PETITIONER: SUPREME COURT LEGAL AID COMMITTEE Vs. RESPONDENT: UNION OF INDIA & ORS. DATE OF JUDGMENT17/03/1989 BENCH: MISRA RANGNATH BENCH: MISRA RANGNATH VENKATACHALLIAH, M.N. (J) CITATION: 1989 AIR 1278 1989 SCR (2) 60 1989 SCC (2) 325 JT 1989 (1) 549 1989 SCALE (1)651 ACT: Juvenile Justice Act, 1986: Sections 2(e), 5, 9, 10, 11 and 62. Juveniles detained in regular jails--Exa ct number--Determination of--Setting up of juveni le courts--Establishment of--Juveniles homes--Speci al homes--Observation homes--Framing of statutory rules--Dire c- tions of Supreme Court. Children--Need protective umbrella of society for bett er growth and development--Responsibility of society--Paramou nt obligation of those who are in charge of the governance of the country. HEADNOTE: Pursuant to the directions made by the Supreme Cour t, with a view to providing relief to delinquent childr en detained in jails, in 1986 the District Judges of the enti re country supplied the particulars of under trial and convic t- ed children found in regular jails within their jurisdi c- tion. With the passage of time and the coming into force of the Juvenile Justice Act, 1986 it became necessary to g et fresh detailed reports for updating the information. The Supreme Court issued directions and, HELD: 1. Children require the protective umbrella of society for better growth and development as they are not in a position to claim their entitlement--to attention, growi ng up, food, education and the like. It is the responsibili ty of the society and is one of the paramount obligations of those who are in charge of governance of the country tod ay to attend to the children to make them appropriate citize ns of tomorrow. [64A-B] 2. Every District Judge is directed to report to th is Court the figures as to the exact number of delinque nt juveniles still detained in regular jails and whether juv e- nile courts, juvenile homes, special homes and observatio ns homes as provied in the Juvenile Justice Act, 1986 have be en established. [62H; 63A] 61 2.1 A Senior Advocate of this Court is appointed as Commissioner to visit the jails in the three Districts of the State of Bihar, viz. Deogarh, Patna and Bhagalpur a nd collect the necessary particulars of juvenile delinquen ts housed in those jails and report to this Court. He shall be provided all facilities by the State Government and sha ll also be entitled to reimbursement of his expense s. [64H;65A-B] 3. Section 62 of the Juvenile Justice Act, 1986 empowe rs the State Government to make rules to carry out the purpos es of the Act. The scheme of the Act is such that it cannot be properly enforced unless appropriate rules are framed a nd brought into force. The District Judges while making the ir reports shall also indicate whether rules have been fram ed and whether such rules are already in force. Counsel for t he respective States are directed to inform this Court by written Memorandum about the framing of rules and bringi ng them into force in the--respective States. If such rul es have not been framed in any State, such State or States a re directed to frame the same and bring them into force witho ut any further delay. [63C-E] 4. For facilitating the monitoring of the implementati on of the Juvenile Justice Act, 1986, a group of nominat ed advocates is entrusted with the work of making a dra ft Scheme and placing it before the Court for its consider a- tion. [64D-E] 5. The Registry of this Court should have appropria te funds to meet the expenses from time to time. The Union of India is directed to deposit a sum of Rs.50,000 while ea ch of the States of Bihar and West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh is directed to deposit a sum of Rs.15,000. [65B-C] JUDGMENT:
ORIGINAL JURISDICTION: Writ Petition (Criminal) No. 1
45
1 of 1985.
(Under Article 32 of the Constitution of India. )
R.K. Jain and Yogeshwar Prasad, R.K. Khanna, R.K. Bha
tt
and Dalveer Bhandari for the Petitioner.
V.C. Mahajan, Tapas Ray, A.S. Nambiar, S.B. Bhasm
e,
Kapil Sibal, R.B. Misra, A. Subhashini, Y.P. Rao, Ms.
S.
Janani, Ms. Urmila Kapur, D.K. Sinha, J.R. Dass, P.K. Man
o-
har, Ms. S. Vasudevan, M. Veerappa, Uma Nath, R.K. Mehta,
V.
Krishnamurthy, A.S. Bhasme, K.R. Nambiar, B.D Sharma, Ka
i-
lash Vasudev, D.N.
62
Mukherjee, D. Goburdhan, Ms. Kamini Jaiswal, T.V.S.N. Char
i,
Mahabir Singh, Probir Chowdhry, M.N. Shroff, A. Subba Ra
o,
R.S. Suri, G. Probhakar, K. Ram. Kumar, S.K. Bhattachary
a,
L.R. Singh, A.K. Sanghi, C.V. Subba Rao, R. Venkataraman
i,
Salman Khurshid, Gopal Singh, Mrs. Vimla Sinha and Mrs.
H.
Wahi for the Respondents.
The following Order of the Court was delivered:
ORDER
This writ petition filed in 1985 has been heard
on
different occasions and several orders and directions ha
ve
been made from time to time with a view to providing reli
ef
to delinquent children detained in jails. On August 2
9,
1988, this Court made an order (1988 4 SCC 226) wherein so
me
such directions have been excerpted and it is not necessa
ry
to make any detailed reference to those directions now.
In 1986 the District Judges of the entire country
in
response to the directions made by this Court supplie
d,
inter alia, the particulars of under trial and convict
ed
children found in regular jails within their respecti
ve
jurisdiction. On the basis of the said reports it was fou
nd
that in Assam, Bihar, Orissa, Punjab and West Bengal, t
he
number of such children in regular jails was 64, 247, 60,
63
and 437 respectively. There was no such child in any regul
ar
jail of Gujarat but in varying numbers not exceeding 30
to
35 they were found in other States. Thereafter some of t
he
States have filed affidavits indicating release from custo
dy
or transfer of such children from jails and have stated th
at
the position at present is very different and the number
is
either nil or negligible.
With the lapse of two years’ time since such reporti
ng
was done there is every likelihood of a change in th
at
position. Even otherwise, in the intervening period t
he
Juvenile Justice Act, 53 of 1986, (hereinafter referred
to
as the ‘Act’) has come into force in the whole of the cou
n-
try excepting the State of Jammu & Kashmir with effect fr
om
2.10.1987. The Act provides for setting up of juveni
le
homes, special homes and observation homes by the Sta
te
Governments. Chapter IV provides for dealing with delinque
nt
juveniles. In this back-drop it is necessary to get fre
sh
detailed reports from the District Judges and update t
he
figures as to the exact number of delinquent juveniles,
as
defined in s. 2(a) of the Act, still detained in regul
ar
jails. At the same time it is necessary that a report as
to
whether juvenile
63
Courts as required under s. 5 of the Act have been set
up
and juvenile homes, special homes and observation homes ha
ve
been established as required by ss. 9, 10, and 11 should
be
obtained. Every District Judge is, therefore, directed
by
this order to report within 4 weeks from today to the Regi
s-
try of this Court through the Registrar of the appropria
te
High Court as to the exact position obtaining on 28.2. 19
89
in regard to the particulars indicated above. We would li
ke
to place on record that on the earlier occasion response
to
directions by this Court had taken more than six month
s;
repetitive adjournments had become necessary and complian
ce
was effected by indicating coercive steps. We hope and tru
st
there would be no repetition.
Section 62 of the Act empowers the State Governments
to
make rules to carry out the purposes of the Act. The sche
me
of the Act is such that it cannot be properly enforc
ed
unless apropriate rules are framed and brought into forc
e.
Counsel appearing before us for the different States are n
ot
in a position to make a definite statement that the Stat
es
they represent have framed rules and brought them in
to
force. We, therefore, direct that the District Judges whi
le
making their reports shall also indicate whether rules ha
ve
been framed and whether such rules are already in forc
e.
Counsel appearing before us are also directed to inform t
he
Registry by written memorandum about the framing of rul
es
and bringing them into force in the respective States.
If
such rules have not been framed in any State, by this ord
er
we direct such State or States to frame the same on
or
before 7th of April, 1989 and to bring them into for
ce
without any further delay thereafter.
Section 2(h) defines ‘juvenile’ to mean:
“a boy who has not attained the age of sixteen years or
a
girl who has not attained the age of eighteen years.”
Official reports indicate that 35 to 40 per cent of t
he
total population of the country would be covered by t
he
definition. As such about 30 crores of young boys and gir
ls
come within the purview of the Act. There can be no t
wo
opinions that these children of today are the citizens
of
tomorrow’s India and the country’s future would necessari
ly
depend upon their proper hygiene–physical and mental. T
he
problem is, therefore, gigantic; at the same time, there
is
demand for immediate attention. Several counsel appeari
ng
before us have told us and we agree with their submissio
ns
that unless the importance of the matter is properly pe
r-
ceived and the response is adequate both in
64
regard to sufficiency of actions and immediacy of attentio
n,
the purpose of the Act cannot be fulfilled. Children requi
re
the protective umbrella of society for better growth a
nd
development as they are not in a position to claim the
ir
entitlement–to attention, growing up, food, education a
nd
the like. It is the responsibility of the society and is o
ne
of the paramount obligations of those who are in charge
of
governance of the country today to attend to the children
to
make them appropriate citizens of tomorrow.
We are of the view that in the setting indicated t
he
matter perhaps requires overseeing by the Court. For coord
i-
nation between the Union Government and the State Governme
nt
and between authorities within the State, at the initi
al
stage and it would be in the interest of children that t
he
matter is obverseen by this Court and when the machinery
is
properly geared the responsibility of overseeing may
be
entrusted to the respective High Courts.
With a view to working out the modality and to ma
ke
overseeing convenient, it is necessary that a scheme shou
ld
be evolved. Counsel appearing before us have suggested th
at
a group of advocates should be entrusted with the work
of
making a draft scheme and place it before the Court for i
ts
consideration. We accordingly nominate Messrs V.C. Mahaja
n,
Yogeshwar Prasad, R.K. Jain, Tapas Roy and Mukul Mudgal w
ho
are advocates appearing for some of the States to draw up
a
scheme and file it in the Registry of the Court by 7
th
April, 1989.
As we pointed out earlier from the reports it has be
en
found that the number of children in regular jails were t
he
highest in West Bengal and Bihar. Mr. Tapas Roy representi
ng
the State of West Bengal relies upon an affidavit fil
ed
before this Court to contend that the position has substa
n-
tially changed subsequent to the reports and at prese
nt
perhaps the number of children in regular jails is eith
er
nil or very small. He has personally undertaken to colle
ct
the particulars and furnish the same by way of the memora
n-
dum to the Registry on or before 7th of April, 1989. So f
ar
as the State of Bihar is concerned, Mr. Goburdhan is not
in
a position to make any statement. From the analysis prepar
ed
based upon the report of the District Judges, it appea
rs
that there were 27 children in the District Jail of Deogar
h,
about 13 in the jails at Patna and 17 in the jails at Bh
a-
galpur. We are of the view that Mr. A.S. Nambiar, Sr. Adv
o-
cate of this Court should be appointed as Commissioner
to
visit these jails in the three districts of Bihar and co
l-
lect the necessary particulars of juvenile delinquents
65
housed in those jails and report to this Court on or befo
re
7th of April, 1989. He shall be provided all facilities
by
the State Government and its officers as may be deem
ed
reasonable and necessary for implementing this direction.
He
shall also be entitled to reimbursement of his expenses.
It becomes necessary that the Registry should ha
ve
appropriate funds to meet the expenses from time to tim
e.
We, therefore, direct that the Union of India shall depos
it
a sum of Rs.50,000 while each of the States of Bihar a
nd
West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh is directed to deposit a s
um
of Rs. 15,000. Such deposits shall be made on or before 15
th
of April, 1989. The expenses have of course to be met by a
ll
the States but in due course an order directing other Stat
es
to pay to the fund and final apportionment, if necessar
y,
shall be ordered.
Notice be issued to the learned Attorney General
to
appear and assist the Court in this proceeding.
The directions indicated above must be worked out with
in
the time frame as we are fixing the case for further heari
ng
at 2.00 P.M. on 24th of April, 1989.
T.N.A.
66