IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
LPA No. 389 of 2006 & CM No. 11883/06
Reserved on: May 27, 2008
Date of Judgment: August 8, 2008
DR. (MRS.) KUSUM NEHRA ..... Appellant
Through : Mr. Rakesh K. Khanna, Senior Advocate
with Mr. I.B. Gaur, Mr. S.S. Nehra, Mr. Faizy
Ahmad Syed and Ms. Swati, Advocates
versus
Dr. B.R. AMBEDKAR COLLEGE THR.
ITS PRINCIPAL & ORS. ..... Respondents
Through : Mr. Amit Bansal, Advocate for R-1.
Mr. Anurag Mathur, Advocate for R-3.
Mr. Arvind Nayar with Mr. Vikas Kumar,
Advocates for R-4/GNCT.
CORAM:
HON'BLE THE CHIEF JUSTICE
HON'BLE DR. JUSTICE S. MURALIDHAR
1. Whether Reporters of local papers may be
allowed to see the judgment? Yes
2. To be referred to the Reporter or not? Yes
3. Whether the judgment should be reported in Yes
Digest?
JUDGMENT
Dr. S. Muralidhar, J.
1. This appeal is directed against the judgment dated 9 th January 2006 passed
by the learned Single Judge dismissing the appellant‟s Writ Petition (C) No.
4497 of 2004 whereby she had challenged the appointments of the 5th and 6th
respondent to the post of Lecturer (Hindi) in the Dr. Bhim Ambedkar College
LPA No. 389/2006 Page 1 of 15
(1st Respondent) which is affiliated to the University of Delhi (3rd
Respondent).
2. On 30th June 2001 the Respondent No.3 notified vacancies in the post of
Lecturer in various subjects including Hindi and invited applications from
eligible candidates. One of the requirements was that the candidate should
shave qualified the National Eligibility Test („NET‟) for Lecturers conducted
by the University Grants Commission (UGC)/Centre for Scientific and
Industrial Research or similar test accredited by the UGC. In a note
appended to the paragraph concerning qualifications it was clarified that “the
candidates who have completed M.Phil degree or have submitted Ph.D thesis
in the concerned subject up to 31st December 1993 are exempted from
qualifying NET.”
3. In her writ petition, the appellant challenged the appointment of
Respondent No.5 on two grounds. The first was that he had not submitted his
application before the deadline i.e. 15th July 2001. The second was that he did
not possess the NET qualification as on the last date for the submission of the
application. He also did not submit his Ph.D thesis before 31st December
1993.
LPA No. 389/2006 Page 2 of 15
4. The stand taken by the College was that although the Respondent No.5 did
not possess the NET qualification, he had been awarded Ph.D in March 2001,
i.e. prior to the date of the advertisement which was 31st June 2001. The
College also relied on a notification dated 31st July 2002 issued by the UGC
whereby the criterion concerning submission of Ph.D. thesis was modified
and those who had submitted Ph.D. thesis on or before 31st December 2002
were also made eligible for being considered. The interviews for the post
took place thereafter and by that time the UGC notification had been issued.
It was accordingly contended that there was no invalidity attaching to the
selection of Respondent No.5.
5.1 The learned Single Judge did not consider the issue concerning the failure
of Respondent No.5 to submit his application form in time. As regards the
his not possessing the NET qualification, the learned Single Judge in para 17
of the impugned judgment held:
“17. ….The argument of the petitioner seen in the
perspective of the above principle has considerable
force. The 5th respondent undoubtedly did not
possess NET qualification. He also had not
submitted the Ph.D. thesis on or before
31.12.1993. On a straight-forward application of
the principles evolved by the Supreme Court the
petitioner would have (been) entitled to relief.”
5.2 However, the learned Single Judge sought to balance equities and invoke
the logic of the UGC notification which was to ensure that “candidates with
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uniform acceptable, minimum academic standard are selected and appointed
to the post of Lecturers.” Thereafter the learned Single Judge concluded:
“If one considers the logic of this requirement,
along with the objective for extension of the date
of submission, to 31.12.2002, arising by virtue of
the notification of the UGC, it becomes apparent
that the 5th respondent had the necessary
qualification of the minimum standard, as on the
date of the notification. While there is and cannot
of controversy that on plain interpretation of the
advertisement, the 5th respondent had not
submitted his thesis before 31.12.1993, yet judged
from the larger requirement of having to possess
the uniform standard, he was eligible as on the date
of his application by virtue of the subsequent UGC
notification dated 31.7.2002.”
5.3 The learned Single Judge noted that during the pendency of the petition,
the appellant herein had secured appointment in another institution as a
Lecturer (Hindi). Also, even before the appellant approached this Court,
another advertisement had been issued in 2003 for filling up two vacancies in
the college and therefore, “it would not be a sound exercise of jurisdiction to
quash the appointments of the said respondent.”
6. At one stage of the present appeal, this Court was informed that the
College wanted to offer permanent appointment to both the appellant as well
as Respondent No.5. At the hearing on 8th May 2008, the appellant through
her counsel conveyed her willingness to accept the appointment, not object to
the appointment of Respondent No.5 and forgo the arrears of salary subject to
LPA No. 389/2006 Page 4 of 15
her being given seniority from the date on which the Respondent No.5 was
appointed. Learned counsel for the College then sought time for obtaining
instructions. Thereafter this Court was informed by the counsel for the
College at the hearing on 27th May 2008 that there were no vacancies and
therefore the offer made earlier was no longer open.
7. Mr. Rakesh Khanna, learned Senior counsel appearing for the Appellant
reiterated the grounds of challenge raised by the appellant before the learned
Single Judge. As regards the failure of Respondent No.5 to submit his
application within time, he drew attention to the averment in the writ petition
and to the fact that there was no denial thereof in the reply of the Respondent
No.5. He pointed out that the College had appointed a Committee chaired by
Mr. Anil Nauriya to enquire into the matter. The Committee after examining
the records found that the Respondent No.5 had in fact not submitted his
application in time. The Committee had further recommended that the
Appellant should have been offered permanent appointment as Lecturer
(Hindi) from the very day in December 2002 on which the Respondent No.5
had been appointed.
8. Mr.Khanna further submitted that although the Appellant was working in
another college at present she had not given up her claim to the post of
Lecturer (Hindi) in the Respondent No.1 College. The learned Single Judge
having arrived at a factual finding that the Respondent No.5 did not possess
LPA No. 389/2006 Page 5 of 15
the NET qualification as on 15th July 2001 and had not submitted the Ph.D.
thesis on or before 31st December 1993, there was no alternative but quash
the illegal appointment of Respondent No.5. Mr. Khanna submitted that the
notification dated 31st July 2002 issued by the UGC was prospective. He
relied upon the judgments of the Supreme Court in N.T. Devin Katti v.
Karnataka Public Service Commissioner (1990) 3 SCC 157, P.Mahendran
v. State of Karnataka 1990 (1) SCC 411, Gopal Krishna Rath v. M.A.A.
Baig (dead) by LRs 1999 (1) SCC 544 and Secretary, A.P. Service
Commision v. B.Swapana (2005) 4 SCC 154 to contend that the eligibility
criteria could not be changed retrospectively and after the last date for the
submission of applications.
9. Mr.Khanna finally submitted that as on the date of issuing the further
advertisement for further vacancies, the Appellant‟s name was still on the
select list of candidates prepared pursuant to the interviews held for the post.
Therefore, the Appellant could have easily been appointed against those
vacancies with effect from the date on which the Respondent No.5 was
appointed.
10. On behalf of the Respondent No.1 College it is submitted by Mr. Amit
Bansal, learned counsel, that as per the records of the College the application
submitted by Respondent No.5 was undated. However in the written
submission it is sought to be contended that even the Appellant‟s application
LPA No. 389/2006 Page 6 of 15
was undated. Nevertheless, it is not denied that the Respondent No.5 did not
submit his application before the deadline whereas there is no such averment
is made in respect of the Appellant.
11. It was then contended by Mr.Bansal that the UGC notification was
brought into force “with immediate effect.” Since the interviews for the three
vacancies were held in December 2002, by which time the said notification
had issued, the Respondent No.5 was extended the benefit of such
notification. There were only three vacancies for which a select list of five
candidates was prepared. In terms of Ordinance 12 of Delhi University
Ordinances, the select list was valid only while the vacancies existed.
Therefore, the select list could not have been kept alive for filling up
vacancies which occurred thereafter. In any event, irrespective of non-expiry
of the validity period of the select list, if the vacancies were filled up the list
stood exhausted. He placed reliance upon the judgment in Madan Lal v.
State of J & K 1995 (3) SCC 486 and Surinder Singh v. State of Punjab
1996 (4) SCC 319. Finally it is contended that the Respondent No. 5 had
been regularly employed and continued to function as a Lecturer in the
College since 29th December 2002. The Appellant was regularly appointed as
a Lecturer in another College under the Delhi University since November
2004. Therefore, it would not be equitable to remove the Respondent No.5
from service at this stage. It is contended that the Appellant challenged the
appointment made in December 2002 belatedly in the year 2004 and that if
LPA No. 389/2006 Page 7 of 15
the equities were to be balanced no interference with the impugned judgment
of the learned Single Judge was called for.
12. On behalf of the Respondent No.5 it is submitted that by a letter dated
27th April 2007 the College had informed its Advocate that the Respondent
No.5 had submitted his application before the last date i.e. 15 th July 2001 and
his name had appeared at Sl. No. 35 in the synopsis showing that 84
candidates which were sent to the University for scrutiny. Therefore, there
was no merit in the contention that the Respondent No.5 had submitted his
application form beyond the deadline. The eligibility criterion was usually
determined only with reference to the date of the interview and as per the
prevalent practice the UGC notification would apply. As regards the
recommendation of Nauriya Committee, it is submitted that Respondent No.5
was not heard by the Committee and therefore its recommendations would
not bind him.
13. The first issue concerns the date of submission of the application for the
post by Respondent No.5. A specific averment was made by the Petitioner in
para 4 (c) of the writ petition that “Respondent No.5 did not apply in
response to the advertisement dated 30th June 2001 because he was not
qualified on 15th July 2001 which was the last date for submitting the
applications.” In the counter affidavit before the learned Single Judge the
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College did not deny this averment at all. In reply to para 4 (c) it was stated
as under:
“4(c) In reply to para (c) it is submitted that the
advertisement appeared on 30.6.2001. As per
application from dated NIL available on the record
of the college, Dr. M.P. Singh had been
awarded/conferred Ph.D. degree on 1.3.2001 i.e. 4
months before the issue of advertisement. Photo
copy of the Ph.D. degree is attached marked as
Annexure „A‟. However, the qualification of NET
is not required for candidates with Ph.D. degree
before December 2002 which exemption was
applicable in the case of Dr. M.P. Singh, so
respondent no.5 was qualified for the post. Before
the college processed for interview, all the
applications received were sent to the Head of
Department of Hindi for scrutiny and after having
their recommendations/ approval vide University
letter dated 9th December 2002 interview letters
were sent to all eligible candidates including
reserved category by adhering strictly to the
modified and amended ordinance of UGC referred
to in the aforesaid letter.”
14. In the reply of the Respondent No.5 (filed in the present appeal), it is
stated as under:
“5. The contents of para 3 (c) are wrong and
denied. It is wrong to say that the answering
Respondent No.5 did not apply in response to the
advertisement dated 30.6.2001 whereas the fact
remains the answering Respondent No.5 had
applied as he had already appeared in various
NET/SLET exams. As regards the averments that
the answering Respondent submitted an
application without date after the last date and on
22.11.2002, the same is also wrong and denied,
whereas from the perusal of the representation as
available at Annexure A-2, it is clear that the
answering Respondent had applied against the
advertisement and further informed the College
LPA No. 389/2006 Page 9 of 15
authorities about the eligibility as the answering
respondent had acquired the Degree prior to
31.12.2002.”
15. As can be seen from the above replies, there has been no categorical
denial of the averment made by the Petitioner that the Respondent No.5 had
not submitted application form before the deadline. Mr. Bansal, learned
counsel for the College was asked to examine the records and inform this
Court of the correct factual position. In the written submission, he stated that
out of 84 application forms received in response to the advertisement, “57
application forms, including that of the Appellant and Respondent No5, did
not indicate a date thereon.” However, there is no categorical statement as to
when the application form of Respondent No.5 was received by the College.
In fact there is no denial that the said application form was not received
before the deadline. What is now sought to be contended that the Appellant‟s
form was also undated and therefore the Appellant and the Respondent No.5
were no differently placed. This submission is untenable. It was never the
case of anybody before the learned Single Judge or before this Court that the
Appellant had not submitted her application form within time. It is
unfortunate that the College has not been able to give a clear picture in this
regard to the Court despite several opportunities.
16. On a consideration of the above pleadings the only conclusion possible is
that there is no factual denial of the submission made by the Petitioner that
the Respondent No.5 did not submit his application before the deadline.
LPA No. 389/2006 Page 10 of 15
However, in the considered view of this Court, the issue of the validity of the
appointment of Respondent No.5 need not be decided on this ground alone.
17. The effect of the UGC notification dated 31st July 2002 which is relied
upon by both the College and Respondent No.5 to explain his not possessing
a NET qualification and not submitting his Ph.D thesis before 31st December
1993 is to be considered next. The UGC notification as extracted in the
impugned order of the learned Single Judge itself indicates that the
Amendment Regulation “shall come into force with immediate effect.” In
the circumstances there is no question of the notification being
retrospectively applicable from any earlier date. Where, as in the instant case,
when the advertisement inviting applications does not mention any cut-off
date with reference to which the eligibility of the candidate is to be
determined, it has to be taken to be the last date for submitting the
application. Further, an eligibility criteria which might undergo a change
after the last date of submission of applications, cannot obviously be given
retrospective effect since that would be to the disadvantage of those who
might have applied had they been aware of such a contemplated change. The
inevitable conclusion is that, as far as the present case is concerned, the
eligibility condition concerning the submission of Ph.D thesis was that which
was in force on the last date of Respondent No.5 having to submit the
application for the post.
LPA No. 389/2006 Page 11 of 15
18. The law in this regard has been explained by the Supreme Court in
several decisions. In Secretary, A.P. Public Service Commission (supra) it
was held:
“16. The High Court has committed an error in
holding that the amended rule was operative. As
has been fairly conceded by learned counsel for the
applicant-respondent No.1 it was un-amended rule
which was applicable. Once a process of
selection starts, the prescribed selection criteria
cannot be changed. The logic behind the same
is based on fair play. A person who did not
apply because a certain criteria e.g. minimum
percentage of marks can make a legitimate
grievance, in case the same is lowered, that he
could have applied because he possessed the
said percentage. Rules regarding qualification
for appointment if amended during continuance
of the process of selection do not affect the
same. That is because every statute or statutory
rule is prospective unless it is expressly or by
necessary implication made to have
retrospective effect. Unless there are words in the
Statute or in the Rules showing the intention to
affect existing rights the rule must be held to be
prospective. If the Rule is expressed in a language
which is fairly capable of either interpretation it
ought to be considered as prospective only. (See
P.Mahendran and Ors. v. State of Karnataka and
Ors. etc. (1990 (1) SCC 411) and Gopal Krishna
Rath v. M.A.A. Baig (dead) by Lrs. And Ors.
(1999 (1) SCC 544).” (emphasis supplied)
19. This Court is, therefore, unable to agree with the conclusion arrived at by
the learned Single Judge that the benefit of the UGC notification dated 31 st
July 2002 could have been extended to validate the appointment of
Respondent No.5.
LPA No. 389/2006 Page 12 of 15
20. This Court is not impressed by the submission of the respondents that the
writ petition of the Appellant was barred by laches. The records show that
the Appellant had been making representations soon after coming to know of
the appointment of the Respondent No.5 to the post. Therefore, this is not a
ground on which the challenge to the validity of the appointment of
Respondent No.5 by the Appellant can be negatived.
21. In the circumstances, this Court holds that the appointment of Respondent
No.5 to the post of Lecturer (Hindi) was not valid. The consequence would
be that the post would be treated as continuing to remain unfilled as on the
date Respondent No.5 was appointed. The College will now proceed on this
basis and if the next candidate in the list who is willing to accept the post is
the appellant, then it should appoint her to the post. Consequently, there is no
need to examine the question whether de hors the appointment of Respondent
No.5 the appellant could be offered the post on the basis that the select list in
which her name figures could be operated for future vacancies.
22. On the question of balancing equities, this Court is of the view that in
matters concerning eligibility and appointment to educational institutions, the
Court should refrain from permitting a lowering of standards only because it
has been presented with a fait accompli. The very nature of judicial
proceedings is such that with the passage of time, parties may have continued
LPA No. 389/2006 Page 13 of 15
in the position they were when the litigation commenced. Respondent No.5
knew throughout that his appointment would be subject the result of this
litigation. In fact the learned Single Judge had even at an early stage of the
writ petition directed, by an order dated 24th March 2004, that any
appointment to the post of Lecturer (Hindi) would be subject to further
orders. Therefore merely because the Respondent No.5 has been working
from December 2002 onwards cannot create any equity in his favour. Also,
the appellant appears to be still interested in the post. In the circumstances, it
would be unfair to deny her the consequential relief when she has succeeded
in demonstrating that the appointment of Respondent No.5 to the post was
illegal and invalid. Therefore, even on this aspect we are unable to concur
with impugned order of the learned Single Judge.
23. The impugned judgment of the learned Single Judge is accordingly set
aside and it is hereby declared that the appointment of Respondent No.5 to
the post of Lecturer (Hindi) was invalid. The Respondent No.1 College will
within a period of four weeks from today take consequential action in the
manner explained in para 21 above. If none of the eligible candidates in the
list is willing to accept the appointment for any reason within a period of four
weeks from being informed by the College, then the post will be advertised
and a fresh appointment made in terms of the prevalent rules. As regards
Respondent No.5, while he will cease to remain as Lecturer (Hindi)
forthwith, the service already rendered by him in the post will not count for
any benefit whatsoever. However, the salary paid to Respondent No.5 while
LPA No. 389/2006 Page 14 of 15
he was working as Lecturer (Hindi) will not be recovered. Also, subject to his
fulfilling all criteria as per the prevalent rules, it will be open to Respondent
No.5 to apply afresh for the post, if it is advertised for being filled up.
24. The appeal is, accordingly, allowed with costs of Rs.10,000/- each
which will be paid by the Respondent No.1 College and Respondent No.5 to
the Appellant within a period of four weeks from today.
25. The appeal and the pending application stand disposed of.
S. MURALIDHAR, J.
CHIEF JUSTICE
AUGUST 8, 2008
rk
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