PETITIONER: V.D. M. R. M. M. R. M. MUTHIAH CHETTIAR Vs. RESPONDENT: COMMISSIONER OF INCOME-TAX, MADRAS DATE OF JUDGMENT: 14/02/1969 BENCH: SHAH, J.C. BENCH: SHAH, J.C. RAMASWAMI, V. GROVER, A.N. CITATION: 1970 AIR 10 1969 SCR (3) 715 1969 SCC (1) 675 CITATOR INFO : D 1970 SC1982 (11) RF 1980 SC2114 (4) F 1987 SC1768 (4,5) ACT: Indian income-tax Act (11 of 1922), ss. 34 and 16(3)- Assessee's return of income as individual not showing that other members of his firm were his minor sons-Income of minors separately assessed-S. 34(1) and s. 34(1)(b), applicability of income of a minor son whether can be added under s. 16(3)-income of assessee after having been separately assessed. HEADNOTE: The assessee and his minor sons separately held shares in a resident firm. For assessment years 1952-53 to 1954-55, the assessee filed returns as an individual and therein stated under the head business income that the profit should be ascertained from the Income-tax Officer assessing the firm. The names of the partners were stated, but it was not stated in the return that some of the parties were his minor sons. The minors, through their mother as guardian, also filed returns for these assessment years, and they were assessed to tax. The assessee was also assessed as an individual, in respect of his share in the income of the firm and other sources, but the assessment order did not include the share of the minors from the firm. The Income-tax Officer issued notices of reassessment to the assessee under s. 34(1) (a) of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922 for the years 1952-53 and 1953-54 and under s. 34(1) (b) for the year 1954-55. The Income-tax Officer took the view that the assessee had not disclosed the fact that his sons were minors and the income of the sons which should have been included under s. 16(3) (a) (ii) had escaped assessment in the assessee's hands and accordingly he brought that income to tax. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner confirmed this order. The Appellate Tribunal, in appeal held that for the first two, years s. 34(1) (a) applied, that in respect of the third year there was no change of opinion but the assessment was made on information received within the meaning of s. 34(1) (b) and that the income of the minors could be assessed in the hands of the assessee 'notwithstanding the separate assessments already made on the minors. On reference, the High Court answered the questions against the assessee. In appeal, this Court, HELD : Section 16(3) of the Act imposed an obligation upon the Income-tax Officer to compute the total income of any individual for the purpose of assessment by including the items of income set out in cls. (a)(i) to (iv) and (b), but thereby no obligation was imposed upon the tax-payer to disclose the income liable to be included in his assessment under s. 16(3). For failing or omitting to disclose that income proceedings for reassessment could not be commenced under s. 34(1) (a). Section 22(5) required the assessee to furnish particulars of the names of the shares of the partners but imposed no obligation to mention or set out the income of the nature mentioned in s. 16(3). In the relevant years there was no head in the form of return prescribed under the rules under which income liable to be assessed to tax under s. 16(3) (a) & (b) could be disclosed. These assessments under s. 34(1) (a) for the years 1952-53 and 1953-54 could not, therefore be upheld. [721 A] (ii) The income of a minor can be included in the hands of an assessee under s. 16(3) of the Act, notwithstanding that an assessment has been made on the minor represented by his guardian. [718 G-H] 716 C.R. Nagappa v. Commissioner of Income-tax, Mysore, [1969] 1 S.C.R. 979, followed. (iii) In respect of the assessment years 1954-55, there was no basis for the argument that the Income-tax Officer had only changed his opinion. The order of re-assessment was made well within four years from the date of the last day of that assessment year. The notice was, therefore, competently issued by the Income-tax Officer. L721 F] JUDGMENT:
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION:Civil Appeals Nos. 1457 to 1459
of 1958.
Appeals from the judgment and order dated August 21, 1964 of
the Madras High Court in T.C. No. 75 of 1962 (Reference No.
50 of 1962).
M. C. Chagla and T. A. Ramachandran, for the appellant (in
all the appeals).
S. K. Aiyar add B. D. Sharma, for the respondent (in all
the appeals).
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
Shah, J. Ramanathan Chettiar his son Muthiah Chettiar
called hereinafter for the sake of brevity, Muthiah–and
Ramanathan, Annamalai and Alagappan, sons of Muthiah,
constituted a Hindu undivided family. The family owned a
3/5th share in M.R.M.S. Firm, Seramban in Malaya. The firm
was assessed under the Indian income-tax Act, 1922, in the
status of a firm resident within the taxable territories.
On September 16, 1950, Muthiah separated from the family
taking his 1/5th share in the M.R.M.S. Firm. On April 13,
1951 the status of the family became completely disrupted
and the three sons of Muthiah took in equal shares the
remaining 2/5th share-the grandfather Ramanathan taking no
share in the M.R.M.S. Firm.
For the assessment year 1952-53 Muthiah submitted a return
of his income as an individual and stated under the head
business income “Kindly ascertain his (assessee’s) share of
profit and remittances from the Income-tax officer, Second
Additional Circle I, Karaikudi, in F. 6098-m/1952-53”. In
Part III of the return Muthiah supplied the following
information about his partners
Name and address of Name of each partner Share
the firm including assessee
Messrs. R.RM.S. Firm 1. Assessee (Muthiah Chettiar) 60/303
Seramban, F. M.S. 2. VD. M.RM. M. RM. M.
Ramanathan Chettiar (minor). 40/303
3. VD. M. RM. M. RM. M.
Alagappan Chettiar (minor). 40/303
4. VD. M. RM. M. RM. M.
Annamalai Chettiar (minor) 40/303
5. C.P.R. 60/303
6. M.S.S. 60/303
7. Charity 3/303
717
For the assessment year 1953-54 in column 3 in section B of
the return Muthiah stated : “Kindly ascertain the
remittances from the Income-tax Officer, Fifth Additional,
Karaikudi in F. 6098-m”, and at p. 3 of the return in column
3 of Section F it was stated
“Assessee has 60/303 share in Messrs. Joint
Seramban (Malaya). Kindly ascertain share of
profit or loss from the Income-tax Officer,
Fifth Additional, Karaikudi in F. 6098.”
In Part III of the return he set out the names
of the partners as, were mentioned in the
return for 1952-53. Against the names. of
Ramanathan Chettiar, Alagappan Chettiar and
Annamalai Chettiar it was not disclosed that
they were minors.
For the assessment year 1954-55 at the foot of
page 1 of the return Muthiah stated :
“The assessee has a remittance of Rs.
6,188-12-0 from R.R.M.S. Firm, Seramban. His
share of income may be taken from the firm’s
file.’,
and in Part III the names of seven partners as mentioned in
1952-53 return were set-out–Ramanathan, Alagappan, were not
shown as minors.
Ramanathan, Alagappan and Aannamalai–the three minor sons
of Muthiah represented by their mother and guardian also
filed returns of their respective income for the years 1952-
53, 1953-54 and 1954-55 and disclosed therein their shares
in the profit from the 2/5th share in the M.RM.S. Firm.
For the assessment years 1952-53, 1953-54 and 1954-55 the
Income-tax officer completed the assessments separately on
the firm, on Muthiah as an individual and on the three
minors represented by their mother and guardian. Muthiah
was assessed in respect of his share in the income of the
firm and from other sources. In his returns muthiah had not
disclosed the share received by his minor sons and the
Income-tax officer did not in making the assessments include
shares of the minors from the firm under s. 16 (3) (a) (ii)
of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922. The Income-tax Officer
issued notices of reassessment to Muthiah under s. 34(1) (a)
of the Income-tax Act, 1922 for the years 1952-53 and 1953-
54 and under s. 34(1) (b) for the year 1954-55. Muthiah,
filed returns under protest declaring the same income as
originally assessed. In the view of the Income-tax Officer
Muthiah had not furnished in Part III clause (c) of the
return full facts regarding the other parties and in column
2 he had merely disclosed that Ramanathan, Alagappan and
Annamalai were minors: that “information was not full in the
sense that he had not stated that
L10Sup./69-11
718
they were minors sons” of Muthiah. Accordingly the Income-
tax Officer held that the income of the sons of Muthiah
which should have been included under s. 16 (3) (a) (ii) of
the Income-tax Act had escaped assessment in Muthiah’s hands
and he brought that income to tax.
The Appellate Assistant Commissioner confirmed the order
made by the Income-tax Officer. In appeal to the Tribunal
it was contended by Muthiah that he had fully and truly
disclosed all the particulars he was required to disclose in
the returns of his income for the three years in question,
and “s. 34 (a) (a) had no application to the assessment
years 1952-53 and 1953-54 and for 1954-55 the reopening was
based only on a change of opinion”. Muthiah also contended
that s. 40 of the Income-tax Act was mandatory and since the
Income-tax Officer had made separate assessments on the
minors represented by their mother, no further’ assessment
under s. 16(3) could be made, the two sections being
mutually exclusive.
The Tribunal observed that for the first two years s. 34 (1)
(a) applied, that in respect of the year 1954-55 there was
no change of opinion but the assessment was made on
information received within the meaning of s. 34 (1 ) (b)
of the Income-tax Act and that separate assessment of the
minors did not stop the Income-tax Officer from assessing
the income received by the minor sons in the hands of
Muthiah. The Appellate Tribunal accordingly confirmed the
order of the Appellate Assistant Commissioner.
At the instance of Muthiah the following questions were
referred to the High Court of Madras :
(i) Whether on the facts and in the
circumstances of the case, the re-assessment
made on the assessee under s. 34 of the Act is
valid in law for 1952-53 to 1954-55 ?
(ii)Whether on the facts and in the
circumstances of the case, the inclusion of
the share income of the minor in the hands of
the assessee by invoking the provisions of s.
16(3) of the Act is valid in law
notwithstanding that an assessment is made on
the minor represented by his guardian ?”
The answer to the second question must, in view of the
recent judgment of this Court in C. R. Nagappa v. The
Commissioner of Income-tax, Mysore(1), be in the
affirmative.
In considering the first question it is necessary to refer
to certain provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1922. By
section 3
(1) [1969] 1 S.C.R. 979.
719
the total income of the previous year of every individual,
Hindu undivided family, Company and local authority and of
every firm and other association of persons or the partners
of the firm or the members of the association individually
was charged to tax for that year in accordance with, and
subject to the provisions of the act at any rate or rates
prescribed by the Finance Act. “Total income” was defined
in s. 2(15) as meaning “total amount of income, profits and
gains referred to in sub-s. (1) of section 4 computed in the
manner laid down in this Act.” Section 4(1) set out the
method of computation of total income : it enacted
(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act,
the total income of any previous year of any
person includes all income, profits and gains
from whatever source derived which–
(a) are received or are deemed to be
received in the taxable territories in such
year by or on behalf of such person or
(b) if such person is resident in the
taxable territories during such year,-
(i) accrue or arise or are deemed to accrue
or arise to him in the taxable territories
during such year, or
Section 22 by sub-s. (1) required the Income-tax Officer to
give notice by publication in the press in the prescribed
manner, requiring every person whose total income during the
previous year exceeds the maximum exempt from tax, to
furnish a return in the prescribed form setting forth his
total income. Sub-sectian (2) authority the Income-tax
Officer to serve a notice upon a person whose income in the
opinion of the Income-tax Officer exceeded the minimum free
from tax. Section 23 dealt with the assessment. It
conferred power upon the Income-tax Officer to assess the
total income of the assessee and to determine the sum
payable by him on the basis of such return, submitted by
him. Rule 19 framed under s. 59 of the Income-tax Act,
1922, required the assessee to make a return in the form
prescribed thereunder, and in Form A applicable to an
individual or a Hindu undivided family or an association of
persons there was no clause which required disclosure of
income of Any person other than the income of the assessee,
which was liable to be included in his total income. The
Act and the Rules accordingly imposed no obligation upon the
assessee to disclose to the Income-tax Officer in his return
information relating to income of any other person by law
taxable in his hands.
720
But s’ 16 sub-s. (3) provided that in computing the total
income of any individual for the purpose of assessment there
shall be included the classes of income mentioned in cls.
(a) and (b). Sub-section (3) (a) (ii) in-so-far as it is
material provided “In computing the total income of any
individual for the purpose of assessment, there shall be
included:
(a) so much of the income of a wife or minor child of such
individual as arises directly or indirectly–
(i)
(ii) from the admission of the minor to the benefits of
partnership in a firm of which such individual is a
partner;”
The assessee was bound to disclose under s. 22(5) the names
and addresses of his partners, if any, engaged in business,
profession or vocation together ‘with the location and style
of the principal place and branches thereof and the extent
of the shares of all such partners in the profits of the
business, profession or vocation and any branches thereof,
but the as was not required in making a return to disclose
that any income was received by his wife or minor child
admitted to the benefits of partnership of a firm of which
he was a partner.
Counsel for the Commissioner contended that in the forms of
returns prescribed in the “Notes of Guidance” for drawing up
the return were printed, and thereby the assessee was
informed that he had to disclose the income received by his
wife and minor children from a firm of which the assessee
was a partner. Counsel has however not placed before the
Court the forms of return in vogue in the relevant year of
assessment. In the Income Tax Manual published under the
authority of the Central Government in 1945 under cl. (3)
printed at p. 185 theassessee is advised to include the
return under the appropriate headcertain classes of income
which are liable to be included in theassessment of an
individual under s. 16, and income liable to betaxed
under ss. 41D, 44E and 44F. This instruction was repeated
in the Manual Parts II and III at pp. 344 and 345 in the
10th Edition published in 1950. But in the 11th Edition of
the Manual published in 1954 no such instructions were
printed. About the date on which the instructions were
deleted Counsel for the Commissioner was unable to give any
information. Assuming that there were instructions printed
in the Forms of return in the relevant years’, in the
absence of any head under which the income of the wife or
minor child of a partner whose wife or a minor child was a
partner in the same firm, could be shown, by not showing
that income the tax-payer cannot be deemed to have failed or
omitted to disclose fully and truly all material
721
facts necessary for his assessment. Section 16(3) imposer,
an obligation upon the Income-tax Officer to compute the
total income of any individual for the purpose of assessment
by including the items of income set out in cls. (a) (i) to
(iv) and (b), but thereby no obligation is unposed upon the
tax-payer to disclose the income liable to be included in
his assessment under s. 16(3). For failing or omitting to
disclose that income proceedings for reassessment cannot
therefore be commenced under s. 34 (1) (a) Section 22(5)
required the assessee to furnish particulars of the names
and shares of his partners, but imposes no obligation to
mention or set out the income of the nature mentioned in S.
16(3). In the relevant years there was no head in the form
under which income liable to be assessed to tax under s.
16(3) (,a) and (b) could be disclosed.
We are in the circumstances unable to agree with the High
Court that s. 34 imposed an obligation upon the assessee to
disclose all income includable in his assessment by reason
of s. 16(3) (a) (ii). Section 34(1) (a) sets out the
conditions in which the power may be exercised : it did not
give,-rise to an obligation to disclose information which
enabled the Income-tax Officer to exercise the power under
s. 16(3) (a) (ii), nor had the use of the expression
“necessary for his assessment” in s. 34(1)(a) that effect.
The High Court did not consider the question whether in the
year 1954-55 the notice under s. 34(1) (b) was properly
issued against Muthiah. The Tribunal in their judgment
observed:
“There is no basis for the argument that the Income-tax
Officer had only changed his opinion and reopened the
assessment.”
We agree with that view. The order of re-assessment was
made well within four years from the date of the last day of
the year of assessment 1954-55. The notice was therefore
competently issued by the Income-tax Officer.
The order passed by the High Court,, in so far as it relates
to the years 1952-53 and 1953-54 is set aside and the answer
in the negative is recorded. For the year 1954-55 the
answer recorded by the High Court is confirmed. There will
be no order as to costs throughout.
Y.P. Appeal partly allowed.
722