single Judge of this Court

(Nagpur Bench) in Mill Manager, S.R.Mills v. Industrial Court, Nagpur,
1987(1) Bom.C.R. 517, to urge that the provisions of Standing Orders –

whether Model or Service – are mandatory and contravention thereof will

be an unfair labour practice within the meaning of Item 9 of Schedule IV
of the 1971 Act.”(emphasis supplied)

Relying on this observation the Respondent would rightly argue that the

Petitioner having failed to recognize the workmen named in Annexure-A

have acted in contravention of Model Standing Order, that itself would

attract unfair labour practice within the meaning of item 9 of Schedule IV of

the Act. I am in agreement with this contention. In any case, for the

reasons already discussed in the earlier part of this order, I hold that the

workers named in Annexure-A to the complaint were entitled for the same

benefit provided to their counter-part daily rated permanent workmen under

the settlement dated 3rd February, 1999. For that reason, there has been

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failure on the part of the Petitioner-company to implement the said

settlement, attracting Item 9 of Schedule IV of the Act, 1971.

21. I shall now revert to the other contention canvassed on behalf

of the Petitioner. It was argued that the Petitioner had treated the named

workmen in Annexure-A to the Complaint as separate set of workers and

were being offered separate service conditions, which were permissible.

Indeed, this stand has been taken in the reply filed before the lower Court.

The question is: whether it was open to the Petitioner to treat the deemed

permanent workmen differently than the permanent workmen in service at

the relevant time. If this contention is to be accepted, it would inevitably

attract unfair labour practice within the meaning of Item 5 of Schedule IV.

As a matter of fact, the stand taken by the Petitioner presupposes that the

object of not recognizing the named workmen as permanent workmen was

with a view to deprive them of their status and privileges of permanency,

which were extended to the permanent employees. It was argued that the

Petitioner had consciously provided for separate service conditions for the

named workmen and if the Petitioner was required to treat these workmen

on par with the other permanent workmen, Petitioner would not be in a

position to bear the financial implications. It is not possible to countenance

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this argument. The fact that the Petitioner would suffer additional financial

burden, if the named workmen were to be treated on par with the permanent

workmen cannot be the basis to legitimize discriminatory treatment meeted

out to similarly placed workmen. As aforesaid, the named workmen though

treated temporary workmen by the Petitioner company, in fact, on account

of legal fiction were already permanent workmen on completion of 240

days’ continuous and uninterrupted service in the aggregate. On completion

of such qualifying service they have automatically acquired the status of

permanent workmen. In settlement, no reference is made to the fact that the

same is applicable only to workmen, who are appointed on or after a

particular date. The generality of provisions in clause 22, 26 and 27 cannot

be the basis to hold that there was express understanding or for that matter

implied settlement that workmen appointed on or after 1996, 1998 will be

covered by separate service conditions. That is not the settlement between

the Petitioner and the Union. Suffice it to mention that similar argument

regarding financial implications was considered by the Apex Court in the

case of Chief Conservator of Forests (Supra) and came to be negatived on

the reasoning that the same is one of desperation or in terrorem. The Court

opined that the fact remains that on the finding that the Petitioner has

indulged in commission of unfair labour practice within the meaning of

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Item 6 as well as Item 9, it is the duty of the Court to issue appropriate

direction to meet the ends of justice.

22. It was then argued that the allegation on the basis of which the

Union instituted complaint was barred by limitation. Inasmuch as,

appointment of concerned workmen was in 1996, 1997 and 1998

respectively, whereas complaint is filed on 17th October, 2002. It was also

argued that the demand regarding permanency of the named workmen was

given up while entering into settlement on 3rd February, 1999. Taking last

argument first, the same is already dealt with in the earlier part of this

Judgment. In the first place, the management witness has conceded in his

evidence that dropping of demand was in respect of different set of workers.

In any case, named workmen cannot be denuded of their right to agitate

about the illegality and unfair labour practice committed by the Petitioner

qua them. Insofar as the claim being barred by limitation and the Industrial

Court could not have entertained complaint unless delay in filing complaint

is condoned is concerned, the same is ill-advised. It is well established

position that unfair labour practice referable to Item 6, Item 9 are continuing

and recurring in nature, as has been found in the case of Maharashtra State

Co-op. Cotton Growers Marketing Federation Ltd. & Anr. V/s. Maharashtra

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State Co-op. Cotton Growers Marketing Federation Emp.Union & Ors.

reported in 1992 1 CLR 350. The substance of the grievance of the named

workmen is that they were denied wages and benefits as made available to

their counter-part permanent workmen in terms of settlement dated 3rd

February,1999. Non-payment of wages on par would give rise to the

recurring cause of action. If it is so, question of complaint in relation to

such unfair labour practice being barred by limitation does not arise.

23.

It was also argued that there is no pleading in the complaint to

the effect that breach has been committed qua the named workmen in

relation to the settlement to attract item 9 of Schedule IV. This argument

deserves to be stated to be rejected. The complaint, if read as a whole, there

is sufficient reference to the act of commission and omission of the

Petitioner resulting in breach of settlement attracting Item 9 of the Schedule

IV of the Act. In paragraph-3(d) of the complaint, it is asserted that no

satisfactory reply was given by the Petitioner-company for having failed to

comply with the settlement dated 6th December, 1971 or the award dated 19th

March, 1980 or the settlement dated 21st February, 1996 and settlement

dated 3rd February, 1999. It is further asserted that the Petitioner-company

continued to breach/violate the said settlements and award thereby denying

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and depriving the employees named in Annexure-A to the Complaint the

status of permanency and its benefits and privileges, knowingly and

deliberately. Suffice it to observe that on a fair reading of the complaint as

a whole, it makes out a clear case for attracting Item 9 of Schedule IV of the

Act.

24. It was also argued that relief in terms of prayer clause (d) was

unavailable to the Respondent in absence of pleadings in respect of non-

compliance of settlement dated 21st February, 1996. In the first place, this

argument overlooks the nature of final relief granted by the Industrial Court.

The Industrial Court has declared that the Petitioner has engaged in unfair

labour practice under item 6 and 9 of the Schedule IV of the Act and

directed the Petitioner to cease and desist from engaging in such practice.

The Lower Court has further declared that employees concerned are entitled

for status of permanency as well as permanency benefits in pursuance of the

agreements entered into by the Respondent union with effect from the date

of completion of 18 months continuous service by the concerned each

employee. On the finding recorded by the lower Court, direction as issued

against the Petitioner was inevitable, rather it was the duty of the Industrial

Court to issue such direction.

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25. It was next contended that the evidence adduced by the

Respondent-union was clearly in variance with the case made out in the

complaint and was in relation to the matters, which have already been given

up by the union. The argument though attractive, at the first blush, will

have to be stated to be rejected. The lower Court has decided the matter on

the basis of relevant facts, which have been either admitted by the Petitioner

company in its pleadings or in evidence by its witness. Even this Court has

proceeded on the same basis. The facts which have been referred to in the

earlier part of the Judgment, in no way, are disputed. Rather those facts are

indisputable. In the circumstances, it is not necessary to burden this

Judgment with the nature of variance in the evidence and the related issues,

as those aspect will not take the matter any further for the Petitioner.

26. During the course of argument, it was contended on behalf of

the Petitioner that although original complaint was filed to espouse the

cause of 21 workmen named in Annexure-A to the Complaint, however, out

of the said 21 workmen 16 workmen have already accepted the offer made

to them by the Petitioner company. Whereas, only five workmen amongst

21 workmen have accepted the offer without prejudice to their rights and

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contention in the pending proceedings. That development will be of no

avail to the Petitioner. The fact remains that atleast five employees have

persisted with their demand for permanency and giving parity alongwith

other daily rated permanent workmen employed by the Petitioner. The

claim put forth on behalf of the said five workmen will have to be accepted

on the finding that the petitioner-company will be obliged to comply with

the mandate of law by treating each of the workmen who has become

permanent on completion of qualifying service and as a consequence grant

same benefits extended to other permanent workmen employed during the

relevant time.

27. It was also contended that the lower Court has not recorded a

clear finding about breach of Item 9 of Schedule IV of the Act. It has only

recorded the fact that the workmen were not party to the settlement, for

which the settlement was not binding on them. In my opinion, the Judgment

of the Industrial Court has mixed up the discussion with regard to the

violation of two separate items of Schedule IV. It would have been

appropriate, if the Court below were to deal with each item separately so

that a clear finding in respect of each item could be discerned. Suffice it to

observe that it is not as if the lower Court has not recorded any finding

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regarding violation of item 9 of Schedule IV. If the Judgment from

paragraph-10 on wards till paragraph-19 is read as a whole, it would appear

that the lower Court has addressed to the violation of both the items albeit

together. In my opinion, some error here or there cannot be the basis to

overturn the entire Judgment of the lower Court, which is otherwise based

on tangible material and cogent basis.

28. It was then argued that the question regarding applicability of

settlement could not be gone into while considering complaint under the

provisions of Act of 1971. To buttress this submission, reliance was placed

on the general observations made by the Apex Court in Cipla Ltd. Vs.

Maharashtra General Kamgar Union & Ors. [(2001) 3 SCC 101]. This

argument deserves to be stated to be rejected. Inasmuch as, it is not the case

of the Petitioner that there was no relationship of employer and employee.

Once relationship was indisputable, all incidental matters to answer the

claim in the complaint was required to be addressed by the Industrial Court

for complete and effectual adjudication of the complaint. In that context,

the Court below was required to consider as to whether the settlement dated

3rd February, 1999 and/or other settlements were applicable to the deemed

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permanent workmen, such as named workmen in Annexure-A to the

complaint.

29. Taking over all view of the matter, therefore, Petition is devoid

of merits. The same should fail. Accordingly, the Petition is dismissed with

costs.

30. At this stage, Counsel for the Petitioner prays that interim

arrangement operating during the pendency of the Petition be continued for

some time to enable the Petitioner to carry the matter in appeal.

Accordingly, it is ordered that the interim arrangement, which operated

during the pendency of this Petition shall continue till 31st January, 2009.

(A.M.KHANWILKAR,J)

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