JUDGMENT
T.K. Chandrashekhara Das, J.
1. This appeal has been preferred by the State of Maharashtra against the acquittal of the respondent of offence punishable under Section 395 or Section 396 of I.P.C. passed by the Additional Sessions Judge, Thane on 31.8.1984 in Sessions Case No. 35 of 1984.
2. The respondent and other four persons stood charged for committing offence under Section 395 and 396 I.P.C. by committing the murder of one Chandulal Shah at 9.45 p.m. on 11-10-1983 on the road in the area known as Kanhere, Taluka Bhiwandi, District Thane. The respondent committed the murder of Chandulal Shah and committed dacoity of property worth Rs. 29,980/- along with one calculator, 2 cheques, one mangalsutra and documents belonging to the complainant Shantilal Shah.
3. According to the prosecution, one Harakchand Shah and Virchand Shah, who are brothers were running a grocery shop known as New Janta Stores at Kanhere, at Bhiwandi, District Thane. They were assisted by Shantilal Shah and deceased Chandulal Shah, who were relatives of the said two brothers. All the four are staying in a building known as Raman Patel Building about 500 ft. away from the shop. The grocery shop opens at 8.00 a.m. in the morning and closes at about 10.00 p.m. daily.
4. On 11-10-1983, complainant Shantilal Shah and Virchand Shah were in the shop. Harakchand was also in the shop till 8.00 p.m. At about 8.00 p.m. he went home and therefrom he went to different places along with his mother for offering condolences at two different houses. Shantilal Chandulal along with Virchand closed the shop at 9.45 p.m. On closing the shop, they also took cash amount of Rs. 29, 980/- and kept in a leather bag along with a mangalsutra, one calculator, one Kaccha cash book, bills and two cheques, one of Rs. 1000/- and another of Rs. 825/-. The mangalsutra was weighing around one tola and belonged to one Gangaram who had pledged it with the shop as he could not clear his dues. All these articles were kept in a leather bag and the leather bag was kept in one cotton satchel. They closed the shop and Virchand gave that satchel to the complainant Shantilal. Virchand asked the complainant Shantilal and deceased Chandulal to go home. Having said this, he himself proceeded to one hotel for making delivery of the goods. After Virchand left, complainant Shantilal and the deceased Chandulal proceeded towards their house Raman Patel Building. As both of them reached near the gate of the compound of the building, it is alleged by the prosecution that one auto rickshaw came from behind. One person while sitting in rickshaw, caught hold of the satchel which was in the hand of complainant Shantilal and started snatching it. Shantilal resisted. The person sitting in the rickshaw came out and Chandulal caught hold of him. During these movements, that person was throughout holding the satchel which was in the hand of Shantilal. It is further alleged that the culprit assaulted Chandulal on his chest with a knife and snatched away the satchel. The same moment the culprit sat in the rickshaw and the rickshaw speeded away.
5. Having found Chandulal sustaining bleeding Injuries on his chest and some one from the crowd which had collected there having advised Shantilal to bring a doctor, he went to Dr. Sadanand who was residing in the adjoining building and brought him to the spot, After leaving the doctor at the spot. Shantilal himself went to the house searching for Harakchand. Harakchand however, was not in the house. He, therefore, went to the house of one Devchand Nepasa where it was reported that Harakchand had gone. But Harakchand was not there. He, therefore, went back to the spot. From there, he took a bicycle and proceeded along with one Hitesh in search of Harakchand. Harakchand met him on way. He narrated the entire incident to Harakchand. From there, all of them went to the spot. At that time, it seems that the matter was reported to the police by someone and police had already reached the spot. It is thereafter that Shantilal and Harakchand went to Kumbharwada Police Station and Shantilal lodged a complaint with the police.
6. P. I. Soni was then attached to Kumbharwada Police Station. At about 10,00 p.m. of October 11, 1983 while he was in the police station, he received a telephone message from Bhoiwada police station that some person was assaulted with a knife in front of Payal talkies. Accordingly, he made a station diary entry and proceeded to the scene of offence. By that time, Chandulal was dead, and his body was kept on the spot covered with white sheet of cloth. P. I. Soni then drew inquest panchanama of the dead body (Exh. 25) and sent it for post mortem examination. He returned to the police station. Thereafter, he recorded the complaint of Shantilal at about 11.20 p.m. and registered the offence at C.R. No. I/268/83. He kept a watch at the scene of offence throughout the night. The next morning he drew panchanama of the scene of offence which was shown to him by Shantilal (Exh. 26). At the time of drawing panchanama of the scene of offence he also attached blood stained mud and the clothes of complainant which were also stained with blood (Exh. 28). On the very same day, he recorded the statements of some six witnesses and kept a search for the accused. He then sent the blood stained mud to the Chemical Analyst under his forwarding letter dt. 13.10.1983. In pursuance of the order from the D. C. P. he handed over the charge of investigation to P. I. Mirokhe.
7. On receiving the charge of investigation P. I. Mirokhe studied the papers. On the same day, i.e. on 13-10-1983 he recorded the statements of witnesses including Chandrakant and Sudani. He kept a search for the accused. On 15-10-1983, he received message that the accussed was at Tembvli along with his rickshaw. Therefore, he proceeded to village Tembivli Meanwhile on 15.10.1983, at about 8.00 a.m. PSI Bhoir was informed that the accused had gone to village Junandurki along with his rickshaw. Therefore, he immediately went to Junandurki with police force by police van. He apprehended the accused and also attached the rickshaw. While he was taking the accused and the rickshaw to the police station, he met P.I. Mirokhe on the way. Therefore, he handed over the accused and the rickshaw to P. I. Mirokhe along with his report (Exh. 47).
8. P. I. Mirokhe arrested the accused on the same day and attached the rickshaw under panchanama. He also found one aluminium strip of the rickshaw blood stained. On searching the rickshaw, he found one knife in the dickey of the rickshaw. It was stained with blood. The blood found on the aluminium strip of the rickshaw was wiped of with the help of cotton swab. On pointing out by the accused, one lungi, one Nehru Shirt and one banian at a distance of one furlong from the place, in Naiida river was recovered by the help of local people and all these clothes were found blood stained and they were attached under panchanama Exh. 42. Then police party including accused went to the house of Barku Appa Patil. In searching the house, in presence of the panchas, recovered one small wallet containing photograph of the accused and cassette recorder. P. I. Mirokhe then recorded statement of witnesses and attached cash of Rs. 2020/- found in the custody of the accused. Search of the other absconding accused continued till 24th October, 1983. As P. I. Mirokhe was transferred in the meantime to Bhiwandi Police Station, he handed over the charge of investigation to P. I. Bhingorde. After taking over the charge of investigation, P.S.I. Bhingorde also continued search of the absconding accused. He subsequently handed over the charge of investigation of the case to P.S.I. Chaudhari who went to Faislabad and Badepur in search of the accused Munna and Aslam. Aslam was not found at Badepur. He arrested Munna at his house at village Rafiganj in Faislabad district on 27-10-1983 and he brought him to Thane on 29-10-1983. He produced the accused before P. I. On 29.11.1983 he handed over the charge of investigation back to P.S.I. Bhoir, P.S.I. Bhoir sent the muddemal articles to C. A. under his forwarding letter on 21-12-1983. After completing investigation, the chargesheet has been filed in the court of J. M. F. C. Bhiwandi on 12-01-1984, J. M. F. C. then committed the case to the Court of Sessions. The accused pleaded not guilty. The charge was framed on April 4, 1984. The accused No. 2 Munna was then on bail. However, thereafter Munna absconded. Therefore, the ease against him was separated and Charge was amended and framed under Section 395 and 396 of I.P.C. on 16th August, 1984 against the accused.
9. In support of the prosecution, 24 witnesses were examined. At the trial Lower Court has acquitted the accused of the charges under Section 395 and 396 of I.P.C. Hence, this appeal is filed by the State.
10. The Lower Court has found relying on the evidence of P.W. Nos. 1, 2 and 3 that there was robbery at about 9.45 p.m. on 11-10-1983 by some persons who had gone there by rickshaw. P.W. 2 and 3 explained that an amount of Rs. 29,980/- was kept in the shop on that day as they wanted to carry that amount to Bombay and make payment in Bombay, The controversy remained is regarding who had committed robbery and while committing robbery who committed the murder of Chandulal V. Shah. It has come out in the evidence that Chandulal was assaulted by a knife on his chest and he was lying his face downwards. He had bleeding injuries on his chest. It has come in the evidence of P. I. Soni that at about 10.00 p. m. he received wireless message from Bhoiwada police station that some person was lying injured in front of Payal Talkies. Accordingly he made station diary entry and rushed to the scene of offence. He found that the injured was dead and his body was kept covered with piece of cloth. He made inquest panchanama of the body which is at Exh. 25. The post mortem of the dead body reveals that two incised wounds and four abrasions on the body, one incised wound was on the left anterior chest over 5th intercostal spece oblique 2″ x 1/4″ cavity deep, another incised wound was on the left anterior thigh upper aspect vertical 1/4″ x 1/4″ muscle deep. In the opinion of the Doctor, these incised wound Nos. 1 and 2 were caused by sharp instrument and other abrasions were caused by hard and rough substance. As per medical evidence, the cause of the death of Chandulal Shah was due to injury to the left atrium of the heart and injury to the left lung and death was unnatural death. As pointed out earlier, there is no eye witness. Therefore, prosecution had to rely upon the circumstantial evidence. The lower Court has taken note of the eight circumstances in this case which are as follows :
(1) That the robbery was committed by a person who had gone to the spot by auto rickshaw.
(2) that the accused was in possession of auto rickshaw No. MTT 7263 at the alleged time of the incident which belongs to witness Bablya (P.W. 10)
(3) that rickshaw was seen near the spot at the alleged time of the incident.
(4) the rickshaw was found to have been stained with blood and a knife was recovered from the dicky of the rickshaw of the accused.
(5) one of the absconding accused had assaulted Chandulal and committed murder ,
(6) finding the accused in banian and under-pant soon after the incident,
(7) accused pointing to where the clothes were thrown and in pursuance of that information the discovery of the clothes stained with blood having been made and
(8) accused having found spending unusually large amount etc.
11. The main reason for the lower court to acquit the accused is that above circumstances have not been strongly linked so as to come to irresistible conclusion that the accused and accused alone must have committed the offence. In other words, the lower Court has found that many of the chains in those circumstances were missing consistency with innocence of the accused. It has come out in the evidence that the accused is having possession of the auto rickshaw MTT 7263 which belongs to Bablya P.W. 10 who states that he purchased rickshaw for Rs. 14,000/- from one Shakil on 24.08.1983. Thereafter he had given rickshaw to the accused for playing it against which the accused had agreed to pay him Rs. 40/- per day. He deposed that since then, the auto rickshaw was in custody of the accused. P.W. 11 Sudam and P.W. 15 Chandrakant who were examined, deposed that they had seen auto rickshaw of the accused bearing registration No. MTT 7263 passing at the spot a few minutes earlier to the incident. P.W. 11 Sudam says that he himself is a rickshaw driver. He owns a rickshaw bearing registration No. MMT 9207. He had deposed that, on the particular date at 8.30 p.m. he had gone to Zarimari temple which is situated nearby the scene of offence, for attending the Arti. Since, there was time for Arti, he sat outside the temple for some time, about 5 to 1.0 minutes, that time he had seen rickshaw bearing registration No. MTT 7263 going in slow speed towards Dhamankar Naka. He further states that some 5 to 10 minutes thereafter, he heard the shouts coming from Raman Patel Building. Therefore, he immediately rushed to that place. As he reached the scene of offence, he saw crowd and saw one person lying in the compound of the building. P.W. 15 Chandrakant states that he resides behind Raman Patel Building. On 11-10-1983 he took dinner and at about 9.30 p.m. went to pan stall which is situated on the corner of Raman Patel Building for taking pan. He took pan from the stall and was returning home. The time was then around 9.45 p.m. At that time, he saw one auto rickshaw going towards Dhamankar Naka and at that time some 4 to 5 persons were sitting in that rickshaw. The number of the rickshaw was 7263. He states that little later he learnt that one Gujrati person was assaulted at 9.45 p.m. The Lower Court has not placed any credence to the evidence of these witnesses and according to us rightly. P.W. 11 says that on that date he saw 3 or 4 auto rickshaws passing by that spot on that date; but he did not remember the numbers of those auto rickshaws. Moreover, according to him, he reached at the scene of offence just 5 to 10 minutes after the incident. He did not disclose the number of auto rickshaw to the people who gathered there, who were about 22 to 25 in number. He further admits in the cross examination that he was involved in 2/3 motor vehicle cases indicating that he is close to the police. The another curious aspect of the evidence of this witness is that he did not disclose the number of auto rickshaw when police recorded statement on 15-10-1983. If, really he had seen the auto rickshaw bearing No. MTT 7263 on that date, he would have definitely disclosed this fact to the persons whom he was knowing in the locality or immediately to the police. The time factor narrated by him also cannot be relied upon. He has narrated, he went to the temple at 8.30 p.m. waited there for 5/10 minutes and then he heard shouts, that means the shouts must have been heard at 9.00 p.m. But according to prosecution, the incident has occurred at 9.45 p.m. Therefore, the lower court has rejected his evidence on the ground of this lacunae.
12. As far as evidence of P.W. 15 is concerned, the Lower Court has analyzed it in detail. It finds that his testimony is not trustworthy. He says that he took pan and he was going back to his home, he had seen auto rickshaw No. 7263 going towards Dhamankar Naka. He admits that at that time of seeing auto rickshaw, incident had not happened. According to him the incident must have happened thereafter, which again is not the prosecution story and he is also not very sure about the number of the auto rickshaw. He says he had seen rickshaw bearing registration No. BMP 7263 and not MTT 7263. According to this witness, no other auto rickshaws had passed by that way. While according to P.W. 11 Sudam four rickshaws had passed at that time. These two witnesses did not corroborate each other either in respect of the timings and also regarding the number of the auto rickshaw.
13. Another important witness which the prosecution has relied upon is P.W. 12 Barku Appa Patil. According to prosecution, immediately after the incident, accused had gone to Barku Appa Patil. He stated that the accused some times has slept at his house at night time. He also says that the accused along with other accused was with him in the early hours on 11-10-1983. He says in his evidence that accused along with three others came there and tried to keep some blood stained clothes there and witness has refused to keep the clothes there. But Court below did not attach much importance to his evidence, that he has not disclosed these facts to the police till 15-10-1983. Explanation for delay offered by him was not satisfactory. The evidence, therefore, led in this case has proved that as observed by the trial court, rightly in our judgment, there was robbery of the articles at the alleged time of the incident and Chandulal was died on account of the robbery. The medical evidence also proved that two incised wounds, one at left anterior chest and another is at left anterior thigh upper aspect vertical which has caused death of Chandulal. Doctor in his examination has stated that he has died of heart injury and it is unnatural death. The lower court then proceeded to discuss the circumstantial evidence adduced in this case.
14. Each and every circumstance shown above have been discussed meticulously by the court below and come the conclusion that those circumstances has not been established beyond reasonable doubt to bring home the guilt of the accused. The most important circumstances that has been belied by the court below is that finding of the auto rickshaw bearing No. MTT 7263 at the relevant time near the place of incident. The prosecution has relied upon the evidence of P.W. 11 and 15. The court below has after careful consideration of this evidence has rejected their evidence having found the said auto rickshaw near the place of incident at the relevant time. Therefore, the circumstance which is strongly connecting the accused to the offence has been rightly belied by the court below.
15. Another circumstance relied upon by the prosecution which is rejected by the court below is the presence of blood on the aluminium strip of the rickshaw and finding of the blood on the knife recovered from the dicky of the rickshaw. It has come out in the evidence that the knife was recovered on 15-10-1983. According to the witness Rambhau, even at that time i.e. on 15-10-1983, blood on the blade of the knife and the aluminium strip was fresh. This has, as rightly observed by the court below, lost entire credibility of the circumstances. The occurrence was on 11th October, 1983 and the blood stained knife was recovered on 15-10-1983. Another aspect is that the blood which was found on the blade of the knife was not on the side of the point of the knife but near the handle of the knife. This circumstance also creates a very serious doubt in our mind. The credibility of this evidence is further deteriorated when P.S.I. Ragho Bhoir, P.W. 21 says that after he has taken custody of the accused and the auto rickshaw, at Junandurki he had put the accused in police van and auto rickshaw was brought by constable Tajne which shows that constable Tajne was in possession of the rickshaw from the time it was taken into possession from the accused till it was taken to Bhiwandi rest house. Therefore, probability and possibility of knife being planted in the dicky of the said auto rickshaw cannot be ruled out. It has come out in the evidence that P.W. 10 Bablya who says that he saw auto rickshaw at Laxmi Garage at Vanzarpatti Naka on 14-10-1983. The wind glass of rickshaw was broken. The lever of the rickshaw was also broken. He, therefore, took the rickshaw to Nabi Basti for replacing the wind glass. At that time accused met him. He got the wind glass replaced and took rickshaw to his house. After one hour the accused came to him and took away the rickshaw. It is to be noted that when entire wind glass of the rickshaw was changed, on 14-10-1983 it was impossible for P. I. Mirokhe to find any blood stains on wind glass on 15-10-1983. Therefore, as rightly observed by the court below, entire evidence of finding blood stains and recovery of knife from the dicky of the rickshaw, throw suspicion and therefore, cannot be accepted.
16. The another circumstance, which was rejected by the Court below is recovery of clothes from the river. The articles recovered from the river were one Lungi, one banian and one Nehru Shirt, article Nos. 14, 15 and 16 respectively. When these clothes were sent to Chemical Analyser, Nehru shirt article No. 14 and Loongi article No. 15 were found stained with blood. But the report shows that the blood found on the articles are neither human blood nor otherwise. There are material contradictions in recovery of these clothes. According to Jairam P.W. 4 and P. I. Mirokhe P.W. 22, Anant had taken out Loongi and Shirt and constable Chaudhari taken out banian. But according to Anant P.W. 9, he took out Loongi and Banian and Nehru Shirt was taken out by constable Chaudhari and Chandhari P.W. 17 says that he has taken out Nehru Shirt and not banian as stated by Jairam Patil.
17. Another important circumstance is the extra judicial confession brought on record by P.W. 14 Yunus. According to him, he and one Aslam were staying at one place at Betal pada. Both of them had room in that area. Both of them used to take meal at one place called “Bhishi”. He has stated that he knows Kudus, Thakur and accused. He states that on 12.10.1983 Munna had come to that area and made enquiry about Aslam with him. On query from Munna he showed room of Aslam to Munna. Then Aslam met Munna and there was some talk between them but he could not hear. But he saw Aslam give Rs. 50/- to Munna and he asked Munna to collect Rs. 500/- from each of Khudus and Pandit. Khudus told him that earlier night he himself. Aslam, accused, Thakur and Khudus committed murder and snatched money and ran away. But the evidence of P.W. 14 has to be rejected because in his cross examination he admits that on 12-10-1983, he had shown the room of Aslam to Munria and went back. He did not wait there as he had no concern with their talk. He further admits that at 12.00 noon Munna made enquiry about Aslam. That time he told that he did not know where Aslam was. Thereafter Munna went away. The court below has rightly found that the extra judicial confession said to have been made by this witness is disproved and this extra judicial confession cannot be relied upon unless it is corroborated.
18. The another circumstance that prosecution has failed to prove is that as to whom the clothes recovered belongs to. Therefore, all these anomalies in the evidence indicate that the circumstances relied upon by the prosecution has not been properly connected to the accused and the chain has been broken out. In the circumstances, we find that the court below was absolutely justified in acquitting the accused. It is well established in the criminal jurisprudence that in order to establish the guilt of the accused from the circumstantial evidence, all the circumstances should have rational concern with each other without breaking any link. If any link is broken, it cannot be said that the guilt is established by circumstantial evidence.
19. In the result, we uphold the judgment of the court below acquitting the accused and appeal filed by the state is devoid of any merit and therefore, it is dismissed.